THE SPANISH-AMERIC

AN WARChapter 7 Section 2

Page 206-212

Unrest in Cuba

⬜ In the late 1800’s, Cubans were unhappy with Spanish rule

⬜ Cubans launched a series of revolts against Spanish rule

⬜ Jose’ Marti- a Cuban revolutionary who became a hero after dying in battle

Jose’ Marti

Concentration Camps

⬜ Spain sent General Valeriano Weyler to Cuba to try and stop the rebels

⬜ Weyler placed thousands of Cubans into concentration camps where many died of starvation and disease

⬜ This mistreatment shocked many Americans

America gets War Fever

⬜ William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer were newspaper publishers in New York

⬜ Yellow Journalism- sensational reporting to promote a cause such as war

⬜ Both publishers used this to drum up support for the Cuban rebels

McKinley’s Reluctance

⬜ POTUS McKinley was reluctant to involve the U.S. in the situation

⬜ de Lome Letter- written by Spain’s minister to the U.S. that called McKinley weak and unwilling to fight

⬜ The letter was printed by Hearst and it outraged the American public

USS Maine Explodes

⬜ On February 15, 1898, the battleship U.S.S. Maine explodes in Havana harbor

⬜ The explosion killed 260 U.S. sailors

⬜ In March, McKinley demanded Spain give Cuba independence

⬜ On April 25, 1898 Congress declared war on Spain

USS Maine Explodes

War in the Philippines

⬜ Commodore George Dewey was sent by Theodore Roosevelt (who was then assistant secretary of the Navy) to the Philippines to attack the Spanish fleet there

⬜ On May 1, 1898, the U.S. Navy attacked the Spanish fleet in Manila BayCommodore Dewey

Battle of Manila Bay

⬜ The Spanish fleet was no match for the U.S. Navy and within hours the entire Spanish fleet was on fire and sinking

⬜ The Spanish navy lost 400 sailors, but not one American sailor died in the battle

⬜ By August 1898, Spanish forces in the Philippines surrendered

War Fronts

War in Cuba

⬜ Days before the war began, Congress recognized Cuba’s independence and passed the Teller Amendment- this said that once Cuba freed itself from Spain, the U.S. would let them govern themselves

War in Cuba

⬜ Rough Riders- volunteer regiment organized by Teddy Roosevelt

⬜ The U.S. strategy was to take the port city of Santiago

⬜ On July 1, the Rough Riders fought in the Battle of San Juan Hill and captured the city

⬜ Two weeks later, Spanish forces in Cuba surrendered

Results of the War

⬜ In the peace treaty, the U.S. received Cuba, Puerto Rico, and Guam

⬜ They also bought control of the Philippines for $20 million dollars

⬜ The U.S. would later acquire the Pacific island of Samoa

⬜ These new territories became bases for trade and refueling

Samoa

Annexing the Philippines

⬜ After much debate, Congress voted to annex the Philippines

⬜ This led to three years of fighting with Filipino soldiers who did not want annexation

⬜ Finally in 1946, the United States granted full independence to the Philippines

Identify Key People and Terms 7.2 (Page 206-212)

⬜ Jose’ Marti⬜ William Randolph Hearst⬜ Joseph Pulitzer⬜ Yellow Journalism⬜ de Lome letter⬜ USS Maine⬜ George Dewey⬜ Emilio Aquinaldo⬜ Rough Riders⬜ Battle of San Juan Hill

⬜ Who published the New York Journal?

⬜ How many sailors were killed in the explosion of the USS Maine?

⬜ Who was Charles Gridley?⬜ What did the Teller

Amendment state?⬜ On what date did the U.S.

grant the Philippines full independence?

Honors “One-Pager” Page 206-212

⬜ Write a “one-pager” explaining how Yellow Journalism led to the United States involvement in the Cuban situation and eventually led to the start of the Spanish-American War