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The Internet for Beginners
presented by Kathy Schrock
The Itinerary
• Introduction to the Internet
• Segments of the Internet
• Introduction to the browser
• How to speak "URL"
• Curriculum tie-ins
• How to find what you want
What is the Internet?• Computers connected together are called a
network.
• Networks let computers share programs and information.
• The Internet is a network of many smaller networks made up of millions of personal computers connected to thousands of host servers.
Everyone’s computer connected!
Segments of the Internet
• World Wide Web
• Gopher
• Telnet
• FTP
• Newsgroups
World Wide Web (WWW)
• Includes text and pictures
• Hypertext and non-linear
• Sound and video can be accessed
• Point-and-click
• Use a Web browser to access
Example of a WWW Page
Gopher
• Text-based
• Menu-driven and linear
• Precursor to World Wide Web
• Accessible through a Web browser
Example of a Gopher page
Telnet
• A way of using distant computers as if you were right there in person
• Used to access large databases, like libraries
• Need a special Telnet program to use
Example of a Telnet session
Electronic Mail (E-mail)
• Electronic mail allows you to send and receive electronic messages
• Fast and convenient
• Can also include attachments like files and pictures with e-mail messages
Example of Netscape Mail
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
• FTP is a way to share files and programs
• Download files from large archives to your own computer
• Done via the browser or a special piece of FTP software
Example of FTP Archive
Newsgroups
• Bulletin-board discussion groups based on various topics
• Thousands exist
• A good place to get information about an area of interest
• Remember that the responses come from all types of people
Example of Newsgroup Reader
Using The World Wide Web
Web Browsers
• A computer program that lets you access the WWW and “browse” the Internet for information
• Common browsers :
Netscape Navigator
Internet Explorer
Mosaic
Web Sites
• A single group of many pages dealing with the same topic and written by the same person is called a Web site.
• A Web site is like a magazine with many articles. A home page is like a front cover that tells what is inside.
Hypertext Links
• Underlined words on a Web page that allow you to jump to another place or Web page
• They look like this : the survey included
• Hidden codes are attached to these words
• This coding is called Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
More on Links
• The links might be in the form of pictures such as
• Links might lead to text, video, or sounds• When you move your cursor over a link, it turns
into a pointing finger
The Browser Toolbar : Netscape
To go forward one page
To go to the home page
To find a word on that page
To print that page
To stop a page from loading
To move backward one page
To open a dialog box to type a URL
The Browser Toolbar : Internet Explorer
To movebackwardone page
To moveforwardone page
Stop
Refresh
Start Page
Searchthe Net
Read Newsgroups
Open Favorites
Add toFavorites
ChangeFont Size
EditSource
SendOpen
Uniform Resource Locators
• A URL is the unique address assigned to each page on the Internet
• Your browser uses the URL to find information located on another computer and to retrieve the corresponding page situated on that server
Anatomy of a URLhttp://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/eval.htm
Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Address of ISP
Networkdomain
Directory on the server
File name (HTML format)
Different Protocols on the Net
http:// hypertext transfer protocol (WWW)
ftp:// file transfer protocol
gopher:// gopher site
news: newsgroup
telnet://telnet
mailto: e-mail address
Different Domains on the Net
.com commercial
.net network
.edu educational
.org organization
.net network
.mil military
.gov government
Speaking “URL”
http://www.capecod.net/~kschrock/index.htm
h-t-t-p colon slash slash
w-w-w dot capecod dot net
slash tilde kschrock
slash index dot htm
Curriculum Tie-Ins
Curriculum Tie-Ins
• E-mail projects
• Internet resources for teachers
• Internet curriculum integration
• WebQuests
E-Mail Projects
E-Mail Projects
•Person-to-person exchanges
•Information collections
•Problem-solving projects
Harris, Judy. Way of the Ferret. ISTE, 1994
Person-to-Person Exchanges
• Keypals : e-mail penpals
• Global classrooms : 2 or more classrooms studying the same topic
• Electronic appearances by special guests
• Electronic mentoring by subject experts
• Impersonations : participants communicate with each other in character
Information Collections
• Information exchanges : jokes, slang, etc.
• Electronic publishing : collaborative
• TeleField Trips : sharing real field trips electronically with others
• Pooled data analysis : data collected at various sites and combined in a database
Problem-Solving Projects
• Information searches : collaborative hunts
• Electronic process writing : peer edits
• Sequential creation of a poem, story, etc.
• Parallel problem-solving : answers to a posed question shared electronically
• Simulations in "real" time
• Social action projects : action-oriented
Locating Online Projects•E-mail Classroom Exchange
http://www.iglou.com/xchange/ece/index.html
•Newsgroups http://www.indiana.edu/~eric_rec/comatt/nwsgrps.html
•Listservs http://k12.cnidr.org:90/lists.html
•Web sites for educatorshttp://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/ed.htm
Internet Resources for Teachers
Internet Resources for Teachers
•Lesson plans
•Curriculum support materials
•Professional development activities
•Grant searching
•Communication with others
•Collaboration locally and globally
Internet Curriculum Integration
Internet Curriculum Integration
•Use of the Internet to supplement existing curriculum
•Unique tools available on the Internet
•Students actively involved in learning
•Students construct their own knowledge
Samples of Activities
Taken from :
Offutt, Dr. Elizabeth Rhodes and Charles R. Offutt. Internet without fear. NJ : Good Apple, 1996.
Spirographs and Math!http://juniper.tc.cornell.edu:8000/spiro/spiro.html
•Site with a program to generate Spirograph designs on the computer
•Help students enter integers at the site for the radii of the fixed and rotating circles
•Challenge your students to re-create the design with a real Spirograph
•Students can travel with Columbus on a virtual field trip
•Have students create a Hyperstudio presentation using information from this site
•Have students change the situations and therefore the outcomes
1492 Columbushttp://www.millersv.edu/~columbus/
Food Guide Pyramid
•Site provides information about the food pyramid and an illustration
•Have students create a survey for their classmates to find out how healthy their eating habits are and enter the results in a database or spreadsheet
http://www.servtech.com/public/cecarlin/maypotm/food.htm
International Games
•This site contains information about popular games in other parts of the world
•Discuss the differences between games played in the US and the world
•Have students mark a world map with names and locations of the sports
http://www.usa1.com/gands/
The Great Penny Toss
•This site allows students to collect data and participate in a worldwide, data-
collection project
•Incorporate this site into a unit on statistics
•E-mail the results to the project
http://ralphbunche.rbs.edu/RBS_Forms/RBS.html
WebQuest
An inquiry-oriented activity in which some or all of the information that learners interact with comes from
resources on the Internet
Critical Attributes of a WebQuest
• Introduction
• Interesting task
• A set of information sources both print and Internet
• Process description
• Guidance in organizing information
• Conclusion
Further WebQuest Information
http://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/
webquest/webquest.htm
How To Find What You Want
Directories vs. Search Engines
Directories• Lists of Web sites
added by a human• May be general or
subject-specific• Yahoo : general• Kathy Schrock's
Guide for Educators : subject-specific
Search engines• An index built by a
computer program that goes out and collects data
• More inclusive than a directory
• Keyword searchable
Successful Searching
•Combining terms is called Boolean logic
•Combine terms to both expand and limit your search
•Most search engines have an advanced feature that allows this
Boolean Logic : AND
Limits your search
Women & History
Only returns pages with both of these terms on them
Boolean Logic : OR
Broadens your search
Women or History
Returns every page with either of these terms on them
Boolean Logic : NOT
Limits your search
Women not History
Only returns pages that contain one but not the other term on them
Sites to Refer To
•Kathy Schrock's Guide for Educators
http://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/
•WebQuests in Our Future : The Teacher's Role in Cyberspace
http://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/webquest/webquest.htm
•Differences Between Search Engines and Directories
http://www.capecod.net/schrockguide/mystery/mystery1.htm
