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The National Hydrogen Strategy/Program in relation to aviation
RHIA & NAG seminar7 October 2021
Job Rosenhart (advisor I&W DG Aviation)
In cooperation with Directorate-General Climate & Energy
Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy of the Netherlands
1. Integrate renewable energy in the energy system
2. Replace fossil fuels and feedstock in industry, transport (aviation), built environment and energy sector
3. Green economic growth
Why hydrogen
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IEA Global Hydrogen Review 2021
› Hydrogen use extends to several parts of the energy sector and grows sixfoldfrom today’s levels to meet 10% of total final energy consumption by 2050. This is all supplied from low-carbon sources.
› Global capacity of electrolysers doubled over the last five years to reach just over 300 MW by mid-2021. Around 350 projects currently under development could bring global capacity up to 54 GW by 2030.
› Another 40 projects accounting for more than 35 GW of capacity are in early stages of development.
› If all those projects are realised, global hydrogen supply from electrolysers could reach more than 8 Mt by 2030.(80MT required by that year for roadmap net zero CO2 emissions 2050)
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International Energy Agency 3
Drivers for hydrogen in the Netherlands
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✓ Huge potential for offshore wind✓ Extensive on/offshore gas infrastructure
✓ Perfect location for hydrogen import & export✓ Storage in salt caverns
National Hydrogen Strategy 2020
30 March 2020 sent to the House of Representative’s of the Dutch ParliamentDOWNLOAD: https://www.government.nl/documents/publications/2020/04/06/government-strategy-on-hydrogen
https://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/brieven_regering/detail?id=2020Z05793&did=2020D12101
• Essential role of clean hydrogen in a zero-carbon energy supply & economy
• NL unique starting position for h2 market
• Government: adequate funding & regulation
• Need to accelerate cost reduction & scaling-up
• International market development is key
• 3-4 GW production capacity in 2030
• Policy agenda with 4 pillars
Highlights
Policy Agenda
Legislation & Regulation Cost reduction & Scaling up H2
Greening economy & energy system Supporting and flanking policy
• Repurpose part of existing gas grid(HyWay27)• Market regulation & energy law• Guarantees of origin & certification (RFNBO
REDII)• Safety• Spatial planning: location of electrolysers
• Support schemes for research & scaling up (up to 50MW; RVO)
• Coupling hydrogen to offshore wind energy• Evaluation of blending obligation (Eurefuel
initiative SAF)
• Ports and industry clusters• Transport (including SAF)• Built environment (alternative to natural gas)• Electricity sector• Agricultural sector
• International strategy (bilateral, Pentalateral, EU, multilateral) (Germany)
• Regional policy (link to regional energy strategies)
• Fundamental & applied research and innovation
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Repurposing natural gas infrastructure
Using existing infrastructure Hydrogen backbone
› Natural gas infrastructurebecoming available as of 2023 (HyWay27)
› > 15 GW transport capacity
› New connections tooffshore windfarms
› Integrated hydrogenbackbone in NW Europa
› Including import terminals
11 oktober 2021
Ministerie van Economische Zaken
Production of green hydrogen
Cluster of projects with a total of up to 2200MW with investment decision date <2025
All projects located in an industrial port area, with existing infrastructure. Examples:
– Uniper (Green H2): 100 MW on Maasvlakte (Port of Rotterdam)
– H2-Fifty (Green H2): 250 MW in Port of Rotterdam
– Hydrogen Delta (Green H2): 490 MW in Zeeland Delta
– Djewels (Green H2): 100 MW in port of Eemshaven
Application of hydrogen: mainly industry andtransport
North-Netherlands
360MW
Zeeland
1000 MW
Rotterdam incl. port
665MW
Amsterdam / North Sea channel area
100MW
Green hydrogen:Concentrated in industrial clustersnear Dutch port area’s
› H2 & Offshore Integratedtenders
› Onshore electrolysis before2030:
› Research: what does it take to produce at GW scale?
› Offshore electrolysis: first pilot in 2021wind (PosHYdon/Neptune Energy; 1 MW electrolyser)
› Future: energy islands in theNorth Sea
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Import strategy
› Balance between local production and EU / non-EU imports
› Port of Rotterdam exploring worldwide options for supply chains
› Learning from first projects: impact of EU energy & trade policies
› NW Europe will be key market – shared EU approach needed
› Infrastructure will be essential, linking ports to industrial clusters
› Exploring different options for h2 carriers
› New perspective on global energy relations
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Aviation: Hydrogen comparison to fossilkerosine
› Aerospace Technology Institute (ATI UK) has revealed a new fleet of zero-emission aircraft (Sept 2021) and identified liquid hydrogen as having the “highest potential” as the future fuel in the aviation sector.
› hydrogen has approximately three times the available energy content per kg of fuel carried on board an aircraft compared to kerosene, approximately six times that of ammonia and approximately 60 times that compared to a battery.
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Hydrogen SAF in the Netherlands
› Drop in fuels: bio kerosine and synthetic kerosine (ratio H2: 20%-80%) and H2 for hybrid electric aviation and direct H2 use MoU Airbus (2035)
› Bio kerosine
› 1. DSL Groningen (SkyNRG) (100kton annual)
› 2. Neste Rotterdam (450kton annual)
› 3. Shell Energy and Chemical Park (Pernis refinery) Rotterdam (820kton/annual SAF and renewable diesel)
› Synthetic kerosine:
› A techno-economic feasibility study of PtL production in the port of Amsterdam will be performed. This study will lead to a go/no-go decision for a pilot facility in 2021. (Synkero BV)
› Zenid RHIA (1000l per day)
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Aviation (EUrefuel initiative)
› Important for direction
› EU mandate blending obligation (5% in 2030 and 2% in 2025); Dutch objective14% in 2030.
› Sustainable framework
› Innovation support
› View from Dutch Government:
› More ambitious mandate, also earlier introduction percentage synthetic fuels
› Next to RFNBO (hydrogen) also focus on Recycled Carbon Fuels (see report E4tech; ttps://www.tweedekamer.nl/kamerstukken/brieven_regering/detail?id=2021Z15882&did=2021D34090
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Instruments/program
› National Growth Fund : “Aviation in Transition”
› National Hydrogen Program https://nationaalwaterstofprogramma.nl/
› DKTI-regulation (Demonstration Climat technologies and innovation in Transport).
› Support package R&D mobility (30% from aviation sector; program closed
› Investnl
› Creation new Dutch private funds
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