THE IONAT

Vol. ll No.3 Published Quarterly by the National Democratic lnstitute for lnternational Affairs December 1986

MON DALE ASSUMES NDI CHAIRMANSHIP. . . ...ADDRESSESINTERNATIONAL

On September 5, NDI's Board of Direc-tors met to elect former Vice PresidentWalter F. Mondale as the lnstitute's newChairman, succeeding Charles T. Manatt.Mondale had served as NDI's HonoraryChairman since June 1985. ln acceptinghis new position, Mondale lold the Boardhe would assume an active lnternationalrole as Chairm an. "l view the work of NDIas a reflection of the deep commitment ofthe American people towards human rightsas well as the Democratic Party's traditionaleffort to advance international coopera'fion, " he said.

Mondale's first duty as Chairman was tolead an NDI delegatìon to the annual Con-gress of the Liberal lnternational in Ham-burg, West Germany, where he deliveredthe keynote address. The delegation in-cluded Board Members Peter Kelly andElliot Kulick as well as NDI President BrianAtwood and Executive Vice President Ken-neth Wollack. Also representing the ln-stitute were Professor Ralph Goldman, anexpert on international relations amongpolìtical parties, and Andrew Sundbergof Democrats Abroad.

NDI was warmly received by the Liberallnternational, which had recently voted to

admit the lnstitute as an "official observermember." ln welcoming party representa-tives from 40 countries, Ll PresidenlGiovanni Malagodi described NDI's pres-ence as "one of the great events of[Liberal International's] hÌstory." A senatorin the ltalian legislature, Malagodi alsopraised Mondale's speech for setting out"the basls on which our cooperation isfounded and from [which] we can moveforward."

One of four major international groupingsof political parties from Europe, Latìn Amer-ica, Afrlca, and Asia, the Liberal lnterna-tional regularly convenes to debate eco-nomic and political issues and maintaincooperative relatìons. NDI also participatesat meetings of the other "political interna-tionals"-the Christian Democratic lnterna-tional, the Socìalist lnternational, and thenewly formed lnternational Democrat Unìon

During his visit, Mondale also met withformer West German Chancellor HelmutSchmidt and the Mayor of Hamburg, Klausvon Dohnanyi. Soon after his return toWashìngton, the new NDI Chairman wasvisited by Foreìgn Minister Hans DìetrichGenscher, who was accompaning Chan-cellor Helmut Kohl on a state visit.l

CONGRESS

NDI Chairman Walter Mondale delivers keynoteaddress at Liberal International Congress in Ham-burg, West Germany.

Following are excerpts from Mondale'sOctober 3 speech to the Liberal lnterna-tional Congress:

ln this room are many old friends andcolleagues from days when I had the pri-

vilege of representing my country in an offì-cial capacity. I have now assumed a newrole-that of Chairman of the NationalDemocratic lnstitute, as of yesterday, anobserver member of the Liberal lnterna-tional.

It is appropriate that my first duty asChairman is to represent our lnstitute herein Germany. Some forty years ago, ourGerman colleagues saw a need for politicalparty foundations that would provide insti-tutional support for democracy. Today,foundations, or Stiftungs-named after ìndi-viduals who are synonymous with Germandemocracy-Naumann, Adenauer, Ebertand Seidel-provide strong support fordemocracy around the world.

The National Democratic lnstitute, NDl,was modelled after our German counter-parts. ln the short time of our existence, wehave provided support to a variety ofdemocratic institutions in over 30 countries.We have worked on a nonpartisan basìs tostrengthen political parties and govern-ments in socìelies ìn transition and in thenew democracies, Many of you have

Former Vice President Walter F. Mondale al NDI Board of Directors meeting ls congratulated by ViceChair Madeleine Albright upon his elect¡on as Chairman of the lnstltute.

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The National Democratic lnstitute was created by the National Endowment for Democracy Act in 1983 to encourage democratic developmentefforts throughoutthe world. A non-profit, non-partisan organization, its central purpose ls fo help individuals and institutions oufslde il?e UnlfedSfafesbecome effective part¡c¡pants in democratic sysfems.

ADDRESS con'l Írom pg. 1

worked w¡th us in places such as the Phil-ippines, Chile, Korea, Argenlina, Senegaland Brazil. We only hope one day that wewill be judged as successful in our endeav-ors as have the Stiftungs of West Germany.

I believe our acceptance by this body isa significant event. lt represenls on yourpart the culmination of President Mala-godi's effort to expand the reach of yourinternational to North America, first toCanada, and now to the Uniled Slates.And on our part, il demonstrates a newcomm¡tment to join communities of like-minded political parties and to seek part-ners in our effort lo strengthen democraticpolitical systems around the world.

Since its inception, your organization hasconlributed greaÌly to the development ofilberal thought. I am gratified that so manyin lhe Democratic Party whom I haveknown and been influenced by-Franklinand Eleanor Roosevelt, Harry Truman,Adlai Stevenson, John and Robert Ken-nedy, Martin Luther King, and my goodfriend from Minnesota, Hubert Humphrey

.have influenced your thinking and havebecome a part of your legacy as well asour own.

What these Americans share with thegreal liberal philosophers and politicians isa belief in the worth and dignity of the indi-vidual. Centuries of experience w¡th humanrelatronships have led us lo respect plural-ist politics and all that reinforces it: the ruleof law, free speech, freedom of associa-tron. separation of church and state, civiliancontrol of the military, and all those othert;asic principles of polilical organizationand procedure that comprise successfuldemocralic qovernmenls.

Above all, we believe in debate, in thesharing of oprnions. Some would say thatour tolerance for discusslon is excessive.But discussion does not hinder the deci,sron'making process. lt enhances the endproduct. As John Stuart Mill observed,"Wrong oprnions gradually yreld to fact andargutùent: but lacts and argumen¿s, to pro-dttce any eÍlect on the mind, must bebrought before it."

Thrs may be the most significant effect olllìe entry into your ranks of an Americanl)¿lrty rnslitute. For forty years the United

opin¡ons. To join with you in a dialogue thatwill hopefully produce that greater truthtoward which civilization should alulaysstrive.

The challenges facing democracy aremany and varied. lt is now time for alldemocrats-be lhey Liberals, ChristianDemocrats, Conservatives, or Social Dem-ocrats-to join together to compete withideologies which consider pluralism andopenness the enemies of the State.

Where people are oppressed by govern-ments, we should be encouraging individ-uals and parties of all democratic persua-s:ons to join together. We should offermoral support and oulside sustenance tothose willing to risk their lives for theirprinciples.

ln the new democracies where institu-tions are in transition and the system isfragile, we should respond to requests forassistance. Polilical parties and other insti-tutions whose organizations have atrophiedunder dictatorships need help in perform-ing their vital democralic functions.

The machinery of democratic govern-ment may require re-examination andregeneralion as well. Experience with ourown systems can be relevant to those

process.Political parties cannot perform their

function in modern society in the absenceof a vigorous, free press. Here, too, wecan share our experiences with the newdemocracies where freedom is not alwaysimmediately accompanied by responsìbil-ity. And we can share our outrage andcondemnation when governments exerciseunfair influence over journalists.

"Those who cherish thetenets of liberal demo-cracy should feel obligedto share their values andexperiences."

Those who cherish the tenets of liberaldemocracy should feel obliged to sharetheir values and experiences. Democracyis, after all, the most difficult form of govern-ment. lts most effective experts are thosewho live day to day with its challenges.

I want to call your attention to one short-coming all of our parlies and governmentsshare: we have failed to involve womenfully in our political systems.

We must begin now to address this fail-ure, for our democratic systems cannotthrive when we virtually exclude half of ourpeople from positions of influence. lt is notgood enough to advocate policies basedon the prÌnciple of equality of the sexes.Our parties should be at the forefront ingiving women an opportunity to influencethose policies from a place inside our exec-ulive councils and our governments.

Much is expected of your parties be-cause you have promised such a stronginlellectual foundation for the concept ofdemocracy. Above all, you have estab-lished that freedom is a necessary con-dition for individual creativity and socialprogress. I

Mondale answers questions from the press following his speech before the Liberal lnternational. To Mon-dale's r¡ght is Ll President Giovanni Malagodi.

"The challenges facing democracy are many and varied.It is now time for all democrats-be they Liberals, Chris-tian Democrats, Conservatives, or Social Democrats-to join together to compete with ideologies which con-sider pluralism and openness the enemies of the State."

Statcs. llowevcr re[lctar'ìtly. lras played alcadrng role rn world affarrs Many of therssLrcs aciclressecl by your Congressesllavc rnvolved tlre pohcres of rny countryYcl. wc were not here. either to offer anAnlcncan perspecltve or. r-rrore srgnrfr-car'ìtly. [o llear and understand yours.

Wc are llere now To Lsten To offer

seeking to improve through reform.We must respond to requests for interna.

tronal observers. as we drd in the Philippines, where the sanctity of the ballot boxwas al risk. Free and fair elections are vilalto renew democracy. We must work to,gether as a community of democracies tohelp ensure the integrity of the elecloral

GONGRESSIONAL VIGTORYThe Congress has approved a $15 mil-

lion appropriations for fiscal year 1987 tothe National Endowment for Democracy(NED), a major grant-making organizationto NDl.

By a vote of 79 to 19, the Senate turnedback an amendment by Senator DaleBumpers (D Ark.) to eliminate all fundingfor the Endowment. The House had earlierrejected a similar proposal 228 Io 121 .

Bumpers had originally planned to offera proposal to transfer all NED money tothe Fulbright exchange program, whichhad been cut in the Appropriations Com-mittee. However, Senators Claiborne Pell(D-R.1.) and Paul Simon (D lll.), both pro-ponents of NED and the Fulbright pro-gram, introduced an amendment to restorethe cuts by transferring funds from U.S,embassy construction. The Simon-Pellamendment passed by voice vote. Bum-pers then offered his amendment to simplyeliminate funding for the Endowment.

The $15 million appropriations for NEDis $2.2 million less than the current year'sfunding level and $5.1 million below theAdministration request.

The Senate vote and debate demon-strated growing support for the work ofNDl. No amendments were offered thisyear against Endowment grants to the twopolitical development institutes, NDI andthe National Republican lnstitute. In 1985,the Senate narrowly defeated such a pro-posal 44 to 43.1 ln fact, a number of keySenators viewed NDI programs as essen-tial to the work of the Endowment.l

Sen. Edward M. Kennedy(D-Mass.)

"NDl has played a ma¡or role in pro-viding practical asslstance to demo-crat¡c parties and inst¡tut¡ons in Chile,Haiti, South Korea, [Northern] lreland,Argentina and Brazil."

Sen. Claiborne Pell(D-R.1.)

"NDl and its Republican counter-part played a very useful role as elec-tion obseruers in the Philippines andthus helped insure that FerdinandMarcos did not get away with stealingthe elections."

Sen. Thomas F. Eagleton(D-Mo.)

"The National Democratic lnstitutefor lnternational Affairs, working withthe SocialDemocratic and LabourParty of Northern lreland, has dev-eloped a program to strengthen theSDLP by helping it create an institutefor party-building and educat¡ondeve lo p me nt activ itie s."

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Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan(D-N.Y.)

"ln the Philippines, Haiti, Northernlreland, and elsewhere around theworld, important progress is beingmade in fostering democracy-progress that must continue."

Sen. Carl Levin(D-Mich.)

"l have been particularly impressedby the work of the NationalDemocratic I nstitute for I nternationalAffairs (NDl), which has undertaken anumber of innovative projects to pro-vide concrete support for politicalinstitutions abroad, institutions criticalto the maintenance of democracy inmany Third World countries."

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EAGLETON

RECEIVES

NDI DEMOCRACY

AWARDNDI presented its first annual W. Averell

Harrlman Democracy Award to SenatorThomas F. Eaglelon for his contribution todemocratic principles and human rights.NDI Board Chairman Walter Mondalebestowed the award, an Astral crystalglobe, at NDI's annual luncheon, held onNovember 7 in Washington, DC.

Speaking on behalf of the lnstitute'sBoard of Directors, Mondale said the Har-riman Award symbolized NDI's dedicationto democracy and internatìonalism. "Fornearly 20 years in Washington, Tom Eagle-ton played an important role in thesearenas," Mondale said. "He has used hrsSenafe office to champion human rightsand has never hesitated to condemngovernments of the left or right for theirabuses of power."

The luncheon audience of 400, includìngseveral dozen Members of Congress andforeìgn ambassadors, listened to a pro-gram marked by both good humor and aserious discussion of the lnstitute'sdemocratic development prog rams.

Speaking for his congressional col-leagues, Senator George Mitchell (D-Me)paid tribute to his fellow Senator. "Iheaward named for the preeminent servant ofthe American democracy can have no bet-ter recipient," Mitchell said. "He has beendevoted to democracy from his first days intheSenate..."

Political commentator Mark Shields, whoonce served as a consultant to Eagleton,roasted his former client with a barrage ofgood-natured barbs.

Prior to presenting the award, NDI Presi-dent Brian Atwood read a statement fromthe Governor's widow, Pamela Harriman."/ send my hearlfelt congratulations toSenator Tom Eagleton. . . /¿ /s appropriatethat the spirit of Averell's work will be keptalive by this annual award given by theNational Democratic Institute," she said.

Mondale's remarks included reminis-cences about the days when he and Eagle-ton both served as attorneys general andsenators from their respective states. lnaddition to delivering a tribute to the Sena-tor's legislative achievements, Mondaleannounced that Eagleton would become amember of NDI's Board following his retire-ment from the Senate in January.

ln accepting the award, Eagleton com-mended NDI for its work in "fostering anddeveloping" democracy around the world."We can shþ arms, we can ship food andmedicine, but we cannot create a demo-cracy unless the too/s of democracy canbe put in place," he said.I

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SenatorThomas F. Eagleton receives NDI's W AverellHarriman DemocracyAward atWashinglon, D.C.

luncheon. To Eagleton's right is the Astral crystal globe that NDI will present annually to an individualwho has made a significant contribution to democracy.

DEMOGRATIC DEVELOPMENT IN LIBERIA

Senator John Kerry (D-Mass.) speaks to Liberian party leaders at NDI symposium on Capitol Hill.

Liberian polilical and civic leaders metwith NDI and Members of Congress to ex-plore current impediments to full demo-cracy in that West African nation. Theone-day seminar on Capitol Hill focused oncurrent political and economic develop-ments, in preparation for a future programin Monrovia.

Former F¡nance Minister and politicalactivist Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf was a specialparticipant. After imprisonment and subse-quent threats from the government, sheescaped Liberia only days before the

semtnar.Discussions focused on human rights

issues and the delerioration of Liberia'seconomic infrastructure. A number of parti-cipanls argued that only new electionscould lead to real economic and politicalchange in Liberia. Others, however, pro-posed possible interim measures.

Senator John Kerry (D-Mass.) briefed thegroup on Senate Foreign Relations Com-mittee activitìes and prospects for legisla-tion to encourage democratic reform inLiberia,I

CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM IN ARGENTINA

NDI sponsored a consultation in Octoberwith a delegation of Argentìne congress-men and academics as part of NDI's ongo-ing project on constitutional and legislativereform in Argentina. The Washington con-sultation reviewed the current status of thereform effort in Argentina in preparation fora major international conference to be heldin Buenos Aires next year.

The Buenos Aires conference, spon-sored by NDl, will bring together leadingpoliticians and constltutional experts fromEurope, Latin America, Asla and the U.S.to help further the national discussionwithin Argentina on constitutional and leg-islative reform.

"The Buenos Aires conference, sponsored by NDl, willbring together leading politicians and const¡tutionalexperts from Europe, Lat¡n America, Asia and the U.S."

man Schwartz from the American Univer-sity; Professor Alejandro Garro of ColumbìaUniversity; NDI consultant Curt Cutter; VicJohnson, Stalf Director of the House For-

eign Affairs Subcommittee on WesternHemisphere Affairs; Professor EusubioMujal-Leon of Georgetown University; Pro-fessor Ralph Goldman; and Robert Gold-win, Co-Director of Constitutional Studìes atthe American Enterprise lnstitute. Also inattendance were Mr. Gottfried Wuest, Ex-

ecutive Vice Chairman of West Germany'sFriedrich Naumann Foundation, and Dr.

Juergen Wickert, Washington Representa-tive of the Foundation.

The upcoming conference in Buenos

The NDI workshop was particularly time-ly, since the transitional government hadrecently announced a timetable forlegislative and presidenlial elections in1987. Political parties have a critical role toplay in this process. However, under theDuvalier regime meaningful political partyactivity was prohibited. As a result, manyparties in Haiti presently lack the organiza-tional and technìcal skills necessary to con-duct electron campaigns.

The workshop sessions focused on cru-cial issues of democratic development andthe major roles and responsibilities of poli-tical parties ìn an emerging democracy.Specìfic constitutional systems and elec-toral codes were reviewed, as were funda-mental aspects of polìtical party organiza-tion and resource development.

Senior officials and party leaders fromCosta Rica, the Dominican Republic,Jamaica, Senegal, St. Lucia and Venezuelashared their unique national experiences inthe development of democratìc ìnstitulionswith their Haitian counterparts.

U.S. participants and workshop leadersincluded: Larry Garber, Director of theElection Observer Project, I nternationalHuman Rights Law Group; Juan ManuelGarcia-Passalacq ua, Professor of Law,University of Puerto Rìco; Anthony Main-got, Professor of Sociology, Florida lnterna-tional University; Mark Siegel, formerExecutive Director, Democratic NationalCommittee; and Boyce Slayman, SeniorFellow, McCormack lnstitute of PublicAffaìrs, University of Massachusetts.

Representative Sam Gejdenson (D-Conn.)made a special contribution to the work-shop by providìng insìghts on the mecha-nisms of election campaigns. He also dìs-cussed the specìal role of politicians indemocratic societies, enumerating keyethical and practical considerations forpolitical party leaders.

Jamaica's Minister of Social Security, Dr,Neville Gallimore, was another key parlici-pant. Gallimore recounted his personal rolein persuading former President Jean-Claude Duvalier to leave Haiti in earlyFebruary.

At the conclusion of the meeting, theHaitian partlcipants agreed to meet peri-odically upon their return to Haiti. Theyalso reached consensus on the need forpractical mechanisms, such as an indepen-dent election commìssion, to implement theelection timetable set by the transitionalgovernment. Finally, they agreed on theimportance of civic education programsthat will introduce the concepts and prac-tices of democracy to the largely illiteratepopulation.

NDI is already planning specific follow-up programs. The lnstitute will sponsor aproject on the election process in Haiti laterthis month and will help implement a large-scale civic education project with key Hai-tian civic, religious and political institulions.I

During the'consultation, the Argentineparticipants-representing the rulingRadical Party, the opposition JustìcialistaParty and Presìdent Alfonsin's constitu-tional reform commission-provided theirindividual assessments of current develop-ments in Argentina's constitutional reformprogram. They highlighted such-majorissues as the nature of political participationby the public, .i";e role of political parties,and the relatìonship of the church and themilitary to the constitutional system. Theyalso stressed the need to better define theroles of the national and state governmentsas well as the relationship between theexecutive, legislative and judicial branchesof the federal system.

The U.S. participants offered theirinsights on issues that have traditionallythreatened democratic systems and dis-cussed the experiences in the U.S. andelsewhere on constitutional and legìslativereform.

The consultation resulted in a workingagenda for the upcomìng Buenos Airesconference which would cover the follow-ing topics: the nature of federalism anddivision of powers; the function of the leg-islative branch; constitutional guarantees ofindividual, social, and economic righls; therole of political parties and civic organiza-tions; and the promotion of political partici-pation by the Argentine public,

The Argentine participants at the consul-tation included Dr. Carlos Nino, Chairmanof the Council for the Consolidation ofDemocracy, and his assistant, Roberto deMichele; Senators Eduardo Menem andFernando de la Rua; Representative DìegoGuelar; Dr. Alberto Garcia Lema of theUniversity of Buenos Aires School of Law;and Dr. Humberto Quiraga Lavie, Dean ofFaculty at the University of La Plata Schoolof Law.

NDI was represented by Professor Her-

Aires will be co-sponsored by the Nau-mann Foundation and will be conducted in

cooperation with the Arturo lllia Founda-tion, the Foundation for DemocraticChange of President Alfonsin's RadicalParty, and the Juan Domingo Peron Foun-dation of the Justicialista Party. I

BUILDINGDEiIOCRACYIN IIAITI

ln late August, NDI sponsored an ìnten-sive party-buìlding workshop for 17 ofHaiti's top political party and civic leaders,including several leading presidentìalcontenders. The meeting, held outside SanJuan, Puerto Rìco, from August 26fo29,represented the first time a group of Hai-tian democratic leaders came together todiscuss issues central to the future ofdemocracy in Haiti.

Having emerged from a long period ofauthoritarian rule and political repression,the country is presently led by a transitionalgovernment, the National Governing Coun-cil (CNG). There is now an immediate needfor building and strengthening those institu-tions in Haiti critical to a peaceful transitionto democracy.

NDI's workshop, characterized by oneHaìtian partìcipant as an 'hr.sforic eventi'helped provide a concrete step toward thatend. Another Haitian called it "the mostsignificant development towards demo-cracy in Haiti since Duvalier's departurelast February."

5

NDI SURVEYS THEFAR EAST

NDI sent a delegation to South Korea,the Philippines and Taiwan in August tosurvey prospects for new and follow-upprojects. Led by Vice Chair MadeleineAlbright, the delegation included NDIPresident Brian Atwood, Board Mem-bers Lewis Maniloq Ken Melley, andMarvin Wbissberg, and Senior Consul.tant Patricia Keefer.

The Philipp¡nesln the Philippines, the delegation met

wìth President Corazon Aquino, Vice Presi-denl Salvador Laurel, then-Defense Minis-ter Juan Ponce Enrile, and Armed ForcesChief of Statf Fidel Ramos, as well asleaders of all the major political parties andrepresentatives from the National Citizens'Movement for Free Elections (NAMFREL)and the Commission on Elections(coMELEC).

The Aquino government continues toface formidable challenges in consolidatingboth democratic processes and an eco-nomic recovery, particularly given the insti-tutional decay inheriled from PresidentMarcos. Observers agree, however, thatprogress has been steady, and the prom-ises of President Aquino's victory can berealized with time and patience.

Officials at COMELEC and NAMFRELexpressed concerns that lack of resourcesand potential fraud may still hamper the willof the Filipino people in future elections.NDI has since contacted U.S. corporationsto explore the possibiìity of providing tech-nical assìstance to CO[/ELEC as it over-hauls its voter reg¡stration and electionadministration systems. The delegation alsoexpressed a wìllingness to organizeobserver missions to future elections if

requested.

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NDI survey team meets with Taiwan's Vice President Lee Teng-hui (center). From left to right: John Chiang,Vice Minister for Foreign Affairs; NDI Senior Consultant Patricia Keefer; Brian Atwood and Board MemberMarvin Weissberg.

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NDI Board Members are greeted by Philippines President Corazon Aquino. From left to right: LewisMan¡low, Kenneth Melley, Brian Atwood, Madeleine Albright and U.S. Ambassador Stephen Bosworth.

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NDI survey team meets in Seoul with leaders of the New Korea Democratic Party

South Korealn South Korea, the survey team arrived

just as ruling and opposition party leadersconvened for the first time to negotiateconstitutional reform in a National Assem-bly special committee. NDI encouragedbolh sides to continue the dialogue, argu-ing that only real progress toward democ-ratization will lead to lasting stability in thecountry,

The delegation held a series of meetingswith members of the opposition New KoreaDemocratic Party (NKDP) who particìpatedin NDI's workshop last April. lt also metwith officials of the ruling DemocraticJustice Party (DJP).

As a follow-up to the April workshop, theNKDP proposed holding an internatronalconference on democratic reform next yearin Seoul. lnvited to participate would bepolitical party leaders from Japan, WestGermany, lsrael, the U.S., Brazil, Argen-tina, Chile and the Philippines The NKDPagreed to an NDI proposal that representa-tives of the ruling Democratic Justice Partyalso be invited lo the conference,

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NDI's survey team of Patricia Keefer, Ken Melley, Brian Atwood and Marvin Weissberg is greeted at thea¡rport by elected representat¡ves of Taiwan's opposition movement. From left to right: You Ching, HsuJung-hsu, Chou Ching-yu and Yang-Huang Mei-hsing.

FAR EAST-con't from pg. 6

Taiwanln Taiwan, the delegation met with a

number of officials from the ruling Kuomin-tang (KMT) Party, including Vice PresidentLee Teng-Hui, and members of the opposi-tion movement. The ruling party-is experi-encìng a period of generational transition,and the opposition is more active than atany time since 1960, having increasedpressure on the governmenl to lift marliallaw restrictions on political activity. Govern-ment and opposìtion leaders have met tonegotiate reform measures, and the dele-gation observed some willìngness withinthe ruling party to permit further progresstoward democratization.

As a result of its visit, NDI developed aprogram to invite members of the rulingparty and the opposition to Washington toparticipate in a symposium on the transìtiontoward democracy in Taiwan. Recentdevelopmenls indicate that such a pro-gram would be parlicularly timely. Theoppositìon movement has formallyannounced the formation of a politicalparty, and the ruling party has indicatedthat it will lift some provisions of martial law. I

WOMEN & POLITICALDEVELOPMENT NEW BOARD

MEMBERS

At its September 5 meeting, NDI'sBoard of Directors elected the fol-lowing new Board members: Ken-neth Melley, Political Director of theNational Education Association;Mark Siegel, former Executive Di-rector of the Democratic NationalCommittee; and Senator Thomas F.

Eagleton (D-Mo). Eagleton will joinlhe Board after his retirement fromthe Senate in January.

ln an effort to promote women's partici-patìon ìn democratic polìtics, NDI will sponsor a major inlernational caucus of womenpolitìcal leaders next March in San Fran-cisco, lt will be the first meeting devotedspecifically to women's political develop-ment worldwide.

lVayor Dianne Feinstein will host thecaucus, entitled "Women, Leadership andDemocracy-The First Eleanor RooseveltCaucus of Women Political Leaders."

The meeting will bring together fiftywomen politicaì leaders from twenty coun-tries to examine the stalus of women in

politics, identify the obstacles to greaterparticipation, and propose strategies forgaining leadership positions in govern-ment, political parties, and nonpartisanorganizations.

The conference will also draw internation-al attention to the importance of women'sleadership role in democratic societies, andfacilitate a network of women politìcalleaders who can monitor future progress.Followìng the conference, NDI will publishits findings and produce a documentaryfilm for political education in the U.S. andabroad.

Geraldine Ferraro, who heads the NDIorganizing committee for the caucus, notedthat women represent more than half theworld's population, yet they hold less thanfive percent of decision-making andelected positions at the slate, provincial,and national levels.

Among the list of prominent polilicalleaders invited are five women heads ofstate or government: Corazon Aquino ofthe Philippines, Margaret Thatcher of GreatBritain, Dr. Gro Harlem Brundtland of Nor-way, Vigdis Finnbogadottir of lceland, andMary Eugenia Charles of Dominica. I

PROMOTINGNONVIOLENCE ¡NilORTHERN IRELAND

ln July, NDI hosted a delegation of 12leaders of the Social Democratic andLabour Party of Northern lreland (SDLP) ata ten-day seminar in Boston. Jointly spon-sored by NDI and the Social DemocraticGroup, the SDLP's newly formed party in-

stitute, the seminar was part of NDI's ongo-ing program to promote a democratic andnonviolent solution in Northern lreland.Sessions were held at the lnstitute of Poli-tics at Harvard Universìty and the John W,McCormack lnstitute at the University ofMassachusetts.

The SDLP is the democratic alternativeto Sinn Feìn, the poltical arm of the lRA, inNorthern lreland's Catholic community andthe only major party in the province com-mitted to strengthing the democratic pro-cess through the Anglo-lrish Agreement.

Participants at the Boston seminar alsoincluded prominent state and local govern-ment personnel, elected officials, experlpolitical organizers and academics fromthe Boston area. They met with GovernorMichael Dukakis and discussed local poli-tical organizations wìth Boston's MayorRaymond Flynn. Representative ChetAtkins (D-Mass.) hosted an evening wrthlocal and state Democratic Party activists.

The seminar sessions at Harvard ex-plored organizational skills that would ena-ble SDLP leaders lo increase participationin their party, improve constituent servicesand better communicate the message ofpeace and nonviolence.

The group then met in Washington withU.S. Congressional leaders, includingSpeaker Thomas P. (Tip) O'Neill, SenatorEdward M Kennedy (D-Mass) and MajorityWhip Thomas Foley (D-Wash). Kennedycommended the NDI program which has,in his words, "helped lhe SDLP esfabÍbha viable alternative to extremism andterrorism.'1

Massachusetts Governor Michael Dukakis meetswith leaders of Northern lreland's Social Demo-crat;c and Labour Party.

INTERNATIONAL VISITORS TO NDIShulamit Aloni-Member of Knesset, Cilizens Rights Movement, ¡sraelDianand Bahgwandin-Member. Freedom Party, GuyanaMarc Bazin-Secretary General, Movement for the lnstallation of Democracy, HaìtiJosue lsaac Berman-Foreign Trade Advisor, Progressìve Party, Argent¡naHelen Ben¡tez -Dean, Philipprnes Women's University, PhilippinesRicardo Arias Calderon Presrdent, Chrìstian Democrat¡c Party, PanamaRalael Callejas-President, Natronal Party, HondurasRicardo Gonzalez Camacho- Minister of Foreign Trade of the Republic and Secretary General, AccionDemocralrca. El SalvadorSylvio Claude -Secretary General, Christian Democratic Party, HaitiIvanka Corti Member. Socral Democratic Party, ltaìyRoderick Esquivel-Vrce Presrdent of the Republ¡c and President, Liberal Party, PanamaJorge Fernandez Radrcal Crvrc Unron, ArgentinaJuan Raul Ferreira-Charrman, Senate lnternational Relatìons Committee, UruguayAdan Morales Hernandez-Secrelary of lnternational Relations, Social Democralic Party, N¡caraguaChi-Chang Hong Member. League of Opposition, TarwanJohn Hume, M.P Leader. Socral Democratic and Labour Party, Northern lrelandManuel Gulierrez Hurtado-Executive Secretary. Conservative Party, NicaraguaEllen Johnson-Sirleaf Former Minister of Finance, Liberai Action Party, LiberiaMona Makram-Ebeid-Member, Wafd Party, ËgyptHernan Pinto Miranda-Member, Christian Democratic Parly, ChileLevian Munoz General Secretary. Social Democratic Party, ChileKo Sung Nam Chref of Secretanal Affairs, Kuyng Nam Ko Election Managemenl CommÌltee, South KoreaEduardo Oritz Pres¡dent, Assocration of Polìtical Science, Socialist Party, ChileRaul Arias de Para, M.P-Chr¡stian Democratic Party, PanamaB.M. Selshogo Deputy Secrelary General, Democratic Parly, BotswanaKonrad Sieniewicz Secretarat. Christian Democratic lnternat¡onal, Rome, ltalyBaldwin W Spencer Deputy Political Leader. United National Democratic Party, and First Vice Presidenl,Arìlrqua Workers Unron. AntrguaChin-Chin Tien Member. Opposrtron Movemenl. TarwanOsvaldo Verdugo Head of Chrlean Teachers Union, ChileOh Kyung Wha Chref of General Affairs. C E.H.C , Soulh KoreaJung-Suk Youn Presrdent. Korean Associatron ol lnternataonal Relatìons. South KoreaGonzalo Yuseff Vrce Presrdent. Nalronal Unron. ChileGerman Riesco Zanartu Vrce Presrdenl. National Party, Chile

NATIONAL DEMOCRATIC INSTITUTEFOR INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRSSuite 605, 1717 Massachusetts Ave., N.WWashington, D.C. 20036 (202) 328-3136Telex 5106015068 NDIIA

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NDI BOARD OFDIREGTORS

OFFICERS

Chalrman-Walter F. MondaleV¡ce Chair-Madeleine K. Albrighl

Seerelary-Rachelle HorowiÞTr€asurer-Peler G. Kelly

Prcsident-J. Brian Atwood

BOABD OF DIRECTORS

James B. BooeRichard F. CelesteJohn W. Dunfey

Mervyn M- DymallyGeraldine Ferraro

Maurice FerreArvonne S. Fraser

Mary Hatwood FutrellMarile Hernandez

John T. JoyceElliott F. KulickPenn KembleLeon Lynch

Lew¡s ManilowKenneth Melley

Julius MichaelsonWalter F. Mondale

Daniel Patrick MoynihanCarmen O. PerezNina Rosenwald

Mark SiegelRobert Slagle

Michael R. SteedCyrus R. VanceKathleen M. Vick

Frank E. WeilMarvin F. Weissberg

Anne WexlerAndrew J. Young

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