The PresidencyThe Presidency

Chapter 13Chapter 13

The PresidencyThe Presidency

In your opinion…which would be in your top In your opinion…which would be in your top 5?5?

Bottom 5Bottom 5

Presidential RankingsPresidential Rankings

What Qualities make for a good What Qualities make for a good President?President?

The PresidencyThe Presidency

What kind of experience do you think is What kind of experience do you think is necessary in order to be president?necessary in order to be president?

The PresidencyThe Presidency

Do you think the daily schedule that was Do you think the daily schedule that was depicted in depicted in The American PresidentThe American President was was accurate?accurate?

President Carter DiaryPresident Carter Diary

““When I ran for the When I ran for the presidency…I knew this presidency…I knew this country faced serious country faced serious challenges, but I could not challenges, but I could not realize-nor could any man realize-nor could any man who does not bear the who does not bear the burdens of this office-how burdens of this office-how heavy and constant would heavy and constant would be those burdens.”be those burdens.”– JFKJFK

QualificationsQualifications

35 years old35 years old Natural born citizenNatural born citizen 14 year resident14 year resident

Other Qualifications?Other Qualifications?

Roles of PresidentRoles of President Of StateOf State

– What does this mean?What does this mean?– Ceremonial or Functional?Ceremonial or Functional?

ExecutiveExecutive– ““most powerful office in the world”most powerful office in the world”– CEO of bureaucracy of 2.2 million CEO of bureaucracy of 2.2 million

employeesemployees AdministratorAdministrator

– Millions/Trillions of DollarsMillions/Trillions of Dollars DiplomatDiplomat Commander inCommander in

– militarymilitary LegislatorLegislator

– Example in “American Pres.”Example in “American Pres.”– Sets Congress agendaSets Congress agenda

Of party…whatOf party…what does this mean? does this mean? CitizenCitizen

Roles of PresidentRoles of PresidentDiplomatDiplomat

““I make Foreign Policy”I make Foreign Policy”– Harry S TrumanHarry S Truman

““support free peoples support free peoples who are resisting who are resisting attempted subjugation attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by armed minorities or by outside pressures“by outside pressures“– Truman Doctrine Truman Doctrine

Roles of PresidentRoles of PresidentDiplomatDiplomat

More Recently: Bush More Recently: Bush DoctrineDoctrine

To forestall or prevent such hostile To forestall or prevent such hostile acts by our adversaries, the United acts by our adversaries, the United States will, if necessary, act States will, if necessary, act preemptively in exercising our preemptively in exercising our inherent right of self-defense. The inherent right of self-defense. The United States will not resort to force United States will not resort to force in all cases to preempt emerging in all cases to preempt emerging threats. Our preference is that threats. Our preference is that nonmilitary actions succeed. And no nonmilitary actions succeed. And no country should ever use preemption country should ever use preemption as a pretext for aggression.as a pretext for aggression.

Roles of PresidentRoles of PresidentCitizenCitizen

Leno asked Obama about his Leno asked Obama about his bowling prowess, or lack bowling prowess, or lack thereof. That was the popular thereof. That was the popular joke during the campaign. joke during the campaign. Obama proudly said he Obama proudly said he recently bowled a 129, and as recently bowled a 129, and as Leno was mocking it, Obama Leno was mocking it, Obama joined in and compared it to joined in and compared it to the Special Olympics. "It's like the Special Olympics. "It's like -- it was like Special -- it was like Special Olympics, or something.“Olympics, or something.“

OOPS….OOPS…. Why the BIG DEAL?Why the BIG DEAL?

Roles of PresidentRoles of PresidentCitizenCitizen

Bill Clinton / Monica Bill Clinton / Monica Lewinsky affairLewinsky affair

Oops…Why the BIG Oops…Why the BIG DEAL?DEAL?

Roles of PresidentRoles of PresidentCitizenCitizen

““The Presidency is not merely The Presidency is not merely an administrative office…it is an administrative office…it is a place of moral leadership.”a place of moral leadership.”

- FDR- FDR

Terms of PresidentTerms of President

2 Term Custom2 Term Custom FDR…Broke traditionFDR…Broke tradition Led to 22Led to 22ndnd

AmendmentAmendment

Should there be Should there be presidential term presidential term limits?limits?

Term limit debateTerm limit debate

ProPro– Safeguard against “executive tyranny”Safeguard against “executive tyranny”

ConCon– Undermines 2Undermines 2ndnd half of 2 half of 2ndnd term term

Longer lame duck period…look at BushLonger lame duck period…look at Bush

– UndemocraticUndemocratic

Pay and BenefitsPay and Benefits

$400, 000 currently….$25,000 in 1789$400, 000 currently….$25,000 in 1789– Which is more?Which is more?

$50,000 expense account$50,000 expense account White HouseWhite House

– ““best public housing or jewel of the prison systembest public housing or jewel of the prison system Offices and staffOffices and staff Air Force One…other transportationAir Force One…other transportation Camp DavidCamp David Best medical careBest medical care

Pay and BenefitsPay and Benefits

Is the pay and benefits enough Is the pay and benefits enough to get the most qualified people to get the most qualified people to run for president?to run for president?

If not how much?If not how much?

H. Ross PerotH. Ross Perot

www.livingroomcandidate.orgwww.livingroomcandidate.org

Lee IacoccaLee Iacocca

Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession

““In case of the removal In case of the removal of the President from of the President from Office or his death or Office or his death or resignation. The Vice resignation. The Vice President shall President shall become President.”become President.”– 2525thth Amendment Amendment

Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession

Why 25Why 25thth Amendment Necessary? Amendment Necessary?

Originally it stated the duties of president Originally it stated the duties of president transfer to VP…implies that it is temporarytransfer to VP…implies that it is temporary

How is presidential disability declaredHow is presidential disability declared

Final Jeopardy Question #1Final Jeopardy Question #1

The only President of the The only President of the United States not to have A United States not to have A Vice President.Vice President.

AnswerAnswer

Who is this man?Who is this man?

Chester A. Arthur (21)Chester A. Arthur (21) Became President Became President

after James Garfield after James Garfield was assassinated in was assassinated in 18811881

Lost nomination bid in Lost nomination bid in 18841884

Died 1886Died 1886

Presidential DisabilityPresidential Disability

No provision in No provision in ConstitutionConstitution

What if stroke- WilsonWhat if stroke- Wilson Lingers in Death-GarfieldLingers in Death-Garfield 2525thth Amendment Amendment

– Pres informs congress in Pres informs congress in writingwriting

– VP and Majority of Cabinet VP and Majority of Cabinet inform Congress in writinginform Congress in writing

Air Force OneAir Force One

Presidential SuccessionPresidential Succession The Vice President The Vice President Joseph BidenJoseph Biden Speaker of the House Speaker of the House Nancy PelosiNancy Pelosi –How important is this position? –How important is this position? President pro tempore of the Senate1 President pro tempore of the Senate1 Robert ByrdRobert Byrd Secretary of State Secretary of State Hillary Rodham ClintonHillary Rodham Clinton Secretary of the Treasury Secretary of the Treasury Timothy Timothy GeithnerGeithner Secretary of Defense Secretary of Defense Robert GatesRobert Gates Attorney General Attorney General Eric HolderEric Holder Secretary of the Interior Secretary of the Interior Ken SalazarKen Salazar Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Agriculture Tom Tom VilsackVilsack Secretary of Commerce Secretary of Commerce Gary LockeGary Locke2 2 Secretary of Labor Secretary of Labor Hilda SolisHilda Solis Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius2 Secretary of Health and Human Services Kathleen Sebelius2 Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Secretary of Housing and Urban Development Shaun DonovanShaun Donovan Secretary of Transportation Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHoodRay LaHood Secretary of Energy Secretary of Energy Stephen ChuStephen Chu Secretary of Education Secretary of Education Arne DuncanArne Duncan Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki Secretary of Veterans Affairs Eric Shinseki Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano Secretary of Homeland Security Janet Napolitano

Vice PresidentVice President

Constitutional Duties?Constitutional Duties?– Preside over the SenatePreside over the Senate– Help decide the Help decide the

question of Presidential question of Presidential disability.disability.

Why Chosen?Why Chosen?

Vice PresidentVice President

““Balance the Ticket”Balance the Ticket”– Strengthens President’s chance at winning Strengthens President’s chance at winning

election by virtue of certain ideological, election by virtue of certain ideological, geographic, racial, ethnic, gender, or other geographic, racial, ethnic, gender, or other characteristics.characteristics.

11stst Woman Vice President Candidate Woman Vice President Candidate

Geraldine FerraroGeraldine Ferraro 1984 Democratic 1984 Democratic

Candidate Walter Candidate Walter Mondale.Mondale.

Lost to President Lost to President Reagan Reagan

Election ResultsElection Results

Vice PresidentVice President

John GarnerJohn Garner VP for FDR’s 1VP for FDR’s 1stst 2 2

termsterms ““The Vice Presidency The Vice Presidency

is not worth a warm is not worth a warm pitcher of spit.”pitcher of spit.”

Historically, Not an Historically, Not an important office!important office!

Vice President today?Vice President today?

Much more influential due to expanding role Much more influential due to expanding role of presidentof president

Dick Cheney…abuse of power?Dick Cheney…abuse of power? Only Executive branch position that cannot Only Executive branch position that cannot

be fired….elected by peoplebe fired….elected by people

Vice PresidentVice President

Succession…No more instances of Chester Succession…No more instances of Chester A. ArthurA. Arthur– 2525thth Amendment Amendment– ““the the President shall nominatePresident shall nominate a Vice President a Vice President

who shall take office upon who shall take office upon confirmation by a confirmation by a majority vote of both Houses of Congressmajority vote of both Houses of Congress

Final Jeopardy Question #2Final Jeopardy Question #2

The only President of the United States who The only President of the United States who was never elected.was never elected.

Who is this man?Who is this man?

Gerald FordGerald Ford Nixon’s 1Nixon’s 1stst VP, Spiro VP, Spiro

Agnew resigned, Ford Agnew resigned, Ford Became VPBecame VP

Nixon resigned, Ford Nixon resigned, Ford became Pres.became Pres.

Presidential SelectionPresidential SelectionThe Framers’ PlanThe Framers’ Plan

Most time spent at Constitutional Most time spent at Constitutional ConventionConvention

Other Methods discussedOther Methods discussed– Direct ElectionDirect Election– Chosen by CongressChosen by Congress

Why Electoral CollegeWhy Electoral College– ““the most enlightened and respectable citizens”the most enlightened and respectable citizens”– ““free agents”- choose best qualified presidentfree agents”- choose best qualified president

Electoral CollegeElectoral College

VideoVideo Worked great for Worked great for

WashingtonWashington Started to break down Started to break down

in 1796in 1796– Adams –PresidentAdams –President

(Federalist)(Federalist)– Jefferson-Vice PresJefferson-Vice Pres

(Dem-Rep)(Dem-Rep)

Election of 1800Election of 1800

http://http://www.270towin.comwww.270towin.com

Tie between Jefferson Tie between Jefferson and Aaron Burrand Aaron Burr

H of R chose Jefferson H of R chose Jefferson on the 32on the 32ndnd ballot ballot

Led to famous duel Led to famous duel between Burr and between Burr and HamiltonHamilton

Important outcomes of 1800 electionImportant outcomes of 1800 election

Introduction of 3 new Introduction of 3 new elements to the elements to the presidential selection presidential selection process.process.– Nomination processNomination process– Nomination of Nomination of

presidential electorspresidential electors– Automatic casting of Automatic casting of

electoral voteselectoral votes No more “free agent”No more “free agent”

Important outcomes of 1800 electionImportant outcomes of 1800 election

1212thth Amendment Amendment– …….separate ballots of President and Vice .separate ballots of President and Vice

President.President.– No more fiasco until 1968No more fiasco until 1968

Role of Political ConventionsRole of Political Conventions

In past..nomination of In past..nomination of presidential candidatespresidential candidates

Now..made for TV Now..made for TV political eventpolitical event

Showcase future Showcase future leadership of partyleadership of party

Keynote addressKeynote address Party platformParty platform

Role of Political ConventionsRole of Political Conventions

3 main goals3 main goals– Name party’s candidate Name party’s candidate

for Prez and VPfor Prez and VP– Bring various factions of Bring various factions of

party together for party together for common purposecommon purpose

– Adopt party platformAdopt party platform Basic principlesBasic principles Stand on policy mattersStand on policy matters Objective for campaignObjective for campaign

Who is Nominated?Who is Nominated?

Incumbents…always. Why?Incumbents…always. Why? Governors and Senators.Governors and Senators. Protestants…exceptions…Dem. CatholicsProtestants…exceptions…Dem. Catholics Large StatesLarge States

Who is Nominated?Who is Nominated?

Television has Television has changed the processchanged the process

Appearance vs. Appearance vs. content of what is said.content of what is said.

Speaking ability a mustSpeaking ability a must

Who is Nominated?Who is Nominated?

No Woman or minority a major player until No Woman or minority a major player until this past election cycle!this past election cycle!

Presidential PrimariesPresidential Primaries

Gained favor after Gained favor after 1968.1968.

Selection of Selection of candidates at grass candidates at grass roots levelroots level

DNC 1968 ConventionDNC 1968 Convention

Primaries TodayPrimaries Today

Very hard to describe Very hard to describe due to various state due to various state lawslaws

New Hampshire 1New Hampshire 1stst

Why?Why?

Why NH?Why NH?

Law states… “primary Law states… “primary on the Tuesday of the on the Tuesday of the week before the date week before the date on which any other on which any other state schedules its state schedules its contest.”contest.”

IN during the 1IN during the 1stst week in May week in May

Mr. B was so excited Mr. B was so excited to vote in the May of to vote in the May of 2008 presidential 2008 presidential Primary…..Why?Primary…..Why?

IN during the 1IN during the 1stst week in May week in May

Date “late” in the Date “late” in the primary process.primary process.

Winner-take-all format Winner-take-all format of most Republican of most Republican primaries…candidate primaries…candidate already selectedalready selected

Even in Democratic Even in Democratic Proportional system…Proportional system…candidate already candidate already chosenchosen

IN during the 1IN during the 1stst week in May 2008 week in May 2008

Primary system was Primary system was sent to the last “round”sent to the last “round”

11stst time since 1968… time since 1968…Indiana had a say in Indiana had a say in the Presidential the Presidential primary process.primary process.

Is Primary System Is Primary System Fair?Fair?

Solutions?Solutions?

Presidential ElectionPresidential Election

Information overloadInformation overload– What is true?What is true?

Non Stop campaignNon Stop campaign Role of technologyRole of technology Role of Media…TV adsRole of Media…TV ads

– Daisy GirlDaisy Girl– Scare tacticsScare tactics

Electoral College is like the World Electoral College is like the World SeriesSeries

1991 World 1991 World SeriesSeries

AtlantaAtlanta TwinsTwins

Game 1Game 1 22 55

Game 2Game 2 22 33

Game 3Game 3 55 44

Game 4Game 4 33 22

Game 5Game 5 1414 55

Game 6Game 6 33 44

Game 7Game 7 00 11

Total RunsTotal Runs 2929 2424

Total GamesTotal Games 33 44

Electoral CollegeElectoral College How it worksHow it works FlawsFlaws Voters in each State Voters in each State

vote for electors for a vote for electors for a party’s presidential and party’s presidential and vice presidential vice presidential candidatescandidates

State’s votes are State’s votes are awarded on a winner awarded on a winner take all basis take all basis

- Winner of national - Winner of national popular vote may not popular vote may not win electoral votewin electoral vote– 2000 Election2000 Election

- electors may break - electors may break their pledges to vote their pledges to vote for candidatesfor candidates

- election decided by H - election decided by H of R if not majority of R if not majority

District PlanDistrict PlanHow it worksHow it works FlawsFlaws

2 electors would be 2 electors would be chosen from each chosen from each State at large and State at large and would cast their votes would cast their votes according to popular according to popular votevote

Others would be Others would be elected separately by elected separately by congressional district. congressional district.

popular vote may not popular vote may not win the electoral votewin the electoral vote

possible possible gerrymanderinggerrymandering

Proportional PlanProportional PlanHow it worksHow it works FlawsFlaws

Candidates would Candidates would receive the same receive the same percentage of a states percentage of a states electoral vote as he or electoral vote as he or she receives in the she receives in the State’s popular voteState’s popular vote

The election may not The election may not produce a clear winnerproduce a clear winner

3rd parties would gain 3rd parties would gain power power

– Would a 3Would a 3rdrd party be a party be a bad thing?bad thing?

Direct Popular ElectionDirect Popular ElectionHow it worksHow it works FlawFlaw

The electoral college The electoral college would be scrapped and the would be scrapped and the President and VP would President and VP would be elected by popular votebe elected by popular vote

Requires a Constitutional Requires a Constitutional AmendmentAmendment

Would weaken federalismWould weaken federalism Small states would oppose Small states would oppose

itit May not produce a clear May not produce a clear

winner if a majority voter winner if a majority voter were required were required

National Bonus PlanNational Bonus PlanHow it worksHow it works FlawFlaw

Electoral votes as they Electoral votes as they are noware now

Pool of 102 awarded to Pool of 102 awarded to winner of popular votewinner of popular vote

If a tie, run off election If a tie, run off election of top 2 contenders of top 2 contenders

not well known or not well known or understoodunderstood