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Progressivism An early 20th century reform movement
Four Major Goals:• Return control of gov’t to the people• Restore economic opportunity• Correct injustices• Moral improvement
Progressives & Solutions
• Jane Addams - settlement houses (Hull House)
• Cities:– Chlorination– Plumbing & ventilation
(dumbbell tenements)– Sanitation, police, fire
depts..– Brick/stone buildings
Labor Problems• Working conditions• Long hours, low pay 12+ hours 6-7 days a week,• 1899 women $269 a year, men $498• Carnegie $23 million no taxes• “Yellow-dog” contracts- a contract between a worker and an
employer in which, as a condition of employment, the worker agrees not to remain in or join a union.
• Injuries/death• Child labor (2 million in 1910)• %20 of boys full time jobs, %10 of girls
Labor Solutions• Unions:
– AFL (strikes)
– Knights of Labor (arbitration)
• Muller v. Oregon (Supreme Court) State could legally limit women’s working hours
• Worker compensation
• Collective bargaining
• Keating Owen Act- prohibited the transportation of goods made with child labor across state lines
Progressives & Solutions• Labels untruthful• Wretched meat• Contaminated products• Commission to investigate• Public criticism (The
Jungle)• Laws:
– Meat Inspection Act– Pure Food & Drug Act
Progressives & Solutions• Ida Tarbell• Trusts made illegal
– Sherman Anti-Trust Act– Clayton Anti-Trust Act
• Govt. agencies created to be “watchdogs”– Interstate Commerce
Commission– Federal Trade Commission
• Reduced tariffs (Underwood Tariff)
• Elkins Act- RR rebates• Hepburn Act-free RR passes• Income tax: 16th
Amendment to the Constitution
Progressives & Solutions• “Political Machines”
– Controlled jobs, licenses, bought votes, graft, kickbacks, bribery, hired friends
• Pendleton Act- civil service commission
• 17th Amendment- direct election of senators
• Robert La Follette
• State reforms:– Initiative- leg can be from people
– Referendum- voted by people
– recall
Progressives & Solutions
• Industrial waste
• Leveled forests
• Overgrazed plains
• Spoil dumps
• Flooding from timber ind.
• TR & John Muir– National Reclamation Act
– National Parks
– Wildlife Refuges
Progressives & Solutions
• No Votes for Afr-Am.– Literacy test, poll tax
• Jim Crow Laws• Yield sidewalk• Discrimination• NAACP• No Votes for Women• Domestics, factories,
clerks• 19th Amendment