The functions of the cell organelles

Cytoplasm • Jelly-like fluid that fills the cell.• Described by Felix Dujardin

Cytoskeleton

Provides internal supportSupports organelles and maintains the shape of the cellMade up of microtubules and microfilaments

Nucleus• Controls activities of cells, cell reproduction &

heredity

Nuclear Membrane

Nucleolus

Controls transport of materials into and out of the nucleus

Synthesis and storage of RNA

PORES

Chromosomes/Chromatin

Genetic information

Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis

• Composed of 2 subunits. Prokaryotes = 70s ribosomes

Eukaryotes = 80s ribosomes

Ribosomes are located - on the endoplasmic reticulum

- on the surface of the nuclear envelope

- free floating in the cytoplasm.

2 parts of ribosome

Endoplasmic Reticulum“Internal Transport System”

• Transports substances throughout the cell • Rough ER is site of protein synthesis• Smooth ER is the site of lipid and steroid

synthesis and detoxifies substances.

Golgi Apparatus“The Packaging Plant”

• Temporarily stores, packages, and transports materials• Packages digestive enzymes to make lysosomes.• Lysosomes digest food particles and foreign substances.

Rough Endoplasmic reticulum

Golgiapparatus

Lysosomes

NucleusThe Endomembrane System

Vacuoles/vesicles

Smooth Endoplasmic reticulum

Plasma Membrane

Mitochondria“Powerhouse” of the cell

Site of cellular respiration

Vacuoles/Vesicles Reservoirs for water and dissolved substances.

Stores food or waste.

Contractual vacuole for single celled animals

Plant cell vacuole

Cell Wall • Provides external support and protection• Prevents bacterial invasion• Made up of cellulose

In PLANTS Only

Plastids In PLANTS Only

Chloroplast: Contains chlorophyll which captures light energy for photosynthesis

Chromoplast: stores accessory pigments for photosynthesis Amyloplast/Leucoplast: stores excess glucose from photosynthesis as amylose/starch

In ANIMALS Only

Centrioles• Found in the cytoplasm

• Produce spindle fibers that are used to separate chromosomes during cell division.