The Great War

By: George Bryan and Rob Bledsoe

The Road to World War

Definition of terms:

• Conscription – A military draft, which was established as a regular practice in most western countries before 1914.

• (note:The United States and Britain were exceptions.)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:• Mobilization – The process of assembling

troops and supplies and making them ready for war.

• In 1914, mobilization was considered an act of war.

• (note: On July 28, Czar Nicholas II ordered partial mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary.)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Archduke Francis Ferdinard – Was the heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, when he was then assassinated by Gavrilo Princip (a 19 year- old Bosnian Serb: note; who succeeded in shooting both the archduke and his wife.)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Emperor William II – Was emperor of Germany (note: said he would support Austria in there attack on Serbia and even if Austria-Hungary went to war)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Czar Nicholas II – Russian ruler who ordered partial mobilization of the Russian army against Austria-Hungary to support Serbia’s cause.

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Triple Alliance – Was formed by Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy in 1882.

• (note: 3 of the 6 European great powers divided into an alliance)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Triple Entente – Was formed by France, Great Britain, and Russia in 1907.

• (note: 3 of the 6 European great powers divided into an alliance)

The Road to World War I

Definition of terms:

• Militarism – Is the reliance on military strength

The Road to World War I

• Ethnic groups left without nations• Slavic minorities in the Balkans• The Hapsburg Empire• The Irish in the British

Empire • The Poles in the Russian

Empire • All had the dream of creating

their own national states.

The Road to World War I• The creation of military plans drew the

nations of Europe into world war one • Due to the large size of the armies tension

grew and if war did break out devastation would be great

• To increase the size of their armies, almost all western countries established a conscription, or military draft

• Military leaders drew up vast and complex plans for quickly mobilizing millions of men and enormous quantities of supplies in the event of war

The Road to World War I• Decisions made by European leaders• On June 28, 1914 Arch Duke Francis

Ferdinand was killed by Gavirilo Princip • Austrian feared Russian; friend Germany • Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia.• When Russia ignored Germany’s warning

Germany declared war on Russia• Germany could not mobilize troops

solely against Russia so they decl- ared war on France on august 3

• Great Britain declared war on Germany

The Road to World War I• Chief domestic problems• Socialists used violent strikes to achieve

their goals• Conservative leaders alarmed because of

increase in labor strife and class division• Desire to suppress

internal disorder may have encou- raged leaders to take plunge into war

The War

• Total War

• Neither country could gain an upper hand

• Many people believed the war could be over in a matter of weeks

• Germans halted a short distance from Paris at the first Battle of the Marne

• War at stalemate, either side needed an extra push to win

• What the government did

• DORA allowed the government to arrest protestors as traitors

• Newspapers censored

• Exaggerated German atrocities in Belgium

The War

The War

• Increased government powers• Drafted tens of millions of young men• Free market capitalistic systems were

temporarily put aside• Governments set up price, wage, and rent

controls• Rationed food supplies and materials• Regulated imports and exports• Took over transportation systems and

industries

The War

• The war and women

• Women took over men’s jobs

• Women in jobs that once had been considered beyond their capacity

• Chimney sweepers, truck drivers, farm laborers, and factory workers in heavy industry’s

The War• United States involvement

• On March 7, 1915 British ship Lusitania was sunk by German forces

• 1100 civilians died including over 100 Americans

• May 31, 1916 battle of Jutland (no winner)

• Germany reinstated

unrestricted submarine warfare

• April 1917 United States

enters war

The War

• Trenches

• “live and let live” system– Not shelling the latrines– Not attacking during breakfast

• British trench magazine

B.E.F. Times

• Own humor magazines

The Russian Revolution

• Main causes• Germany shipped Lenin to Russia, hoping

to create disorder• Czar went to war leaving his wife to make

all the decisions• She was manipulated

and the Czar rule stumbled its way through a series of military and economic disasters

The Russian Revolution

• World war one

• Russia’s allies sent troupes to bring them back into the war

• Troupes gave material aid to Anti-Communist forces

• Communists took total command of Russia

• Russia largely hostile to Allied powers

The Russian Revolution• Allied troupes helped the communist

– Disunity– Political differences– Could not cooperate

effectively with one another

• Communist government called on patriotic Russians to fight foreign attempts to control the country

The Russian Revolution

• Communist steps– Government control of banks and most industries– The seizing of grain from peasants– The centralization of states administration

• Czar and family murdered and burned on July 16 under communist control

• Cheka began a Red Terror to destroy opposed people

The End of the War

• Treaty of Versailles– Germany and Austria had to pay reparations – German had to reduce

army to 100,000 men– Cut back its navy and eliminate its air force– Germany gave back Alsace and Lorraine– Parts of eastern Germany were give to Polish

states– German land on both sides of Rhine made a

demilitarized Zone

The End of the War

• Mandate system– Woodrow Wilson had opposed the outright

annexation of colonial territories by the Allies

• France took control of Lebanon and Syria

• Britain received Iraq and Pallestine

The End of the War

• Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points– Reaching peace

agreements openly rather than through secret diplomacy

– Reducing armaments

– Ensuring self-determination

The Impact of the Great WarCountry Mobilized Killed Wounded Total Casualties

Africa1 55,000 10,000 unknown unknown -

Australia 330,000 59,000 152,000 211,000 64%

Austria-Hungary*tt 6,500,000 1,200,000 3,620,000 4,820,000 74%

Belgium* 207,000 13,000 44,000 57,000 28%

Bulgaria* 400,000 101,000 153,000 254,000 64%

Canada 620,000 67,000 173,000 241,000 39%

The Caribbean2 21,000 1,000 3,000 4,000 19%

French Empire*tt 7,500,000 1,385,000 4,266,000 5,651,000 75%

Germany*t 11,000,000 1,718,000 4,234,000 5,952,000 54%

Great Britain*tt 5,397,000 703,000 1,663,000 2,367,000 44%

Greece* 230,000 5,000 21,000 26,000 11%

India3 1,500,000 43,000 65,000 108,000 7%

Italy*tt 5,500,000 460,000 947,000 1,407,000 26%

Japan*tt 800,000 250 1,000 1,250 0.2%

Montenegro* 50,000 3,000 10,000 13,000 26%

New Zealand 110,000 18,000 55,000 73,000 66%

Portugal* 100,000 7,000 15,000 22,000 22%

Romania* 750,000 200,000 120,000 320,000 43%

The Impact of the Great War

•The Totals are that 171892500 people were killed or wounded on both sides

The Impact of the Great War

• Monetary cost of war• $23,000,000,000 • Reparations demanded by Allied Powers

in dollars $82,400,000,000. • Direct Cost of

war to belligerents $1913 dollars

The Impact of the Great War

• Military innovations– Planes – Mustard gas – Rapid fire guns – Tanks – U-boats– Armed cars

The Impact of the Great War

• Painter began painting rougher images

• It was a dark time

• Many people were changed because of the wars massive destruction

The Impact of the Great War• Writing got dark

• It was about death

• So many people saw things that they could not get out of there head

In Flanders FieldsIn Flanders fields the poppies blowBetween the crosses, row on row

That mark our place; and in the skyThe larks, still bravely singing, fly

Scarce heard amid the guns below. We are the Dead. Short days ago

We lived, felt dawn, saw sunset glow,Loved and were loved, and now we lie

In Flanders fields. Take up our quarrel with the foe:

To you from failing hands we throwThe torch; be yours to hold it high.

If ye break faith with us who dieWe shall not sleep, though poppies grow

In Flanders fields.

The Impact of the Great War

• France feared Germany

• France had to rebuild its cities

• There was a decrease in the mail population

• Women had to take over

The Impact of the Great War

• Pacifism-opposition to war or violence of any kind

• The destruction made many people sick

• They could not get images out of there head

• There was so much death and blood that people could not go back to living a normal life

The END!!!!!!!

• This is the end………• Thank you for reading……….• Drive safe home……….• But if you are reading at home…….• Walk safely to bed………• Or………….• Go to the next presentation safely……• Thank You!!!!!!!!!!!!

Now the Real End!!!!!!!!!!!!!

What we used• The Great War; http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/index.html 10/26/06• The Great War; http://www.pitt.edu/~pugachev/greatwar/ww1.html 10/26/06

• World war one trenches on the web; http://www.worldwar1.com/maps/php00a.jpg 10/26/06

• World war one trenches on the web; http://www.pbs.org/greatwar/chapters/ch1_explosion.html 10/26/06

• Woodrow Wilson; http://images.google.com/images?svnum=10&hl=en&lr=&q=woodrow+wilson+14+points 10/26/06

• WEAPONS & EQUIPMENT; http://www.gwpda.org/photos/greatwr2.htm#weapons 10/26/06

• ANNOUNCEMENTS https://blackboard.richland2.org/webapps/portal/frameset.jsp?tab=courses&url=/bin/common/course.pl?course_id=_2364_1 10/27/06