CHAPTER 11 SECTION 3 :UNITY AND DIVISION

The Nation Grows and Prospers

An Era of Good Feelings

1816 Election: Republican Candidate

James Monroe. Federalist: Senator Rufus

King of New York.Monroe Won:

Last Revolutionary war officer to become president.

1817: Goodwill tour of the

country. Helped create a new sense

of National Unity.

Calhoun of the South

John C. Calhoun.Grew up on Farm in

S.C.“Young Hercules”Intense Speaker. Supported War of 1812.Firm Defender of

Slavery.Opposed policies that

would strengthen the power of the Federal Government.

Webster of the North

Daniel Webster.New Hampshire.Most skillful Public

Speaker of his time. Opposed War of 1812.Refused to vote for taxes

to pay for the war effort. Wanted the Fed Gov. to

take a larger role in building the nations economy.

Slavery was evil…

Clay of the West

Henry Clay.Was leader of the War

Hawks. Virginia native. Lawyer. “Gallant Harry of the

West”Favored a more active

role for the Central Gov. in promoting the Country’s growth.

The National Bank

After War of 1812: Many economic issues came into play.

1811: Charter to Bank was up.

No longer could lend money & regulate the Nations money.

State Banks: Made loans /Issued own

Money. Too much money was in

circulation. Caused prices to rise

rapidly.

Foreign Competition

Early 1800’s:Embargo Act and War

1812.Kept most Br. Goods

out of the U.S. Francis Cabot Lowell.

Business leader. Est. Mills and

Factories.Industry in U.S. grew

quickly until 1815.

Flood of British GoodsWar 1812 over.British goods enter U.S.Br. Could make and sell

goods more cheaply than Amer. could.

Why? Factory Buildings and

Machines were paid off. Sold cloth in U.S. for less

than it cost to make.Hoped to put U.S. rivals out

of business.Then raise prices once

more.

Protective Tariff

NE businesses were failing.

The People Spoke!!!Tariff of 1816:

Greatly Raised tariffs on imports.

Southerners Angry. Had few Factories. Bought many Br.

goods. Said made North rich.

Clay’s American System

Disputes over tariffs. Sectionalism:

Loyalty to one’s state or section rather than to the nation as a whole.

People identified themselves as Southerners/ Northerners.

American System: High Tariffs on imports,

to help Northern factories.

Money earned would be used to help South/West by buying farm products from them

Reduce dependency on Foreign goods.

Tariff money: Build roads, bridges,

canals. Make transportation

easier and cheaper for people to ship goods.

American System a failure

Never fully wet into effect.

With High tariffs congress spent little on Internal Improvements: Improvements on

roads, bridges, and canals.

Southerners against it most.

Said rivers were fine for transportation of goods.

Supreme Court Expands Federal Power

Chief Justice: John Marshall.

Promote Economic Growth.

Congress Chartered 2nd Bank of the U.S.

McCulloch v. Maryland

1819:Maryland tried to tax

the Bank to drive it out of the State.

James McCulloch Bank cashier, refused

to pay the tax.Court ruled:

States had no right to interfere with Federal Institutions w/in their boarders.

Gibbons V. Ogden

1824NY law: Tried to control

steamboat travel between NY and NJ.

Supreme court upheld power of the Fed Gov. to regulate trade between states.

States can only regulate trade within own boarders.

Only Fed Gov. had power to regulate interstate commence: (trade between different states).

Checking for Understanding…

What were the pros and cons of the Tariff of 1816?

What was the American System?

How did the Supreme Court Rulings give the Federal Government greater Power?

SECTION 4 CHAPTER 11

New Nations in the Americas

Father Hidalgo

1810Mexican Village of

Dolores.

Priest: Hidalgo

Called Indians to join struggle to make Mexico Independent from Spain.

Revolution n Latin America

1810Spain’s American

colonies people wanted independence.

Wanted a role in Government.

Wealthy Creoles (people born to Spanish parents) were even unhappy.

Indians were in debt. due to Spanish harsh rules.

Mexican IndependenceFather Hidalgo lead the

movement. Gained control of many

provinces in Mexico. Captured in 1811 and

Executed.Priest Jose Morelos.

Took over in place of Hidalgo. Creoles disliked his plan to

give land to peasants. Captured and Killed.

1821: Creoles joined the revolution. Mexico became a republic with its own constitution.

The Liberator

South America.Simon Bolivar.Latin Amer. Wars. Born: Venezuela

(Wealthy).Rebel Leader. Famous Battle: 1819

Led Venezuela army over Andes Mts. Into Columbia.

President of the Republic of Great Columbia. Venezuela, Colombia,

Ecuador, Panama.

New Nations FormLatin America:Jose se San Martin

Led Argentina to freedom in 1816.

Helped people of Chile, Peru and Ecuador win Independence.

1821: Central America Declared Independence from

Spain. Formed: United Provinces

of Central America. Nicaragua, Costa Rica, El

Salvador, Honduras, Guatemala.

1825: Puerto Rica and Cuba were the only colonies left Under the rule of Spain in Latin America.

Portuguese colony of Brazil: Won independence

peacefully. Prince Pedro: son of the

Portuguese King joined their cause.

Became Emperor of the New Nation Brazil.

The New RepublicsNew nations modeled their

constitutions on that of the U.S.

Latin America did not unite into a single Country.

Geography made it difficult. Hard time setting up Stable

Gov.Powerful Leaders took

advantage of this and seized control.

These New nations were often unable to achieve democratic rule.

Black Seminoles

Spanish officials protected enslaved Africans who fled from Georgia and S.C.

Seminole Indians allowed these people to live near their villages.

In return gave portion of their crops.

Negro Fort: Settlement on

Apalachicola River. 1,000 black Seminoles. General Andrew Jackson

destroyed the fort.

Spain Gives up Florida

1818Jackson enters Florida

with over 3,000 soldiers.Spain was powerless

Was fighting war in Latin Amer.

Could not risk war against the U.S.

Adams-Onis Treaty: 1821 Sec of State: John Quincy

Adams. Made treaty with Spain 

Gained Fl. For $5 million.

The Monroe Doctrine1823: Doctrine: (Foreign

Policy).Declared that the U.S. would

not interfere in the affairs of European Nations or existing colonies of the European nations.

U.S. would oppose any attempt to build new colonies in the Americas.

Warned European Nations not to attempt to regain control of the independent Nations of Latin Amer.

Doctrine successfully challenged European Intervention (direct Involvement), in Latin America.

Checking for Understanding!!!

Who was Father Miguel Hidalgo?

Who were known as the Black Seminoles?

What was the Monroe Doctrine?