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The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and Elizabeth I. Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and
Elizabeth I
The Henrician and Edwardian Reformation, Marian Reaction, and
Elizabeth I
Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head.
In 1521 Henry VIII published a book in defense of the seven sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith."
Henry VIII held no Protestant convictions. He objected to papal control of the English Church not for doctrinal reasons, but because he believed that he should be its Supreme Head.
In 1521 Henry VIII published a book in defense of the seven sacraments against the ideas of Martin Luther (in the actual writing he was helped by Sir Thomas More,) and willingly accepted from the Pope the reward of the title of "Defender of the Faith."
King Henry VIIKing Henry VII
Margaret Tudor [to Margaret Tudor [to Scotland], Henry Scotland], Henry
VIII’s SisterVIII’s Sister
Arthur, Arthur, Prince of Prince of
WalesWales[1500][1500]
Young Young Henry Henry
VIIIVIII
Young Catherine Young Catherine of Aragonof Aragon
Henry VIII [r. Henry VIII [r. 1509-1547]1509-1547]
Stained Glass Stained Glass Window Window
of Catherine of of Catherine of AragonAragon
Mary I [28 years Mary I [28 years old]old]
Henry VIII’s Henry VIII’s CHildrenCHildren1510 Daughter - died1510 Daughter - died
1511 Son - died1511 Son - died1513 Son - died1513 Son - died1514 Son - died1514 Son - died1516 Mary - 1516 Mary - survivedsurvived1518 Daughter - died1518 Daughter - died1533 Elizabeth - 1533 Elizabeth - survivedsurvived1534 Son - died1534 Son - died1535 unknown - died1535 unknown - died1536 Son - died1536 Son - died1537 Edward1537 Edward - - survivedsurvived
Henry Fitzroy (1519-Henry Fitzroy (1519-36), Duke 36), Duke of Richmond (1525):of Richmond (1525):Illegitimate Son of Illegitimate Son of
Henry VIIIHenry VIII
Archbishop Archbishop Thomas CranmerThomas Cranmer
#1--Catherine of Aragon #1--Catherine of Aragon [1485-1536][1485-1536]
Henry VIIIHenry VIII
The Henrician ReformationThe Henrician Reformation• Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child-
Mary.• Catherine was in her early 40s• Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an
annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21 – He fancied Anne Boleyn– C V (HRE) influenced Clement– NO ANNULMENT
• Catherine of Aragon bore one surviving child- Mary.
• Catherine was in her early 40s• Henry asked Pope Clement VII (via Wolsey) for an
annulment based on Lev. 18:16 & 20:21 – He fancied Anne Boleyn– C V (HRE) influenced Clement– NO ANNULMENT
Henrician ReformationHenrician Reformation• The Reformation Parliament (1529-36) and
the twisting of the Papal arm– Charged English Clergy with praemunire– "Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531)– Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532)– Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533)– January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant
Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533.
• The Reformation Parliament (1529-36) and the twisting of the Papal arm– Charged English Clergy with praemunire– "Submission of the Clergy" (May 1531)– Act in Conditional Restraint of Annates (1532)– Act in Restraint of Appeals (1533)– January 1533, Henry VIII married the pregnant
Anne Boleyn, and in May Cranmer dutifully declared the marriage to Catherine invalid. A daughter, Elizabeth, was born in September 1533.
Henrician ReformationHenrician Reformation
• 1534 Act of Supremacy stated simply that the English Monarch (in this case H8) was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”
• 1534 Act of Supremacy stated simply that the English Monarch (in this case H8) was “the only supreme head on earth of the Church of England.”
#2--Anne Boleyn #2--Anne Boleyn [1501-1536][1501-1536]
Anne Boleyn Anne Boleyn MiniatureMiniature
Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I [1546][1546]
Tower of LondonTower of Londonfrom the Airfrom the Air
Tower of London:Tower of London:The Bloody TowerThe Bloody Tower
Tower GreenTower Green[Where Anne Boleyn [Where Anne Boleyn
was Executed]was Executed]
#3--Jane Seymour #3--Jane Seymour [1508-1537][1508-1537]
““Baby” Edward VIBaby” Edward VI
Henry Henry VIII’s VIII’s
FamilyFamily
Henry VIII Henry VIII Medallion: Head of Medallion: Head of
the Church of the Church of EnglandEngland
Sir Thomas More,Sir Thomas More,Lord Chancellor Lord Chancellor
of Englandof England
Henry VIIIHenry VIII
Thomas CromwellThomas Cromwell
#4--Anne of Cleves #4--Anne of Cleves [1515-1557][1515-1557]
Anne of Anne of ClevesCleves
Anne of Cleves Anne of Cleves MiniatureMiniature• Henry referred to
Anne as “The mare of Flanders” and the union was over with very quickly. Hans Holbein, who painted and delivered the portrait of Anne to Henry was fired.
• Henry referred to Anne as “The mare of Flanders” and the union was over with very quickly. Hans Holbein, who painted and delivered the portrait of Anne to Henry was fired.
Henry VIII at Henry VIII at Middle AgeMiddle Age
#5--Katherine Howard #5--Katherine Howard [1525-1542][1525-1542]
Katherine Katherine HowardHoward
Hampton CourtHampton Court[Where Katherine [Where Katherine
Howard Was Arrested]Howard Was Arrested]
#6--Katherine Parr #6--Katherine Parr [1512-1548][1512-1548]
““Prayers and Prayers and Meditations” Meditations” authored by authored by
Katherine ParrKatherine Parr
Katherine Katherine ParrParr
Henry’s Henry’s DeathbedDeathbed
Edward VIEdward VI
Edward VI [r. 1547-Edward VI [r. 1547-1553]1553]
The Edwardian ReformationThe Edwardian Reformation• Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more
concrete changes in English Church doctrine– Cranmer introduces the Book of Common
Prayer (1549) (: /)– The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of
Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.)
– All images in churches to be dismantled– Celibacy no longer required by clergy– Lady Jane Gray named as heir
• Raised as a Protestant, E VI makes more concrete changes in English Church doctrine– Cranmer introduces the Book of Common
Prayer (1549) (: /)– The Act of Uniformity 1549 (An Acte for the unyformytie of
Service and Admynistracion of the Sacramentes throughout the Realme.)
– All images in churches to be dismantled– Celibacy no longer required by clergy– Lady Jane Gray named as heir
Lady Jane Lady Jane GreyGrey
““Ruled” Ruled” England England
from from July 10–19, July 10–19,
15531553
Queen Mary I or Queen Mary I or “Bloody Mary”“Bloody Mary”[r. 1553 – 1558][r. 1553 – 1558]
Philip II & Mary Philip II & Mary TudorTudor
The Marian, or, Catholic Reaction/Restoration
The Marian, or, Catholic Reaction/Restoration
• 1st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed.
• Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate)
• Married Philip II of Spain• All who were found guilty of heresy were
executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs)• Mary dies, 1558, childless
• 1st Act of Parliament was to have H8’s marriage to her mother validated thus invalidating everything that followed.
• Cardinal (Pole) became Archbishop of Canterbury (Cranmer’s fate)
• Married Philip II of Spain• All who were found guilty of heresy were
executed (Foxe’s Book of Martyrs)• Mary dies, 1558, childless
ElizabeElizabeth I,th I,
QueenQueenat last! at last!
r. 1558 - r. 1558 - 1603 1603
Sir William CecilSir William Cecil
Queen Elizabeth I Queen Elizabeth I [1533-1603][1533-1603]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1572][1572]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1580][1580]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1592][1592]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1592][1592]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1600][1600]
Elizabeth I Elizabeth I [1603][1603]
Elizabethan ReformationElizabethan Reformation
• Religion was number one problem– Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since
the RCC considered her illegitimate.– She had witnessed the turmoil brought
about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms.– 1559 Reformation Bill
• Too harsh- does not pass
– 1558 Act of Supremacy– 1558Act of Uniformity
• Religion was number one problem– Hmmm, she could not be Catholic since
the RCC considered her illegitimate.– She had witnessed the turmoil brought
about by E VI’s doctrinal reforms.– 1559 Reformation Bill
• Too harsh- does not pass
– 1558 Act of Supremacy– 1558Act of Uniformity
Map of the Spanish Map of the Spanish Armada RouteArmada Route
Mary of Mary of GuiseGuise
James V of James V of ScotlandScotland
Mary of Scotland’s Mary of Scotland’s ParentsParents
Young Mary StuartYoung Mary Stuart
Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of ScotsScots
Mary Stuart in Mary Stuart in CaptivityCaptivity
Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of ScotsScots
[Before Her [Before Her Execution]Execution]
Execution of Mary of Execution of Mary of ScotlandScotland
Miniature of James I Miniature of James I / VI/ VI
James I [r. 1603 - James I [r. 1603 - 1625]1625]