Distribution System Operator (DSO)

Jina Bhagwandas, MSc. (Mechanical Engineering)

Product Developer – Liander

The impact of nearly zero energy housing on

the low voltage grid

Vincent Dekker, MSc. (Physics & Astronomy)

Medior Consultant Innovation & Strategy - Liander

12th IEA Heat Pump Conference Rotterdam 2017- Workshop Smart grids in smart cities

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Content

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Introduction

Nearly zero energy residence

Measurement results

Possible solutions

I want to have zero on

my meter

Together we can do this faster and smarter!

Netherlands

~ 3,4 million km

electricity cables

Liander maintains 26%

~ 1,4 million km

gas pipelines

Liander maintains 26%

Supplies consumers

with gas and electricity

each day

Gas (direct & indirect)

Coal

• Netherlands (next to Luxemburg)

has the highest gas demand

compared to the rest of Europe

Energy demands in

households

Shift from gas to electricity

More and more heat pumps are applied in

residences

Predicted in 2020: ~ 0.5 million heatpumps

of the 7,7 millions households in the

Netherlands

Heat pumps have an influence on the

electricity grid!

Introduction 3 1 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

Many new demands have impact on the electrical grid

Introduction 3 2 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

Reinforcing the grid is slow and very expensive

Introduction 3 3 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

Costs are divided between society

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Content

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Introduction

Nearly zero energy residence

Measurement results

Possible solutions

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my meter

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Construction measures: highly insulation

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2 Technical installations:

In – and outgoing energy flows are zero on a yearly basis

What is a nearly zero energy residence

Introduction 3 4 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

Component Insulation value Unit

Floors 5 K.m2/W Wall (outside) 6 K.m2/W Wall (inside) 0,5 K.m2/W

Windows 0,7 K.m2/W Roof 6 K.m2/W

Component Power Unit

Air source heatpump + extra heating element

1,6 2,0

kW kW

Heat recovory ventilation 1,4 kWp Solar panels 8,9 kWp

Inverter 7,0 kW

The impact of nearly zero energy residences was determined through

data analysis of measurements on the low voltage grids

- 32 nearly zero energy residences

- 35 comparable residences (without extra technical installations and

extra construction measures)

Measurements on the low voltage grid

- Winter period:

October 2016 – February 2017

- Autumn period:

August - September 2016

Measurement period

- Typical Dutch houses in a row

- 3 floors and an area of 80 m2

- Social rented houses

- Inhabitants: 3-5 inhabitants

Housing type

Introduction 3 5 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

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Content

1

2

3

4

Introduction

Nearly zero energy residence

Measurement results

Possible solutions

I want to have zero on

my meter

Together we can do this faster and smarter!

Introduction 3 6 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

The demand load winter profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is significant higher

than the demand load winterprofile of reference housings

W

Weather conditions

Conclusions

Dataset

• 6th of January 2017 – day with the highest peak

load and day with the lowest temperature of the

measured winter period.

• Minimum T: - 6,5 ℃

• Maximum T: -0,3 ℃

• Average T: -3,0 ℃

2,7 kW (18:24)

- 0,5 kW (13:44)

• Difference in electricity

usage of NZEH and

reference housings is 1-

1,6 kW for the demand

load which is comparable

with the nominal load of

the heatpump.

• Highest demand peaks

occured in the evening.

• Extra morning demand

peak for NZEH probably

due to domestic hot

water usage.

Mild, dry and sunny winter

Introduction 3 7 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

The load autumn profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is also higher than the

demand load autumn profile of reference housings

W

Weather conditions

Conclusions

Dataset

• 5th of August – day with the highest feed-in peak

• Minimum T: 15,6 ℃

• Average T: 17,6 ℃

0,7 kW (18:07)

- 6,3 kW (12:51)

• Difference in electricity

usage of NZEH and

reference housings is 0,1

– 0,5 kW for the demand

load.

• Highest feed-in peak

occured in the late

morning

• Feed-in peak in autumn

is higher than demand

peak in winter.

• Feed-in profile is very

volutile. May cause

voltage and current

problems on the grid.

Quite warm and sunny autumn

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Content

1

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3

4

Introduction

Nearly zero energy residence

Measurement results

Possible solutions

I want to have zero on

my meter

Together we can do this faster and smarter!

Introduction 3 8 Nearly zero energy residence Measurement results Possible solutions

• Conventional electricity network

is designed around 1,2 – 2 kW

• New networks are engineered for

maximum peak demands

Facts electricity network

• How to stay within the limits of the current

electricity network?

• What is the maximum peak demand for heat pumps at temperatures of ~ -12 ℃ ?

Challenges for the grid operator

Demand response and energy storage

• Feed-in peaks can be reduced by peak-

shaving without affecting comfort.

• Buffer of the heat pump can also be used to

store the energy from the PV panels.

• In combination with smart/intelligent devices

peak demands of heat pumps can be

controlled by maximum 25% (maintaining

adequate comfort).

• Potential peak reduction due to energy

storage is dependent on system size.

(Practical) requirement Design of the heatpump

• No extra electrical heater in

the design of the heat

pump?

• Searching other ways to

capture peak demands?

• Collaboration of concerned

parties in the heat pump

industry and the grid

operator more network

friendly heatpumps?

• Connect heat pumps and

solar panels symmetrical

over the three phases even

if the grid is reinforced,

because the capacity of the

three different phases are

determined by individual

load of the phases.

15

THANKYOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION!

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my meter

Together we can do this faster and smarter! Let’s solve this network challenge together!

16

APPENDIX

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my meter

Together we can do this faster and smarter!

Will be used for the discussion in case it is needed

The averge demand load winter profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is significant

higher than the average demand load winterprofile of reference housings

W

Weather conditions

Dataset

• Aggregated maximum

demand and feed-in

load profile per

household over the

measured period

• Measured period:

Oktober 2016 –

February 2017

• Minimum T: - 6,5 ℃

• Maximum T: 7,0 ℃

• Average T: 3,8 ℃

2,7 kW (18:13)

- 3,5 kW (12:41)

Mild, dry and sunny winter

The profile is shown in UTC time zone.

Winter profile: +1 hour

Summer profile: +2 hours

The averge load autumn profile of nearly zero energy housings (NZEH) is higher than the

average demand load autumn profile of reference housings

1,2 kW (18:03)

- 6,3 kW (12:33)

Dataset

• Aggregated maximum

demand and feed-in

load profile per

household over the

measured period

• Measured period:

August – September

2016

W

Weather conditions

• Minimum T: 15,6 ℃

• Average T: 17,6 ℃

Quite warm and sunny

autumn

The profile is shown in UTC time zone.

Winter profile: +1 hour

Summer profile: +2 hours