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The Musical Culture of Black Americans. An Interactive Lesson by Ken Sockwell. Work Songs. Blues and Jazz. Overview Standards Assignments Credits Websites Contact Info. Popular. Gospel. Overview. Note: You will need internet access and the ability to listen to mp3 and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Musical Culture of Black Americans
Work Songs Blues and Jazz
Gospel Popular
An Interactive Lesson by Ken Sockwell
Overview Standards Assignments Credits Websites Contact Info
Overview
Probably more than any other
ethnic group, Black Americans have impacted our society with their culture and
their music. From work songs, to blues, jazz, gospel,
rock and rap, Black musicians have seasoned the
melting pot of the United States with music that
touches the heart and soul of all people.
Collage created by Ken Sockwell
Note: You will need internet access and the ability to listen to mp3 andReal Audio files to complete this lesson.
Work Songs
This genre began with black slaves. Generally, the songs were “call and response” and sung while the workers were toiling in fields. Therefore, it is mostly unaccompanied and its composers are unknown. Roots are the African Work Song. This genre led to the “Blues.”
Task: Follow this link and listen to this example of a work song (Real Audio.)
Blues and Jazz
The work song led to the blues,
which is generally a 12 measure form with AAB lyrical format. The topic is usually about how bad things are. Blues are usually accompanied by one or more instruments and often have improvised instrumental verses. Bessie Smith, Howlin Wolf, Muddy Waters, and B.B. King are several well known Blues artists
Task: Follow this link and listen to this example of the blues by Muddy Waters (mp3.) Also, read more about the blues here.
To Jazz
Blues and Jazz - Continued
Jazz is thought to have started in New
Orleans around 1890. This early Dixieland music had a two beat, similar to the march. However, by the 1920’s its meter evolved into four. Chicago, New York and Kansas City became centers for jazz development. Big Band music dominated the 1940’s. The fifties saw cool and beat jazz develop, which were more intimate styles. The sixties gave birth to fusion, which was a combination of rock and jazz. Jazz, like the early work song, was an expression of the black condition of the day.
Task: Listen to “Stormy Weather” by Ethel Waters and Duke Ellington. Also, read more about Jazz history here.
Black Gospel:The birthplace of Rock
Slaves were initially not allowed to practice any religion as they were considered to be without souls. As Afro-Americans were allowed to convert to Christianity, the same “call and response” style that dominated the work song became praise to God. It is characterized as emotional with a wide vocal range. Major artists associated with gospel music include Mahalia Jackson, James Cleveland, and the Soul Stirrers. Gospel eventually led to the birth of “Rock and Roll.”
Task: Listen to The Southern Sons and read more about Gospel Music history here.
Black Popular Music
Rock music was first performed by
black musicians in the early 1950’s. These early artists are said to have had a major influence on many other musicians, including The Beatles and Elvis Presley. Some major black popular musicians are Run DMC, Prince, and Michael Jackson. Several other Afro-American genres have developed since then, including Soul (1960’s), Funk (1970’s), Rap (1970’s), and Hip Hop (1980’s).
Task: Read more about popular black music here. This is also a good overview page for all black music history.
Assignment and Assessment
• Read through all the content slides and complete the task on each one. You may also want to check the credits and websites pages for more content information.
• Go to this link and download a copy of the assessment. It is in Word format.
• Print out the assessment and turn it in to the instructor by the due date.
Content and Technology Standards
• Historical and Cultural Context• Understanding the
Historical Contributions and cultural Dimensions of Music
• Role of Music: 3.1: Identify the sources of musical genres of the United States, trace the evolution of those genres, and cite well-known musicians associated with them.
• Technology Research Tools• Students use technology
to locate, evaluate, and collect information from a variety of sources.
• Students use technology tools to process data and report results.
Other Websites for further Research
• Rounder Records
• Archives of African-American Music and Culture
• Jazz History and Black Music
• African-American Sheet Music from Browne University
• See also the credits on the next page
Credits
• Negro Work Songs and Calls
• Black History Month 2003 – Rhino Records
• Center for Black Music Research
• Kelley Hutzley, Music Specialist, Academy for Academic Excellence, Apple Valley CA
All images used in this presentation are in the public domain.
To contact Ken Sockwell, please write to:[email protected]
Collage created by Ken Sockwell