THE PROTESTANT

REFORMATION

Understanding the Religious Divisions

in Europe

Renaissance circa 1400-1600s

� Ends Dark Ages / Middle Age

� Starts in Northern Italy

� Rebirth of art, literature, architecture,

philosophy, technology, science, and music.philosophy, technology, science, and music.

� Challenges Catholic Church’s power.

Renaissance- Humanist Movement

� Revival of Ancient Greek and Roman cultures

� Books from these cultures were lost for many

years

� Studied Ancient history, art, poetry, � Studied Ancient history, art, poetry,

philosophy, science, and literature

� Made improvements

� Everyone wanted to be a “Renaissance Man”

Architecture

Renaissance Art

Famous People- Da Vinci, Medici,

Michelangelo, Luther, Shakespeare

Do Now

� Create a list of as many different religions as

you can.

CHRISTIANITYDivisions

� Roman Catholic � Protestant

- Lutheranism

- Anglican/Church of England

Episcopalian

Baptist Baptist

Methodist

Pentecostal

- Calvinism

Presbyterian

Reformed

Different Religions of the World

Causes of the Reformation

� Social- The Renaissance thinkers challenge

Catholic Church.

� Political- Many kings resented the Pope.

� Economic- Kings, princes, and merchants � Economic- Kings, princes, and merchants

had to pay taxes to the Catholic Church.

� Religion- Corruption in Catholic Church.

October 31st 1517

Martin Luther nails his 95 Theses to a church door in Wittenberg, Germany.Germany.

Luther’s Problems with the Church

� Indulgences- Priests sold forgiveness of sins

� Corruption in Church-widespread immoral widespread immoral behavior

� Pope and priests had too much power

Quotes from the 95 Theses

� “Every truly repentant Christian has a right to

full remission of penalty and guilt, even

without letters of pardon.” – Martin Luther

� Explain this quote.

Diet of Worms and the Edict of Worms

Luther’s Response to Excommunication

Various Translations Printing Press

Summary of Luther’s Teachings

� Personal

relationship with

God

� Everyone should

read the Bible

� Faith alone is

enough for salvation

The Spread of the Reformation Ideas

� Many Germans separate from the Catholic

Church.

� People read scriptures in native languages.

� Conflicts develop between Catholics and � Conflicts develop between Catholics and

Protestants.

� The challenge to the Church’s authority

spreads throughout Europe.

� New branches of Protestant faiths start.

New Branches of Protestants

� Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I- Church of

England

� John Calvin- Calvinists, Huguenots-

Predestination Predestination

� John Knox- Presbyterians

� Anabaptists- Break into Baptists, Amish, and

Mennonites

� Quakers

Thirty Years War- Protestants rebel

against Catholics.

Protestants in Europe

Henry VIII Starts the Church of England

(Anglican)

� King Henry VIII asks the Pope for a divorce.

� Pope says no to divorce.

King Henry VIII starts � King Henry VIII starts the Church of England.

Queen Elizabeth solidifies Church of

England

� 2nd Act of Supremacy

� Powerful Monarch

� Strengthens British Empire

� Most of Great Britain became Protestant

Catholic Response: The Catholic

Reformation

� Council of Trent- made changes to the Church.

� Formation of Jesuits-group dedicated to increasing number of Catholics.

� Spanish Inquisition-continues

The Long Term Effects / Legacy

� Divisions of the Protestant branch of Christianity

� Numerous conflicts over religion.

� People are encouraged to read the Bible.

� Reading encouraged free thinking.� Reading encouraged free thinking.

� Luther sets an example by challenging the

Church’s authority.