THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE - Notes

THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE

1299-1918 (began in Turkey) Osman, a Turkish warrior and a Muslim,

conquered the last of the Byzantine villages• Osman’s many followers were called Ottomans

The Muslim Ottoman Empire controlled what is now Turkey and parts of N. Africa, SW Asia, and SE Europe

Osman First Ottoman Sultan

Ottoman rulers were called Sultans• allowed Christians and Jews to worship

as long as they paid a tax

Ottoman Empire’s Rapid Growth

By 1451, the Ottomans ruled many cities in the Middle East and Europe

1453: Ottomans took Constantinople (Istanbul) and made it the capital of the Ottoman Empire

Constantinople (Istanbul)

One of the largest cities of the time

Center for culture and learning

Constantinople

An unknown painter of the Italian school created this view looking down over the busy Constantinople harbor.

Architecture and Art

The Parthenon:

The Greek culture's primitive beginnings were in the times of Ancient Greece and developed substantially throughout the periods of the Roman Empire, and Ottoman Empire

Architecture and Art

The Parthenon:

The Greek culture's primitive beginnings were in the times of Ancient Greece and developed substantially throughout the periods of the Roman Empire, and Ottoman Empire

Architecture and Art

Venetian relations with the Ottoman Empire were sustained by trade, but punctuated by conflict.. A Venetian painter depicted the “Action of August 27, 1661,” a battle in which the combined forces of Venice and Malta—22 ships—defeated a Turkish fleet of 36 galleys.

Sultan Selim I

Ruled 1512 to 1520• Given keys to Mecca

Took Ottoman Empire further south and east• Present-day areas of Syria, Israel, and

Egypt

Sultan Selim I

Sultan Suleyman I

Son of Sultan Selim I

He was greatly admired by everyone• Known as

“Suleyman the Magnificant”

Set up fair laws

Sultan Suleyman I

Ruled 1520 to1566 Expanded empire to the west

Suleyman built mosques that made the capital beautiful

The mosque was built between 1609 and 1616 by order of the Sultan Ahmed I, after whom it is named. He is buried in the mosque's precincts. It is located in the oldest part of Istanbul, in what was before 1453 the centre of Constantinople, the capital of the Byzantine Empire.

16th century Golden Age of Ottoman Empire

During Suleyman I reign, the Ottoman Empire was the richest and most powerful in Europe and SW Asia• Controlled trade of southwest Asia and

Europe’s access to goods from the east

By 1566, Suleyman I died but was the best known Muslim leader in the world

Impact of Ottoman’s Rule

All Ottoman rulers followed Islam As the empire grew, Islamic culture spread Western Europe was mainly a Christian

culture• The West treated the Ottoman Empire as a

threat because of the large Islamic population• European Christians feared the spread of Islam

Fear affects Trade All trade routes to the east were Ottoman

controlled – the Empire had access to the Persian Gulf, the Black Sea, and the Mediterranean Sea.

Europe and Asia were linked by Ottoman trade routes.

Many European traders did not want to trade with the Ottomans because of the fear of Islam

Therefore, Western Europeans began to search for other ways to reach Asia

This search led to the Age of Exploration in Europe

Decline of the Ottoman Empire

After Suleyman’s death, the Empire declined over the next 300 years

The empire gained and lost territory often• First, the empire lost parts of Europe. It

was called the “Sick Man of Europe.”• Due to the fear of Islam, Europe did not

want to trade with the Ottomans Led to economic decline and weakness Europe able to take back territories

Before Decline

Decline

Decline continued… By 1800s, empire near bankrupt and could not

compete with Europe In the early 1900s, Ottoman empire very weak

and therefore sided with the Central Powers in WWI• Allied Powers (England, France, Russia, and the USA)

won WWI Not good enough by 1918, Ottoman Empire

ended• Treaty of Sevres split the land of the empire among the

Allied powers October 29, 1923 modern Turkish republic

declared

Ottoman Empire WWI

Turkey

One of the first members of the United Nations

Today, Turkey is the largest Muslim country in Europe

Turkey Map

Exit Ticket

How did trade affect the rise and fall of the Ottoman Empire?• In complete sentences, state two

contributing factors for both the rise and fall of the empire.