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The Present Tense of Stem-Changing Verbs: e ie, e i, o ue, u ue(El tiempo presente de los verbos de cambio
radical)
• Stem changing infinitives are named for what they do– change in the stem.
• There are some mixed verbs : “Go” verbs and “stem changing” in the same time
• We always change the vowel that is the closest to the ending
• The ending terminations depend on the ending or each verb : AR, ER or IR terminations
There is a fairly large group of verbs in Spanish that undergo changes in their stem when conjugated in the present tense.
These changes occur only in the first and second persons singular and third persons singular and plural.
When a line is drawn around the forms that change, the resulting shape vaguely resembles a boot or high-top shoe; thus, these verbs
are sometimes informally called “boot” or “shoe” verbs.
There are four types or classes of “boot” verbs.
entender
entiendoentiendesentiende
entendemosentendéisentienden
Type 1: e ieWe’ll use entender, to understand, as an example of this
type.
The stem undergoes the change only when stressed.
Here are some other common e ie verbs:
empezar, comenzar to begin
pensar to think
perder to lose
querer to want, to love
preferir to prefer
entender to understand
tengotienestiene
tenemostenéistienen
Tener (to have), venir (to come)The verbs tener and venir are what might be called partial stem-changing verbs; the yo forms do not have the stem
change, but they do have an irregularity.
vengovienesviene
venimosvenísvienen
Tengo exámenes mañana.
I have exams tomorrow.
Vengo de la biblioteca. I’m coming from the library.
servir
sirvosirvessirve
servimosservíssirven
Type 2: e iWe’ll use servir, to serve, as an example of this type.
Note: All e i verbs are -ir verbs.
Here are some other common e i verbs:
pedir To ask for, to orderrepetir To repeat
reir To laugh
sonreir To smile
decir
seguir
To say, to tell
To follow
almorzar
almuerzoalmuerzasalmuerza
almorzamosalmorzáisalmuerzan
Type 3: o ueWe’ll use almorzar, to have lunch, as an example of this
type.
Here are some other common o ue verbs:
devolver
to return (to a place)
almorzar To have lunch
dormir to sleep
encontrar to find
poder to be able; canrecordar to remembersoñar (con) to dream (about)
To return (something)
volver
jugar
juegojuegasjuega
jugamosjugáisjuegan
The verb jugar, to play (games or sports), follows the same pattern as o ue verbs, but the change is u
ue.
Type 4: u ue
FIN