The OdysseyThe OdysseyPart TwoPart Two

The HomecomingThe Homecoming

Book 16: Father and Book 16: Father and Son Son

Athena disguises Odysseus as an old man in Athena disguises Odysseus as an old man in order to fool the suitors.order to fool the suitors.

When Odysseus first lands on Ithaca, When Odysseus first lands on Ithaca, Eumaeus, his faithful swineherd, gives him Eumaeus, his faithful swineherd, gives him food and shelter.food and shelter.

When Odysseus first reveals himself to When Odysseus first reveals himself to Telemachus, Telemechus is afraid. He Telemachus, Telemechus is afraid. He believes Odysseus is a god.believes Odysseus is a god.

Odysseus plans to kill the suitors. He asks Odysseus plans to kill the suitors. He asks Telemachus to take down all the weapons Telemachus to take down all the weapons from the great hall and lock them up.from the great hall and lock them up.

Book 17: The Beggar Book 17: The Beggar at the Manor at the Manor

The first to recognize The first to recognize Odysseus’ voice when he Odysseus’ voice when he returns home is his dog, Argos.returns home is his dog, Argos.

Book 21: Test of the Book 21: Test of the BowBow

Odysseus notices that two of the suitors in Odysseus notices that two of the suitors in particular are noticeably rude and particular are noticeably rude and demanding:demanding: Eurymachus and Antinous Eurymachus and Antinous

Penelope has lost all hope of Odysseus Penelope has lost all hope of Odysseus returning. She proposes an archery contest returning. She proposes an archery contest – whoever can string Odysseus’ bow and – whoever can string Odysseus’ bow and shoot an arrow through 12 axe heads, she shoot an arrow through 12 axe heads, she will marry.will marry.

Odysseus reveals his true identity to Odysseus reveals his true identity to Eumaeus, the swineherd and Philoetius, the Eumaeus, the swineherd and Philoetius, the cowherd. He asks them to back him up.cowherd. He asks them to back him up.

Book 21: Test of the BowBook 21: Test of the BowContinuedContinued

To convince them that it is really To convince them that it is really him, Odysseus shows them an old him, Odysseus shows them an old scar he got while hunting.scar he got while hunting.

When he first gets the bow, When he first gets the bow, Odysseus inspects it for damage.Odysseus inspects it for damage.

In lines 107-111, Homer uses an In lines 107-111, Homer uses an epic simile in which he compares epic simile in which he compares Odysseus stringing his bow to that Odysseus stringing his bow to that of a musician stringing a harp.of a musician stringing a harp.

As he inspects his bow, Odysseus hears As he inspects his bow, Odysseus hears Zeus’ thunder. He takes this as an Omen Zeus’ thunder. He takes this as an Omen from Zeus letting him know that the gods from Zeus letting him know that the gods are on his side.are on his side.

Book 21 ends with Telemachus and Book 21 ends with Telemachus and Odysseus standing side by side facing Odysseus standing side by side facing more than 100 enemies. This can this be more than 100 enemies. This can this be considered an “epic” moment because it considered an “epic” moment because it shows great courage and heroism.shows great courage and heroism.

Book 21: Test of the BowBook 21: Test of the BowContinuedContinued

Book 22: Death in the Book 22: Death in the Great Hall Great Hall

When Odysseus kills Antinous, the other When Odysseus kills Antinous, the other suitors still do not know that “the beggar” suitors still do not know that “the beggar” is actually Odysseus. They think that the is actually Odysseus. They think that the “beggar” made a “wild shot” and that it “beggar” made a “wild shot” and that it was not intended to kill Antinous.was not intended to kill Antinous.

After Odysseus kills Antinous, the After Odysseus kills Antinous, the remaining suitors “scanned the walls in remaining suitors “scanned the walls in the long room for arms…” but nothing the long room for arms…” but nothing remained because Telemachus removed remained because Telemachus removed long before Philoetius locked the doors.long before Philoetius locked the doors.

When the other suitors learn that “the When the other suitors learn that “the beggar” is Odysseus, they are frightened beggar” is Odysseus, they are frightened – “sickly green [with] fear.”– “sickly green [with] fear.”

Eurymachus, the other lead suitor, tries Eurymachus, the other lead suitor, tries to persuade Odysseus not to kill the rest to persuade Odysseus not to kill the rest of them. He offers to pay back the food of them. He offers to pay back the food and drink they used and also add 20 oxen and drink they used and also add 20 oxen from each suitor along with other gifts.from each suitor along with other gifts.

Athena eventually allows her shield to Athena eventually allows her shield to become visible during the battle because become visible during the battle because she wants the suitors to know that she wants the suitors to know that Odysseus is supported by the gods.Odysseus is supported by the gods.

Book 22: Death in the Book 22: Death in the Great HallGreat Hall ContinuedContinued

Book 23: The Trunk of Book 23: The Trunk of the Olive Tree the Olive Tree

Penelope doesn’t recognize her own husband Penelope doesn’t recognize her own husband because Athena has made him younger, taller, because Athena has made him younger, taller, and more muscular.and more muscular.

To reveal whether or not he is truly her husband, To reveal whether or not he is truly her husband, Penelope tests Odysseus by telling the servant Penelope tests Odysseus by telling the servant to move his bed out of the bedchamber. to move his bed out of the bedchamber.

Odysseus becomes angry and accuses Penelope Odysseus becomes angry and accuses Penelope of sleeping with a god.of sleeping with a god.

Only Odysseus would know that it is impossible Only Odysseus would know that it is impossible to move the bed because it is carved from a tree to move the bed because it is carved from a tree growing in the middle of the bedroom.growing in the middle of the bedroom.

Gods or Goddesses Gods or Goddesses that intervened in the that intervened in the journey of Odysseusjourney of Odysseus

AthenaAthena

– Odysseus’ Patron Odysseus’ Patron GoddessGoddess

– Guides him along the Guides him along the way.way.

– Changes him into an old Changes him into an old beggar to fool the suitorsbeggar to fool the suitors

– Assists in the battle Assists in the battle against the suitorsagainst the suitors

ZeusZeus

– Sent a bolt of lightening to destroy Sent a bolt of lightening to destroy Odysseus’ crew and ship as Odysseus’ crew and ship as revenge for Apollo after they ate revenge for Apollo after they ate Apollo’s cattle.Apollo’s cattle.

– Sent a message with Hermes to Sent a message with Hermes to Calypso to release Odysseus and Calypso to release Odysseus and help him build a rafthelp him build a raft..

PoseidonPoseidon

– Curses Odysseus to be lost at Curses Odysseus to be lost at sea and return to bad things at sea and return to bad things at home.home.

ApolloApollo

Gets upset with Gets upset with Odysseus’ crew Odysseus’ crew after they eat his after they eat his cattle and asks cattle and asks Zeus for revenge.Zeus for revenge.

HermesHermes

– Brings Calypso a message Brings Calypso a message from Zeus to release from Zeus to release Odysseus and help him Odysseus and help him build a raft to get home.build a raft to get home.

– Gives Odysseus a special Gives Odysseus a special plant to make him plant to make him immune to the magic of immune to the magic of Circe.Circe.

CalypsoCalypso

– Holds Odysseus Holds Odysseus captive on her captive on her island for seven island for seven years.years.

CirceCirce

– Turns Turns Odysseus’ men Odysseus’ men into pigs.into pigs.

– Puts Odysseus Puts Odysseus and his men and his men under a trance under a trance to make them to make them stay.stay.