The Great Depression and the

New Deal

1929 – 1939

Chapter 24

2

Readings

• You must read the chapter.• Divisions:

– Pp. 729-742– 742-754– 754-763

– Make sure you know the New Deal Legislation and how it affected Alabama and the US.

3

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

4

Crash and Depression, 1929-1932

5

Figure 24.1A: Stock

Market Prices

in the 1920s

6

Black Thursday and the Onset of the Depression

7

Figure 24.1B:

Consumer Borrowing in

the 1920s

8

Hoover’s Response• Herbert Hoover Documentary

• Hoover's Response Speech

• Emergency Committee for Employment

• Reconstruction Finance Corporation

9

Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times

10

Mounting Discontent and Protest

• Hoover Valley

• Farmers” Holiday Association– Douglas MacArthur

• 42nd Parallel– John Dos Passos

• The Disinherited– Jack Conroy

11

Figure 24.2A: The Statistics of Hard Times

12

Figure 24.2B: The Statistics of Hard Times

13

The Election of 1932

14

Map 24.1: The Election of 1932

15

The New Deal Takes Shape

16

Roosevelt and his Circle• Rexford G. Tuggle

• Adolphe Berle

• Eleanor Roosevelt

• James Farley

• Frances Perkins

• Harold Ickes

• Henry A. Wallace

• Henry Morgenthau

17

Bankhead in Congress

• John Hollis

• William Brockman• Speaker of the House

• John Hollis II

• Walter Will

• Tallulah

18

FDR’s Alphabet Soup

WPA men at work

19

20

The Hundred Days

• TVA– David Lilienthal

21

Hundred Days Legislation

CCCBoys

22

Justice Hugo Black• Senator from Alabama

• One of 9 Roosevelt appointed

• Textualism-what do words mean to the common man or a strict interpretation of the law

• KKK member in early life

• Democrat / Died 1971

23

Problems and Controversies Plague the New Deal

• May 1935 court rules NRA unconstitutional

• Dust Bowl of 1930 and continuing

• “There goes Oklahoma!”

Roosevelt’s Supreme Court

*Note Hugo Black on back right. KKK

24

Map 24.2: The Dust Bowl

25

The Dust Bowl• Dust Bowl Documentary

• Don’t forget to read your excerpts from The Dust Bowl Diary

North and South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana and other states were effected.

Southern states experienced erosion until the addition of Kudzu to the landscape.

Figure 24.3: Agriculture During the Great Depression

27

1934-1935 Challenges from Right and Left

• 1933 Income rose but was still behind 1929.

• 1934 Midterm elections proved popularity.– “He’s been all but crowned by the people

• Charles Coughlin Father Charles Coughlin Radio Address

• Francis Townsend– Influenced creation of – Social Security

28

Huey Long• Huey Long• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related

– Louisiana– Elected 1933– “Share our wealth!”– “America First Party” 100% tax on

income over $1 million and appropriation of fortunes over $5

– million.– Carl Weiss – Assassinated

– Earl Long “Blaze”

• Ballad of Earl Long

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VIMi7fBA6e4&feature=related

29

The New Deal Changes Course, 1935-1936

• WPA Works Progress Administration– Federal Writer’s Project– Federal Music Project– Federal Theatre Project

– National Youth Administration– Rural Electrification Administration

– National Labor Relations Act 1935

Eudora Welty

Junior Publicity Agent

30

Photos of Eudora Welty

31

32

National Labor Relations Act

• Wagner Act– Guaranteed collective

bargaining rights, permitted closed shops, outlawed blacklisting

33

Social Security Act of 1935End of the 2nd New Deal

• Social Security Act 1935– Stands as the long term

legislation of the New Deal– Frances Perkins committee

• Mixed benefit package• Pension• Unemployment package• Survivor benefits• Disabled and dependent

mothers and children

34

1936 Roosevelt Landslide and New Democratic Coalition

• South

• West (parts)

• White Ethnic voters

• 12 largest cities– Catholics– Jews

• Who filled New Deal jobs?

35

36

The New Deal’s End Stage 1937-1939

37

FDR and the Supreme Court

• Archconservatives– 9 old tired men!

• Bill– Appoint new justices for each one over 70– “Ease heavy workload

– Court packing

38

Roosevelt Recession

39

Final Measure: Growing Opposition

• Farm Security Administration (FSA)– 1937– Created by Congress

• Fair Labor Standards Act (1938)

40

Social Change and Social Action in the 1930’s

41

Depression’s Psychological and Social Impact

42

Industrial Workers Unionize

• American Federation of Labor (AFL)

• Committee for Industrial Organization (CIO)

• United Automobile Workers

43

Figure 24.4: The Growth of Labor Union Membership, 1933–1946

44

Black and Hispanic AmericansResist Racism and Exploitation

• “Don’t Shop Where You Can’t Work!”

• Scottsboro Boys• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=rIkBFFZeNVM

• Indian Reorganization Act

45

The American Culture Scene in the 1930’s

46

Avenues of Escape: Radio and the Movies

• Gone with the Wind 1939• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79eIUM4w0PU&feature=related

• Mr. Smith Goes to Washington 1937• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=endscreen&NR=1&v=0pwjGWUrlHM

• The Little Colonel (1935) Shirley Temple• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7_FOPPJcJ24

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o-DueyLco8s&feature=endscreen&NR=1

47

The Later 1930’s: Opposing Fascism Reaffirming Traditional

Values• Popular Front

• Joseph Stalin

• Adolf Hitler

• Spanish Civil War

• Benito Mussolini

48

Steinbeck, Hemingway, Wilder

• For Whom the Bell Tolls

• The Grapes of Wrath

• Our Town

49

Streamlining and the World’s Fair: Corporate America’s Utopian Vision

• “The World of Tomorrow”

• 1939 World’s Fair

• Orson Wells– “War of the Worlds”

– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xs0K4ApWl4g

50

FDR• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUnihvqYBVw

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=amNpxQANk0M

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WpEdYp1Nn-k&feature=related

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nuElu-ipTQ

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUZGkNAUSvY&feature=related

• Eleanor Roosevelt Speech

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6P15knTJ0pQ

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9yzakVOdh6k&feature=related

51

Conclusion