The Spanish The Spanish American WarAmerican War

Chapter 20 Section 2Chapter 20 Section 2

CUBACUBA

(1) Ruled by Spain(1) Ruled by Spain (2) Cubans (2) Cubans

discontented discontented (3) Cubans rebel(3) Cubans rebel (4) Spain starts (4) Spain starts

“reconcentration”“reconcentration” (5) Cubans relocated; (5) Cubans relocated;

many diemany die (6) Exiles in the U.S. (6) Exiles in the U.S.

want America to helpwant America to help– Ex: Jose MartiEx: Jose Marti Think about it: Which side was justified in its

Actions: Cuba’s rebellion or Spain’s reconcentration?

America’s ReactionAmerica’s Reaction People:People:

– Help rebelsHelp rebels– Protect investmentsProtect investments

PresidentsPresidents– Cleveland - Won’t Cleveland - Won’t

interveneintervene– McKinley - Stay McKinley - Stay

neutralneutral PressPress

– Yellow journalismYellow journalism– Fuel outrage against Fuel outrage against

SpainSpain

Battleship MaineBattleship Maine

(1) Fighting in Havana, (1) Fighting in Havana, CubaCuba

(2) Send (2) Send MaineMaine to to protect American lives protect American lives and propertyand property

(3) Explosion sinks (3) Explosion sinks MaineMaine

(4) U.S. Press blamed (4) U.S. Press blamed SpainSpain

(5) U.S. wants (5) U.S. wants revenge/warrevenge/warRemember the Maine!

Think about it: Why would newspapers seem to want a war?

President McKinleyPresident McKinley

Wants peaceful Wants peaceful settlementsettlement– War would disrupt War would disrupt

economyeconomy Public pressure Public pressure

continuescontinues– Congress declares Congress declares

war on Spainwar on Spain

Think about it: How can wars both hurt and help and economy?

War in PhilippinesWar in Philippines 11stst great battle – not in great battle – not in

CubaCuba Philippines – ruled by Philippines – ruled by

and rebelling against and rebelling against SpainSpain

Dewey sinks entire Dewey sinks entire Spanish fleet at Manila Spanish fleet at Manila Bay, PhilippinesBay, Philippines

Enlist Filipinos to help Enlist Filipinos to help (Ex: Aguinaldo)(Ex: Aguinaldo)

U.S. gains control of U.S. gains control of islandsislandsThink about it: What connection would the Philippines Islands have to Spain and the situation in Cuba?

War in CaribbeanWar in Caribbean

U.S. ground forces U.S. ground forces in Cubain Cuba– ““Rough Riders”Rough Riders”– Blacks and WhitesBlacks and Whites

Destroyed Spanish Destroyed Spanish fleet at Santiagofleet at Santiago

Spanish surrenderSpanish surrender U.S. invades P.R. U.S. invades P.R.

and control itand control itThink about it: What status does Puerto RicoCurrently have? What are pros and cons to this?

Peace TreatyPeace Treaty

Terms:Terms: Spain accepts Cuba Spain accepts Cuba

independenceindependence U.S. gets P.R., U.S. gets P.R.,

Guam, Wake, Guam, Wake, PhilippinesPhilippines

U.S. pays $20 U.S. pays $20 millionmillion

Result: U.S. has an Result: U.S. has an EMPIREEMPIREThink about it: Do you think this peace treaty is fair? Which side (if any) does it favor in your opinion?

Treaty DebateTreaty Debate

Against: (non-expansionists)Against: (non-expansionists)– Violated Declaration of IndependenceViolated Declaration of Independence– Right to self-governmentRight to self-government– Risk future warsRisk future wars

For: (expansionists)For: (expansionists)– Military basesMilitary bases– Business opportunitiesBusiness opportunities– Spread democracySpread democracy

Think about it: With which side to you agree most and why? With which side Would George Washington agree? What about Frederick Turner?

CubaCuba

Does not gain true independenceDoes not gain true independence U.S. forces Platt AmendmentU.S. forces Platt Amendment

– Limit power to make treaties/borrow Limit power to make treaties/borrow moneymoney

– Gives U.S. right to intervene in CubaGives U.S. right to intervene in Cuba– Gives U.S. Naval base at GuantanamoGives U.S. Naval base at Guantanamo– Made Cuba protectorate of U.S.Made Cuba protectorate of U.S.

Think about it: How is Cuba’s new situation similar to or different from itsSituation under Spanish rule?

Puerto RicoPuerto Rico

Limited Self-GovernmentLimited Self-Government Foraker ActForaker Act U.S. developed education and U.S. developed education and

economyeconomy 1917 – P.R. people made U.S. citizens1917 – P.R. people made U.S. citizens

PhilippinesPhilippines

Betrayed with U.S. controlBetrayed with U.S. control Renewed fight for independenceRenewed fight for independence 3 year war – Aguinaldo captured3 year war – Aguinaldo captured 1946 – granted independence1946 – granted independence

Think about it: What isHypocritical about the actionsOf the U.S. toward the Philippines?

Going back…Going back…

Why was the United States Why was the United States interested in the situation between interested in the situation between Cuba and Spain? What event finally Cuba and Spain? What event finally brought the U.S. to war with Spain?brought the U.S. to war with Spain?

What role did the Islands of the What role did the Islands of the Philippines play in the Spanish Philippines play in the Spanish American War?American War?

What did the peace treaty signify in What did the peace treaty signify in terms of America’s role in the world?terms of America’s role in the world?