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The Politics of Reducing Malnutrition: Building Commitment and Accelerating Impact
Stuart Gillespie1, Lawrence Haddad2, Venkatesh Mannar3, Purnima Menon1, Nick Nisbett2 and the Maternal and Child Nutrition Study Group
1 International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)2 Institute for Development Studies3 The Micronutrient Initiative
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The Politics of Reducing Malnutrition: Building Commitment and Accelerating Impact
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Shifts in the Nutrition Landscape
2008•Stewardship of the nutrition system
dysfunctional and deeply fragmented •New evidence base introduced in the
2008 Lancet Series, identified critical 1,000 day window
•Pinpointed a package of highly effective interventions for reducing undernutrition
•Proposed a group of “high burden” countries as priorities for increased investment
2013•Nutrition significantly elevated on the
global agenda•Launch of the Scaling Up Nutrition (SUN)
Movement in 2010: a major step toward improved stewardship of nutrition architecture
•Nearly every major development agency has published a policy document on undernutrition
•Donors have increased ODA to basic nutrition by more than 60 percent between 2008 and 2011, amidst a very difficult fiscal climate
•Nutrition is now more prominent on the agendas of the United Nations, the G8 and G20 and supporting civil society
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The Challenges
To maintain global commitment
To accelerate country level commitment
To convert commitment into action
To accelerate improvements in nutrition status
Improvements in nutrition status are lagging behind economic growth
A More Collective Approach is Needed
A “whole of society” approach to combine resources and know-how
• Beyond government, e.g. business and civil society• Beyond the usual sectors, e.g. education and ICT
Need to create an “enabling environment” for nutrition • Enable these actors to come together • Enable the emergence of new champions• Incentivise them to do the right things for nutrition
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Characterising Enabling Environments
What does an enabling environment for undernutrition reduction look like?
Three vital factors for creating momentum and converting it to impact:
Framing, knowledge
and evidence
Politics and governance
Capacity and
financial resources
Impact
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Key Features of an Enabling Environment
•To draw actors in and show they can make a contribution
New Framing and Evidence
•To understand and navigate competing agendas•To make the stakeholders’ commitments to nutrition visible and to
promote accountability
Politics and Governance
•To coordinate actions and to deliver, effectively, at scale
Human and Financial Resources
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Nutrition Narratives
• Nutrition for Growth
• Supercharging the Demographic Dividend
• Nourishing Minds
• Child Survival
• Hidden Hunger
• The First Step in Preventing NCDs in later life
Narratives need to be backed up with credible evidence
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Politics and Governance
Vertical coordination
high
Good cross-sectoral coordination
&Good cooperation between
centre and local levels
low
low highHorizontal coordination
Malawi, Peru
Maharashtra
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Commitment to Nutrition is Not the Same as a Commitment to Hunger Reduction
Capacity to Deliver:Prioritising, Sequencing, Scaling Actions
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•Nutrition needs more leaders
Individual
•What can one nutrition champion do within an organisation that does not support her?
Organisational
•Are there spaces for stakeholders to come together?•Are roles clearly defined?
System
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Resources for Nutrition: Look everywhere but be guided by a plan, with checks and balances
Country type
High-burde
n countries
Create budget lines, Increase commitments,Find nutrition sensitive
opportunities
Fortification,Logistics,
Local innovationMarket purchases
Donor
countries Increase commitments,
Create incentives that leverage high burden
Risk sharing and pooling,Innovation start ups Ethical trading
Public-only Private-public networks
Private-only
Resources for Nutrition
Enabling environments are needed to bring stakeholders together in harmony for nutrition
Key features of enabling environments for nutrition:• Collective approach, political approach, accountability strengthened,
strengthened capacity at all levels, more creativity around resource mobilisation with stronger checks and balances
Leadership at all levels is fundamentally important – for creating and sustaining momentum and converting it to impact
Operational research on how to scale up and a shift to the “why?” and “how?” as well as the “what” of effectiveness
Undernutrition reduction can be accelerated through deliberate action
Let’s not wait for political will, let’s will our politicians to act
Paper 4 Key Messages
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