The Peloponnesian The Peloponnesian WarWar

Athens and Their AlliesAthens and Their Allies

Vs.Vs.

Sparta and Their AlliesSparta and Their Allies

Learning GoalsLearning Goals

The students will understand how the The students will understand how the differences between Sparta and Athens differences between Sparta and Athens eventually lead to the downfall of them eventually lead to the downfall of them both.both.

The students will learn what Pericles did The students will learn what Pericles did for Athens.for Athens.

The students will understand why certain The students will understand why certain groups band together and become allies.groups band together and become allies.

The students will know what effect The students will know what effect Socrates had on Greece and the future.Socrates had on Greece and the future.

Hellenic LeagueHellenic League Most all Greek City States, including Athens.Most all Greek City States, including Athens. All against Persia. Just in case they return, but All against Persia. Just in case they return, but

let’s also take the war to them, and retake the let’s also take the war to them, and retake the Greek City States around the Aegean Sea.Greek City States around the Aegean Sea.

Once an Athenian took over the lead of this Once an Athenian took over the lead of this league, Sparta and its allies left.league, Sparta and its allies left.

They decided to reform the old Peloponnesian They decided to reform the old Peloponnesian League.League.

The Hellenic League became the Delian The Hellenic League became the Delian League (Headquarters the on island of Delos).League (Headquarters the on island of Delos).

Choosing SidesChoosing Sides

If I gave you two people, and told If I gave you two people, and told you to choose a side, how would you to choose a side, how would you choose?you choose?

Is it possible that you might ever Is it possible that you might ever unite? unite?

Delian Delian LeagueLeague

All allies of AthensAll allies of Athens Democratic Democratic

Governments and Governments and Trade economiesTrade economies

Navy supplied and Navy supplied and run by Athensrun by Athens

Others paid a feeOthers paid a fee Could not leave the Could not leave the

league unless league unless dismissed.dismissed.

Peloponnesian Peloponnesian LeagueLeague

All allies of SpartaAll allies of Sparta Oligarchies and Agrarian Oligarchies and Agrarian

(farming) Economies(farming) Economies Had the stronger ArmyHad the stronger Army Voluntary to be a part of Voluntary to be a part of

this leaguethis league

PericlesPericles He was the leader of Athens during its He was the leader of Athens during its “GOLDEN AGE” “GOLDEN AGE” in in

which the Athens formed the which the Athens formed the DELIAN LEAGUEDELIAN LEAGUE = =city-states city-states give Athens money to be ready for future Persian invasions. give Athens money to be ready for future Persian invasions. Under his rule of 40 years he:Under his rule of 40 years he:

1.1. Rebuilds temples destroyed by the Persians including the Rebuilds temples destroyed by the Persians including the ParthenonParthenon

2.2. Built the Built the Long WallsLong Walls connecting Athens to the sea for defense connecting Athens to the sea for defense

3.3. Had art, philosophy, and literature growHad art, philosophy, and literature grow

4.4. Led Athens in the Peloponnesian WarLed Athens in the Peloponnesian War• Video Review

The Peloponnesian War

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War Pericles builds the walls to Pericles builds the walls to

Piraeus.Piraeus.

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War Athens forbade a Spartan ally to Athens forbade a Spartan ally to

trade.trade. Athenians attacked Spartan ally ar

ound 433 BCE. LET’S GET IT ON!!!!LET’S GET IT ON!!!! Pericles advised Athenians to lock Pericles advised Athenians to lock

themselves in his new walls, themselves in his new walls, hoping Sparta would get tired after hoping Sparta would get tired after a few years.a few years.

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Pericles GamblePericles Gamble Athenians did not want to hide. PRIDE!!!Athenians did not want to hide. PRIDE!!! Plague struck. Lasted 4 years. Killed 1/4-1/3 Plague struck. Lasted 4 years. Killed 1/4-1/3

of all Athenians.of all Athenians. Athenians came out to fight.Athenians came out to fight. Both won and lost battles.Both won and lost battles. Peace treaty in 421, but did not last long. Peace treaty in 421, but did not last long.

Athens just bought time to regroup.Athens just bought time to regroup. Spartans eventually won.Spartans eventually won. War ended around 404 BCE. Lasted almost War ended around 404 BCE. Lasted almost

30 years.30 years.

Peloponnesian WarPeloponnesian War

Democracy ended, for now.Democracy ended, for now. Spartans set up an oligarchy of 30 Spartans set up an oligarchy of 30

men.men. Eventually Spartans began to collect Eventually Spartans began to collect

money from other city states, but to money from other city states, but to belong to the Peloponnesian League belong to the Peloponnesian League was supposed to be voluntary.was supposed to be voluntary.

Both city-states were weakened by the Both city-states were weakened by the war.war.

The Fall of Sparta The Fall of Sparta

Spartans attacked Thebes.Spartans attacked Thebes. Thebans defeated the SpartansThebans defeated the Spartans Few Greeks were willing to fight for the Few Greeks were willing to fight for the

survival of the Peloponnesian League. survival of the Peloponnesian League. It disintegrated in the following years It disintegrated in the following years

and was dismantled in 365.and was dismantled in 365. Sparta was no longer a power as it Sparta was no longer a power as it

once was.once was. Democracy, but not power, returned to Democracy, but not power, returned to

Athens.Athens.

ReviewReview

At its height the Delian League numbered some two At its height the Delian League numbered some two hundred members which met annually on Delos. hundred members which met annually on Delos. Athens was its undisputed leader and gradually used Athens was its undisputed leader and gradually used the alliance as a springboard for its own imperial the alliance as a springboard for its own imperial ambitions. By 454, when the League's treasury was ambitions. By 454, when the League's treasury was transferred to Athens and used to fund monuments of transferred to Athens and used to fund monuments of imperial splendor such as the Parthenon, it had imperial splendor such as the Parthenon, it had become an empire in all but name. Five years later a become an empire in all but name. Five years later a permanent peace was made with the Persians and its permanent peace was made with the Persians and its very reason for existing was no longer valid.very reason for existing was no longer valid.

The League and the power it gave Athens over the rest The League and the power it gave Athens over the rest of Greece were to become one of the major reasons for of Greece were to become one of the major reasons for the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and its allies.the Peloponnesian War against Sparta and its allies.

•As the Athenians try to expand their trade and empire they come into conflict with an ally of Sparta leading to the Peloponnesian War.

•Sparta only wins the war after over 30 years of fighting by getting the Persians to give them a fleet.

•The Athenians lose power as the most powerful city-state.

•Sparta will not rule long after the war as the city-state of Thebes will take power from the Spartans.

ReviewReviewPeloponnesian War in Song

Part 1Part 1 Part 2Part 2 Part 3Part 3 Part 4Part 4 Part 5Part 5 Part 6Part 6

Learning GoalsLearning Goals

The students will understand how the The students will understand how the differences between Sparta and differences between Sparta and Athens eventually lead to the Athens eventually lead to the downfall of them both.downfall of them both.

The students will learn what Pericles The students will learn what Pericles did for Athens.did for Athens.

The students will understand why The students will understand why certain groups band together and certain groups band together and become allies.become allies.

Big Quarterly QuestionBig Quarterly Question

How did the Athenians react to the How did the Athenians react to the teachings of Socrates?teachings of Socrates?

They thought his ideas were dangerous.They thought his ideas were dangerous.