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M O L L U S C A , A N N E L I DA , A RT H RO P O DA
THE PROTOSTOMES
Parazoa no true tissues
Eumetazoa
Multicellularity
Radiata Bilateria
PROTOSTOMES
“mouth first”
DEUTEROSTOMES “mouth second”
COMMON FEATURES
Features Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
# of germ
layers triploblasts
type of
symmetry bilaterally-symmetric
body cavity coelom present
fate of
blastopore mouth develops first
type of
digestive
system
complete digestive system
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES
Features Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda
Etymology molluscus, “soft” annellus
“little ring”
arthron + podos
“joint foot”
General
description
soft-bodied
animals with an
external or
internal shell
soft, segmented
worms
segmented
body, tough
exoskeleton,
jointed
appendages
# of species ~100,000 spp. ~15,000 sp.
~750,000 sp.
(highest sp.
diversity)
MOLLUSK BODY
PLAN
• muscular foot
• mantle
• calcium carbonate shell
• visceral mass
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ham.jpg, http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpg, ,
http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T010708A.gif
http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ham.jpghttp://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ham.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpghttp://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T010708A.gifhttp://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T010708A.gif
ANNELID BODY PLAN
• metameres
or segments
• septa
• setae or
chaetae
• sense
organs
ARTHROPOD
BODY PLAN
•body segments
•exoskeleton of
protein + chitin
•appendages that
extend from the
body wall
Phylum Mollusca (L. molluscus, “soft”)
Feeding • herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
• filter feeders: incurrent/excurrent siphon, mucus & cilia on gills
• radula
Respiration • aquatic: gills inside mantle cavity • terrestrial: constantly moist & highly vascularized mantle cavity
Circulation • open circulatory system (snails, clams): sinus
• closed circulatory system (squid, octopuses)
Excretion • nephridia
Response • simple nervous system (bivalves)
• highly-developed nervous system (squid, octopuses)
Movement • foot + mucus (snails)
• jet propulsion (octopuses)
Reproduction • external fertilization (snails, bivalves)
• internal fertilization (cephalopods, some snails)
• hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
• trochophore larvae
Phyl
um
Mollu
sca Gastropoda snails and slugs
Cephalopoda octopuses,squids, cuttlefish, Nautilus
Bivalvia clams, oysters, mussels,
scallops
Scaphopoda tusk shells
Aplacophora, Monoplacophora, Polyplacophora
chiton
Feeding • herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
• filter feeders: incurrent/excurrent siphon, mucus & cilia on
gills in bivalves
• radula in gastropods
• jaws in cephalopods
Respiration • aquatic: gills inside mantle cavity
• terrestrial: constantly moist & highly vascularized
lung in mantle cavity
Circulation • open circulatory system (snails, clams): sinus
• closed circulatory system (squid, octopuses) http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mstanley/outlines/circulation/Circulation_files/image013.gif
http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mstanley/outlines/circulation/Circulation_files/image013.gifhttp://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mstanley/outlines/circulation/Circulation_files/image013.gif
Excretion • nephridia
Response • simple nervous system (bivalves)
• highly-developed nervous system (squid,
octopuses) http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/754/flashcards/566754/png/49.21320629922544.png
http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/754/flashcards/566754/png/49.21320629922544.pnghttp://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/754/flashcards/566754/png/49.21320629922544.png
Movement • foot + mucus (snails)
• jet propulsion (octopuses)
Reproduction • external fertilization (snails, bivalves)
• internal fertilization (cephalopods, some snails)
• hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
• trochophore larvae
Phylum Annelida (L. annellus, “ring”)
Feeding • herbivores, carnivores, detritivores
• pharynx
Respiration • aquatic: through gills in their chaetae
• terrestrial: diffusion through moist skin
Circulation • closed circulatory system (blood vessels and multiple
hearts)
Excretion • nephridia in each segment
Response • highly-developed nervous system
Movement • terrestrial: contraction of longitudinal and circular
muscles against the hydrostatic skeleton
• aquatic: paddling of the parapodia
Reproduction • asexual: fragmentation, budding in aquatic forms
• some hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
• internal fertilization in most
• trochophore larvae in marine forms
• eggs in cocoons in terrestrial forms
Respiration • aquatic: through gills in their chaetae
• terrestrial: diffusion through moist skin
Circulation • closed circulatory system (blood vessels and
multiple hearts)
Reproduction • asexual: fragmentation, budding in aquatic forms
• some hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
• internal fertilization in most
• trochophore larvae in marine forms
• eggs in cocoons in terrestrial forms
Phyl
um
Annelid
a
Oligochaeta earthworms, Tubifex
Polychaeta bristle worms,
sandworm, clamworm
Hirudinea leeches
Phylum Arthropoda (G. arthron + podos, “joint foot”)
Feeding • herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, bloodsuckers, filter
feeders, detritivores, parasites
• fangs, proboscis, sickle-shaped jaws, pincers
Respiration • terrestrial: spiracles and tracheal tubes or book lungs in
spiders
• aquatic: feather-like gills in lobsters, crabs and book gills
in horseshoe crabs
Circulation • open circulatory system (heart blood vessels
sinuses heart)
Excretion • aquatic: diffusion
• terrestrial: Malpighian tubules
Response • highly-developed nervous system with brain, nerve
cords, ganglia, and sense organs
Movement • well-developed muscle groups
• exoskeleton
Reproduction • aquatic: internal/external fertilization
• terrestrial: internal fertilization
• metamorphosis: complete/incomplete
Phyl
um
Art
hro
poda
Crustaceans crabs, crayfish, lobsters,
barnacles, shrimps
Chelicerates horseshoe crab, ticks,
spiders, mites, scorpions
Uniramia centipedes, millipedes,
insects
Trilobita trilobites (extinct)
Feeding • herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, bloodsuckers,
filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
• fangs, proboscis, sickle-shaped jaws, pincers
Respiration • terrestrial: spiracles and tracheal tubes or book
lungs in spiders
• aquatic: feather-like gills in lobsters, crabs and
book gills in horseshoe crabs
Circulation • open circulatory system (heart blood vessels
sinuses heart)
Excretion • aquatic: diffusion
• terrestrial: Malpighian tubules
Response • highly-developed nervous system with brain,
nerve cords, ganglia, and sense organs
http://www.arthursclipart.org/biologya/biology/crustaceans%204.gif
• 2 pairs of antennae,
• pair of mandibles
• pair of compound eyes
• pair of many-branched appendages per segment
http://www.arthursclipart.org/biologya/biology/crustaceans 4.gifhttp://www.arthursclipart.org/biologya/biology/crustaceans 4.gif
• Pair of chelicerae
• Single-branching appendages • 2 pairs per segment in millipedes
• 1 pair per segment in centipedes
• Pair of antennae
• Mandibles and maxillae
• *insects are the only invertebrates to have developed flight