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The process of joining together monomers is known as POLYMERIZATION
Primary Protein Structure
The primary structure is the specific sequence of amino acids in a protein
Amino Acid
Protein Structures
Hydrogen bond
Pleated sheet
Amino acid
(a) Primary structure
Hydrogen bond
Alpha helix
(b) Secondary structure
Polypeptide(single subunit)
(c) Tertiary structure
(d) Quaternary structure
Polysaccharides
•Complex carbohydrates
Composed of many sugar monomers linked togetherPolymers of monosaccharide chains
Examples of Polysaccharides
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Glucose Monomer
QUIZ
D.
B.
A.
C.
1. Which of the following depicts a PROTEIN?
2. Which row in the chart below contains correct information concerning synthesis?
ROW MONOMER – BUILDING BLOCK
SUBSTANCE MADE USING BUILDING BLOCKS
1 AMINO ACIDS PROTEIN
2 SIMPLE SUGARS DNA
3 NUCLEOTIDES STARCH
4 GLUCOSE (MONOSACCHARAIDE)
LIPID
3. Bodybuilders require a lot of protein to strengthen their muscles. What would you suggest he/or she do?
A.Eat a lot of carbohydrates to grow large muscles.
B.Eat more eggs, fish, chicken, steakC.Sleep more so proteins can produce in
the stomach.D.Do 100 pushups nightly to increase the
production of white blood cells
4. A lab student is observing LIPIDS in the laboratory. How will the lab student know they they are looking at is a lipid?
A.It will look waxy and oilyB.It will sparkle in rainbow colored
hexagonsC.It will be appear white, solid, and
full of crystalsD.It will smell like fish, eggs, and
chicken
5. Which of the following biomolecules is the main source of energy for living things?
A. CarbohydateB. LipidC. Nucleic AcidD. Protein
6. Proteins fold into millions of different kinds of shapes. What determines the shape of the protein?
• A. The type of environment it is in• B. The mood of the protein• C. The types and order of amino
acids• D. The foods we eat
THE END
NUCLEIC ACIDS
• DNA & RNA • Made of nucleotides• Contain C, H, O, N & P• Contain genetic information• Control the activities of cells
HandOut
BOX ON FRONT TABLE
ENZYME
Enzymes
Enzymes are proteins that are used by the cell to speed up and regulate metabolic reactions. Enzymes are biological catalysts that remain unchanged by the reaction.
EnzymesThe substrate is temporarily bound to its enzyme at the active site. The enzyme may change shape slightly to accommodate the substrate.
ENZYMES ARE VERY PICKY.ENZYMES ARE VERY PICKY!!!!
IF TEMPERATUREIF IT GETS TOO HOT, TOO COLD –
THEY CHANGE SHAPE
pH IF IT BECOMES TOO ACIDIC –
THEY CHANGE SHAPE