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The New South, The New South, Social ChangesSocial Changes(Social Segregation)(Social Segregation)1877 - 19181877 - 1918
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementThe act of denying a person the The act of denying a person the
right to voteright to vote convicted felonsconvicted felons
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementAll women were disenfranchisedAll women were disenfranchised
1919thth Amendment (1920) Amendment (1920)
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement
Southern Democrats wanted to Southern Democrats wanted to keep powerkeep power keep Black men from votingkeep Black men from voting
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementPoll TaxPoll Tax
Voter had to pay fee ($)Voter had to pay fee ($)
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement
Property TestProperty TestVoter had to own propertyVoter had to own property
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement
Literacy testLiteracy test Voter required to Voter required to
be able to read and be able to read and writewrite
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement
Ooops! These laws prevented many Ooops! These laws prevented many poor, uneducated whites from voting. poor, uneducated whites from voting. So . . .So . . .
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisementGrandfather clauseGrandfather clause
If voter’s grandfather voted before If voter’s grandfather voted before 1867, ok to vote1867, ok to vote
Freedmen Voting, South Carolina (1868)
DisenfranchisementDisenfranchisement
White primariesWhite primaries primaries for primaries for
party members party members onlyonly
Democrats say Democrats say “no Black “no Black members”members”No Black No Black
candidatescandidates
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
Homer PlessyHomer Plessy30-year old30-year old1/8th Black 1/8th Black shoemakershoemaker
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
““Separate Car Act”Separate Car Act”
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
1896 Supreme Court Ruled . . . 1896 Supreme Court Ruled . . .
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
1414thth Amendment pertains to “political Amendment pertains to “political equality not social equality”equality not social equality”
Plessy v. FergusonPlessy v. Ferguson
““Separate but equal” facilities Separate but equal” facilities
“ “ . . . in view of the . . . in view of the constitution, . . . there is no constitution, . . . there is no superior, dominant, ruling superior, dominant, ruling class of citizens. There is no class of citizens. There is no caste here. Our constitution is caste here. Our constitution is color-blind, and neither color-blind, and neither knows nor tolerates classes knows nor tolerates classes among citizens. In respect of among citizens. In respect of civil rights, all citizens are civil rights, all citizens are equal before the law. The law equal before the law. The law regards man as man, and regards man as man, and takes no account of his takes no account of his surroundings or of his color surroundings or of his color when his civil rights as when his civil rights as guaranteed by the supreme guaranteed by the supreme law of the land are involved.”law of the land are involved.”
John Marshall Harlan
Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws
Southern states, including Georgia, Southern states, including Georgia, passed laws that required segregationpassed laws that required segregation
Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws
““Whites only” “Coloreds only”Whites only” “Coloreds only”RailroadsRailroadsSchoolsSchoolsPrisonsPrisonsCemeteriesCemeteriesHospitalsHospitalsWaiting rooms Waiting rooms Drinking fountainsDrinking fountains
The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race Riot
Violent events Violent events by Whites by Whites against African against African AmericansAmericans
The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race RiotTension b/tw races d/t competition for jobsTension b/tw races d/t competition for jobs
The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race Riot
Stories of African American men attacking Stories of African American men attacking White womenWhite womenLater found untrueLater found untrue
The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race Riot
Whites afraid of African Americans gaining Whites afraid of African Americans gaining too much powertoo much power
The 1906 Atlanta Race RiotThe 1906 Atlanta Race Riot
Disturbance led increased KKK activityDisturbance led increased KKK activity
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
Leo Frank – Leo Frank – Jewish, European Jewish, European immigrant living in immigrant living in Atlanta, GeorgiaAtlanta, Georgia
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
Worked as factory managerWorked as factory manager
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
Accused of murderingAccused of murdering
13 year old Mary Phagan13 year old Mary Phagan
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
Found guilty at trial despite faulty and Found guilty at trial despite faulty and suspicious evidencesuspicious evidence
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
Later found innocent byLater found innocent byGovernor John SlatonGovernor John Slaton
Leo and Lucille Frank at trial
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
anti-Semitismanti-Semitism (hatred of Jewish people) (hatred of Jewish people)
The Leo Frank case (1913)The Leo Frank case (1913)
After freed from jail, After freed from jail,
a group of citizens a group of citizens
lynched Leo Frank lynched Leo Frank
At the town square in Marietta, where Mary Phagan lived, people gathered to celebrate the lynching of Leo Frank.
Racial ViolenceRacial Violence
From Reconstruction to the 1850s, From Reconstruction to the 1850s, mobs would take a Black man mobs would take a Black man accused of a crime from jail and accused of a crime from jail and lynch him.lynch him.
Racial ViolenceRacial Violence
From the 1880s to the 1950s, almost From the 1880s to the 1950s, almost 5,000 people were lynched in the 5,000 people were lynched in the United States.United States.