The HolocaustThe Holocaust

The “Final Solution”The “Final Solution”

• Hitler’s plan for Hitler’s plan for the Jews was the Jews was NOTNOT set from set from the beginningthe beginning

• It It EVOLVEDEVOLVED over timeover time

4 Stages of the Holocaust4 Stages of the Holocaust

• IdentificationIdentification

•ExpropriationExpropriation

•ConcentrationConcentration

•ExterminationExtermination

IdentificationIdentification• First step seems harmlessFirst step seems harmless

• Identifies the “enemy”Identifies the “enemy”

Nuremberg Laws 1935Nuremberg Laws 1935• Reich Citizenship Law Reich Citizenship Law

- Jews are no longer citizens- Jews are no longer citizens

• The Nuremberg Law for the The Nuremberg Law for the Protection of Blood and Protection of Blood and German HonorGerman Honor

- - no marriage between German and no marriage between German and JewJew

- No Jew can employ in their household - No Jew can employ in their household a German woman under the age of 45 a German woman under the age of 45

- Jews cannot fly the German Flag- Jews cannot fly the German Flag

WHO?WHO?• Jews- 6 million diedJews- 6 million died• 5 million others died5 million others died

- Mentally and Physically Handicapped- Mentally and Physically Handicapped- Gypsies (Roma)- Gypsies (Roma)- Russians- Russians- Poles- Poles- Slavs- Slavs- Homosexuals- Homosexuals- Jehovah Witnesses- Jehovah Witnesses- Political enemies- Political enemies

ExpropriationExpropriation• Taking the Jewish Taking the Jewish

WealthWealth

• Jews lost their jobsJews lost their jobs

• Businesses were taken Businesses were taken from themfrom them

• Special taxes were Special taxes were placed on themplaced on them

KristallnachtKristallnacht• Nov. 9-11 1938: The Nov. 9-11 1938: The

Night of Broken GlassNight of Broken Glass

• Germans destroy Germans destroy JewishJewish

- synagogues- synagogues

- businesses- businesses

- cemeteries- cemeteries

• Thousands sent to Thousands sent to DachauDachau

• Turning Point Turning Point

Austria 1938Austria 1938

ConcentrationConcentration• Ghettos established in Ghettos established in

E. Europe to isolate E. Europe to isolate the Jewsthe Jews

• After war beganAfter war began

• Located near rail linesLocated near rail lines

• Walled in and Walled in and entrances guardedentrances guarded

• Death rate skyrockets Death rate skyrockets from starvation and from starvation and diseasedisease

The gate of Dachau concentration camp in Germany. “Work will

set you free”

EinzatsgruppenEinzatsgruppen• Mobile killing unitsMobile killing units

• Follows invasion of Russia Follows invasion of Russia in 1941in 1941

• Shot Jews and disposed of Shot Jews and disposed of bodies in mass gravesbodies in mass graves

• Process ends due toProcess ends due to

- effect on German - effect on German soldierssoldiers

- not efficient enough- not efficient enough

Single largest massacre occurred in Babi Yar just

outside of Kiev 33,000 Jewish men, women, and children are

killed

ExterminationExtermination• Wannsee Wannsee

ConferenceConference

• Transported to Transported to campscamps

• Gassed and Gassed and bodies bodies crematedcremated

Where?

Chelmno was the first death camp. Prisoners

died in Gas vans

Gates of Auschwitz

The other Death camps were:TreblinkaSobiborBelzecMajdonekAuschwitz/Birkenau

If chosen to DieIf chosen to Die

The Germans told the prisoners they were

being sent to the showers but they were actually gas chambers

Inside a gas chamber in the Majdonek Death

Camp

The Gas was put in through this hole in the

ceiling

The The canisters of canisters of Poisonous Poisonous

Gas known Gas known as Zyclon Bas Zyclon B

Bodies were taken to the crematorium and burned

The crematorium in Majdonek

Part of the Monument at Majdonek where

the human ashes are kept

Hill of Ashes – First Memorial

At Auschwitz-Birkenau the Germans

destroyed the 4 Gas chambers before they

escaped

These gas chambers were the largest ever built by the Germans.

They were a combination dressing

room, gas chamber, and crematorium.

If chosen to Live

People who were kept alive to work were tattooed with a

number

Prisoners Prisoners were known were known

by their by their number not number not their nametheir name

They also had their hair shaved

Some prisoners wore striped

uniforms others wore old clothes

Prisoners were Prisoners were kept alive to workkept alive to work

In the In the concentration concentration

camp Mauthausen camp Mauthausen prisoners carried prisoners carried heavy stones up heavy stones up

stairs known as the stairs known as the stairway of deathstairway of death

Some people were kept alive for Some people were kept alive for medical experimentsmedical experiments

How long can a person survive in freezing cold water?

High High Altitude Altitude

ExperimentExperiment

LiberationLiberation

Impact of the HolocaustImpact of the Holocaust• Nuremberg Trials Nuremberg Trials

- Nazi war criminals - Nazi war criminals put on trialput on trial

- crimes against - crimes against humanityhumanity

• Jewish Homeland of Jewish Homeland of IsraelIsrael

- UN establishes in - UN establishes in 19481948

Questions?Questions?