The Middle ColoniesThe Role of Religion in the Colonies

New York 1664 New JerseyOriginally New

Netherlands founded by the Dutch 1624◦Taken by force for its trade routes & commerce

Became English in 1664

Given to the James, Duke of York (later James II)

Originally part of New Netherlands

Became English in 1664

Founded for land sales and religious freedom

Given by James, Duke of York to friends Berkeley and Carteret

Pennsylvania 1682

Haven for Quakers, a peaceful religious group

Penn insisted on also paying the Native Americans for their land and treating them fairly

William Penn

Delaware 1682Originally settled by

the Swedes (Sweden) 1643-1655

Taken over by the Dutch 1655-1664

Taken over by the English when they took New Netherlands in 1664

Maryland and Pennsylvania both claimed Delaware until 1704

The Southern ColoniesGeography drives cash crop production

Maryland 1632Founded as a refuge for English Catholics

Welcomed all Christians

1st settlement St. Mary’s City

George Calvert, Lord Baltimore

The Carolinas 1663Founded in 1663 by 8

noblemen who were granted the land by the king◦ Most noted Anthony

Ashley Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury

Nobles sought to make money attracting settlers from Virginia

Split into North and South in 1712

George IIReigns 1727-1760

Son of George IStopped the attempt to reclaim the throne by James II’s grandson Charles Edward Stuart

Georgia 1732Place to send debtors and convicts

Provided buffer from Spanish attacks from the south

Strict rules; no slaves, no alcohol

James Oglethorpe

George IIIReigns 1760-1820

Grandson of George II

Loses the American Revolution and all of England’s North American colonies except Canada