Upload
keanu
View
40
Download
2
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
The History of East & Southeast Asia. Chapters 27.2 and 30.2. China. Culture begins in Wei River Valley No written records at this time 3,000 BC Some say is even much older Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 BC) In N. China Plain Falls to inner rebellions, nomad invaders, and natural disasters. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
The History of The History of East & East &
Southeast AsiaSoutheast Asia
China• Culture begins in Wei River Valley
– No written records at this time
– 3,000 BCSome say is even much older
• Shang Dynasty (1600-1100 BC)– In N. China Plain
– Falls to inner rebellions, nomad invaders, and natural disasters
** Dynasties followed Mandate of Heaven & Dynastic Cycle **
China• Zhou Dynasty (1100-200 BC)
– Spread Chinese culture (Golden Age)
– Iron tools
– Confucianism & Daoism (Taoism)
(will discuss further w/ culture)
Man Mo Temple in Hong Kong (Taoist)
China• Qin Dynasty (200s BC)
– Expanded territory even further united China
– Began Great Wall- military protection
China• Han Dynasty (200 BC-200 AD
– Cont’d Great Wall
– Records of history greatly improved
• Tang Dynasty (600-900 AD)– Saw “Renaissance” period (govn’t & art
Δs)
– Cont’d Great Wall
– Buddhism grew
China• Song Dynasty (900-1200s)
– Period of peace, trade & educ. advances
– Fell to Mongols
• Ming Dynasty (1400-1600s)– 1st to have Eur. traders come in
• Porcelain vases
– Zheng He reaches E. Africa
China• Qing Dynasty (1600-1900s)
– Last to rule as dynasty
– Minority group- Manchu (not Han)
– Faced many rebellions and wars• Taiping Rebellion 1850-1864• Opium Wars 1830s-1850s
• Guangzhou port forced to be opened to West (1834)
China• Spheres of influence
– claimed in China by Europe and Japan (1890-1899)
• Forced to be open to all for trade
• Revolution ended rule of Qing Dynasty (1911)
China
• Mao Zedong & the Communist Party– 1927-1949
• Military Nationalist Party forms civil war with Communists win (PRC), Nationalists flee to Taiwan (ROC)
China
• Late 1900s–Tibet taken over in 50s Dalai
Lama and Tibetans flee
–Strict communist rule eventually turn to free market
–Taiwan grows strong as democracy w/ export economy
Korea• 1200 BC
– Chinese culture spreads
– Buddhism becomes main religion
– Silla & Koryo Dynasties rule under united Korea
Pulguk Temple (Silla)
Tombs to Silla royalty
Korea• 1300 AD
– China takes Korean Peninsula• Confucianism = basis for Korean govn’t &
daily life
– Often fought over by China & Mongols
– For next ~600 yrs:• Constantly invaded, faced famines turns
to China, but Japan halts aid Japanese colony in 1910 turns to Russian ideals
Korea• 1950-1953
– Divided in 1948: Russia helped North, US helped South get back on feet Communist conflict N invaded S (Korean War) US backed South
– Ended in stalemate
• 2000– Still separate @ cease-fire line– N in despair, S is prosperous– Peace talks held, but nothing
accomplished
Japan– No recorded history until late 600s BC
– Set up in individual clans until 400 AD
• Yamato Dynasty unites country (400)• Ruled with feudal system
– Adopted cultural aspects from China & Korea
– Many today consider Yamato the ethnic group for most Japanese
Japan• 1100 AD
– Armies weaken dynasty rule– Replaced with shoguns
• Minamoto 1st shogun
• 1100s-1800s– Samurais help shoguns
rule, as professional
warriors– All foreign contact is outlawed (isolationism)
Japan• 1854
– US Officer Perry helped end
isolation by opening ports• Forced to sign unfair treaties
• Later 1800s– Meiji Restoration: major Δs back to
imperial rule
Japan• 1890-1940s
– Imperial Japan begins• Takes Taiwan, Manchuria,
Korea (colony)• Nanking Massacre, 1937• This expansion led to
conflict w/ U.S.
• 1945– Defeated in WWII– Lost overseas territory– Works toward democracy
Japan• Late 1900s
– Now global economic power
• Trade and business
Mongolia & Taiwan• Mongolia was communist until 1991
(thanks USSR)…moved to democracy with free market
• “Tale of Two Chinas” summary…please share
Early Civilizations• SE Asian skills & traditions
– Advanced farming, animal domestication/ livestock, metalwork (Thailand 1st = bronze), power & $ thru maternal side
• Early Development– Maritime trade (seafaring), or just
crops for land based countries
Funan Kingdom• Indian traders set up posts in Gulf of
Thailand, – Blend SE Asn & Indn culture (Hinduism/
central govn’t)
• Maritime traders, intense irrigation system
Khmer Empire• Along Mekong R. (almost all
Indochina Pen, & N. Malay Pen)• System of lakes, canals, irrigation
channels 3-4 crops ea. yr.• Angkor Wat
– Hindu temple & tomb for Khmer ruler, built 800 yrs ago
Srivijaya Empire• Island of Sumatra
• Navy controlled valuable straits & taxed traders (Singapore’s econ. based on same straits)
• China Vietnam– Writing system, religion & philosophy, govn’t
(communism later on)
• Islam SE Asia– Traders = Conversion in coastal areas
interior areas– Malacca is impt cultural center for Muslims
• Spheres of Influence SE Asia– Most countries owned, become rivals– Buffer state of Siam created
Western Control• Netherlands: Indonesia
• UK: Burma, Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei
• France: Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos
• US: Philippines (gain thru war)
• Thailand remained free
Western Control• Pros-
– Transportation improvements; expanded industry (mining, oil); created commercial plantations production soared
• Cons-– Plantation profit went to West, forced to
wk on plantations for little $, many immigrants brought in for labor; increased military conflict
• All Westerners forced out by imperialist Japan
• After war, and Japan’s defeat, France wanted control back of Vietnam…– Prelude to Vietnam War
• US would stand up against anything communist (North Vietnam, North Korea, China, USSR, Cuba, Cambodia)
WWII
• France: kicked out by northern communist (1954)
• Ho Chi Minh: led northern Vietnam • Ngo Dinh Diem: led southern Vietnam• Viet Cong: communist rebels in the south• Gulf of Tonkin: attack here brought US in to war• Agent Orange: chemical used to kill jungle • Guerilla Tactics: Viet Cong had power in jungle• Richard Nixon: Withdrew troops, partly due to
protest• “boat people”: Millions fled after, most died
Vietnam War
Governments• List the types of govn’ts.
– Constitutional Monarchy: Brunei/Cambodia/Malaysia/Thailand
– Communist: Laos/Vietnam
– Dem. Rep.: Indonesia/ Philippines/ Singapore
– Military: Myanmar?» Now democratic; presidential republic