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The Ramp to Accessible Software -- Designing, Developing, and Testing for Online Accessibility Presenters: Mike Paciello, TPG & Larry Goldberg, NCAM. Consulting – Services – Technology – Training. Overview. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Ramp to Accessible Software --
Designing, Developing, and Testing for Online AccessibilityPresenters: Mike Paciello, TPG & Larry Goldberg, NCAM
Consulting – Services – Technology – Training
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 2
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Overview
TPG assumes that IT vendors will develop and/or incorporate assistive technologies for one or more of the following reasons:
To comply with existing regulations in markets where these regulations exist To comply with anticipated regulations in markets where these regulations are expected To exploit a market demand for these features, regardless of regulations To generate goodwill and be perceived as good community citizens.
Gov. (Federal/State) vendors seek to assess the market opportunity for IT accessibility solutions, based on an analysis of:
The current and future regulatory environment Current and future buying behavior in the public and private sectors Current and future competitive strategies and tactics.
Federal Agencies are on record and have publicly committed to Section 508: SSA, DoD, DoED, VA, State Department, etc.. Example: Department of Homeland Security
Access to the Web and IT for DHS employees and US citizens (http://www.DHS.gov/DHSpublic/accessibility.jsp) Enforcing 508 compliance through RFP’s, including the SPIRIT initiative
This presentation serves as a foundation for IT vendors to make decisions on where to focus resources in the development and deployment of accessible products and solutions.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 3
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
The Business & Technology Opportunity
Observations Federal Government is the single largest employer of people with disabilities Federal laws including Section 508 & Section 255 mandate technology be accessible Federal agencies are enforcing, requiring major shift in vendor product development and positioning
Result = “Accessibility Gap” Technological advances in the field of accessibility lag behind greater advances in mainstream information technology Disability demographics
Estimated 54+ million Americans with disabilities Growing percentage using computers & Web resources
Combined with aging population of computer users demanding more services
Net Effect People with disabilities & senior citizens lack mainstream technology inclusion. Section 508 is a new and fast growing “market maker”
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 4
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Introduction
The Story of Brian…
Challenge for IT Vendors and Service Consultants Determine the accessibility state of Web & software user interfaces Delivery of quantified recommendations that result in User Interface Enhancements (UIE) for
people with disabilities Incorporating accessibility into product development lifecycle
Concept & design Development & product management Documentation, Training, & Help systems Q/A & Usability testing Marketing and sales
Issues Accessibility old/new dilemma Limited in-house expertise at EVERY level (management, development, sales) Industry standards are “thin” and infantile Formulas for formal evaluation methods to calculate accessibility measurements do not exist
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 5
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Understanding IT Accessibility
Electronic & Information Technology (E&IT) must be accessible to a variety of users with disabilities without relying on a single sense or ability.Examples
Systems that require “mouse”-only input are not accessible to blind or some with physical disabilities Web sites containing images, media, and applications must be accessible to all users with disabilities
Key Goal: Whole systems of technology that are inherently accessible. Example: Network operating systems with built in screen-readers, visual system alarms, on-screen keyboards
Accessibility may be achieved by enhancing the system’s ability to interact, co-exist, or be compatible with adaptive and assistive technology.
Example: Web-based kiosks that are wheel-chair accessible
There are alternative ways to accomplish the same objective Do not strictly focus on web/software accessibility techniques, standards, and “doing it this way or that way” Give primary focus to user needs, user requirements, user testing process This results in sites, applications, and services that are “coded” accessible and usable
Key = attitude and user inclusion
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 6
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Understanding Section 508
Federal agencies who develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology must ensure that it is accessible to people with disabilities including: Federal employees Members of the public who have access to and use Federal E&IT
Section 508 Technical StandardsSubpart B -- Technical Standards
1194.21 Software applications and operating systems. 1194.22 Web-based intranet and internet information and applications. 16
rules. 1194.23 Telecommunications products. 1194.24 Video and multimedia products. 1194.25 Self contained, closed products. 1194.26 Desktop and portable computers.
Subpart C -- Functional Performance Criteria
1194.31 Functional performance criteria.Subpart D -- Information, Documentation, and Support
1194.41 Information, documentation, and support.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 7
TPG consulting
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the paciello group
Why Commit to Section 508?
Commitment to Section 508 and accessibility of information technologies to people with disabilities involves embracing accessibility and building Section 508 requirements into your products and services.
The subsequent ROI -
Broadens your opportunity to reach an untapped market opportunity of approximately 54 million
Reduces the liability associated with legal repercussions
Enhances your corporate image
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 8
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Engineering Approach and Methodology
Kickoff
Technology
Audit
Q/A &
UsabilityTesting
Review project objectives and scope
Develop action plan
Detailed analysis of IT and software
Automated & manual testing
Press, awareness training, brand marketing for accessibility
Establish regular intervals of IT review, audit
Create client reliability factor – you’re in this for the long haul.
Review of policies, standards, and architecture
Review of insights on regulatory environment
IndependentValidation
Contract with outside expert
Monitoring
Develop Q/A and Usability test plans supporting accessibility
Evaluation measurable cost options
Leverage company investment, development planning
Enhance architecture and design plan
MarketSolutions
Remediation, Consultation,
&
Implement plan
Initial
Assessment
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 9
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Development Strategy
Most Common Software/Web Accessibility Issues Content (structure/presentation, images, multimedia)
User Interface (limited user preferences)
Functionality is incompatible with Assistive Technologies Lack of implementing Operating System/Application Library accessibility functions (MSAA/Java)
Assistive technologies are behind technology curve
Lack of documentation, robust Help systems
Usability
Remember: Design usable and accessible software that accommodate people with disabilities by: Implementing corporate processes, policies and standards that support accessible design.
Positioning accessibility as a core competency.
Educating internal resources.
Key Alerts: Current accessibility validation tools are not effective
Iterative user testing is the best way to ensure accessible user experience
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 10
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Checklist for Developing an Information Architecture
Review requirements and task analysis
Evaluate your content
Develop a organizational development structure based on content, tasks, user personas, features and market demand (test the structure via user testing, walkthroughs)
Map your tasks and procedures to your site/application organizational structure
Build a navigational schema
Implement the architecture and test against design specification
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 11
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Usability Evaluation Methods
4 Basic Evaluation Methods Automatic (software tools)
Formal (exact models/formulas to calculate measures)
Informal (experienced evaluators conducting usability inspections)
Empirical (usability testing involving users)
Best Practice Recommendation Combine informal inspections & empirical testing
Usability inspections result in immediate, accurate, and long term benefits to the UI
Empirical studies ensure Accessible User Experience (AUE)
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 12
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Usability Inspections
2 Simple Objectives Find usability problems within existing UI design
Make recommendations for improving & enhancing
Usability Problems to Review Ease of Use -Error Seriousness
Efficiency -UI “pleasantness”
Error Frequency
Resulting Recommendation Report Identify problems and suggest redesign solutions
Prioritize list of usability problems based on rate of occurrence, severity level, & market/user impact
Where possible, estimate implementation cost & cost-benefit analysis
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 13
TPG consulting
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the paciello group
Usability Inspection Methods
Heuristic evaluations (expert reviews)
Guideline & Standards reviews (conformance review)
Walkthroughs (user/developer scenarios)
Consistency (family of products review)
Formal usability inspections (moderated & focused inspection)
Feature inspections (function, utility review)
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 14
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Heuristic Evaluations
Conducting Heuristic evaluations Form a team of 3-5** specialists to perform individual inspections against list of
heuristics ** Studies show that use of 4-5 evaluators result in 80% identification of accessibility problems.
More is better!
Evaluators require guidelines, standards, usability guidelines, and UI design experience
Comparative analysis of collected data, formulate report
Implement formal inspection process Appoint moderator to manage the team
Plan the inspection, conduct kick-off meeting, develop preparation phase for individual reviews, conduct main inspection, end with follow-up phase to assess effectiveness of the inspection
Plan user testing
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 15
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Accessibility UI Heuristics
Simple & natural dialogue
Familiarity (speak the user’s language)
Minimize the user’s memory load
Consistency
Feedback
Clearly marked exits
Shortcuts
Good error messages
Prevent errors
Help & Documentation
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 16
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Usability Testing
Basis Automated testing rarely results in capturing true user experience
Heuristic evaluations cannot address all usability issues Not able to fully emulate user experience (unless inspector has a disability)
Task analysis is generally not part of the heuristic evaluation
Benefits No preconceived notions, expectations, or application prejudices
Validates user requirements
Confirms heuristic evaluations
Builds client confidence.
Assures AUE (accessible user experience)
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 17
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Conducting User Testing
Setup Establish an accessibility center to perform user testing (Hint: Collaborate with disability
organizations)
Recruit sample users and ensure:
Cross-disability sampling
Multi-AT configurations
Variable user experience level (novice, average, expert)
Involve client developers, engineers as observers
Reminders User testing is *not* beta testing!
If permissible, video record sessions
Do not “lead” participants
Perform iterative studies
Pay participants and thank them!
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 18
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Software Applications & Operating Systems: Minimal Standards for Functional Performance
Section 508 RequiresSection 508 Requires
At least one mode of operation and information retrieval shall be provided as follows: Does not require user vision OR includes support for assistive technology for people with visual disabilities
Does not require user hearing OR includes support for assistive technology for people who are deaf or hard of hearing
If audio information is important, enhanced auditory support OR assistive hearing devices shall be provided. At least one mode of operation or information retrieval that:
does not require user speech OR provide appropriate assistive technology
does not require fine motor control or simultaneous actions and is operable with limited reach and strength
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 19
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Keyboard Accessibility
For systems that include keyboards, product functions must be executable from the keyboard. Function itself or result of the function must be discerned textually
Applications cannot disrupt or disable documented accessibility features including: Features made available through the operating system Features made available through other products
Windows, Mac’s and Unix (Linux too) support accessibility keyboard functions including: Mouse keys: Control pointer with numeric keypad Bounce keys: Control rate of “taps” on keys Serial keys: Allow serial devices access to keyboard and mouse functions Sticky keys: Press 1 key for multiple key functions Toggle keys: Emits tones for Caps, Num, and Scroll Locks
For additional information, Select Control Panel – Accessibility Options
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 20
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
User Interface
Ensure that user focus is available through on screen indicators
Ensure that user focus is exposed to assistive technology that tracks user focus and focus changes
Expose sufficient information about user interface including identity, operation, and state of elements to assistive technology
Provide textual information through operating system functions for displaying text.
Minimal requirements shall include: Text content Text input caret location Text attributes
Applications should not override selected contrast and/or color settings
Do not use color coding as the only means for conveying vital system or application information
Do not user blinking or flashing text, objects, or other elements that flash or blink at frequency rates greater than 2 Hz or lower than 55 Hz
Animated information shall be available in at least one non-animated form that is optional to the user
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 21
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CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Images and Graphics
If the element is an image or graphic, the image information should be conveyed through text
Assign consistent meaning to bitmap images used to identify controls, status indicators, or other programmatic elements.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 22
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Forms
Ensure that forms are fully accessible to people using assistive technology
Users should be able to access all form: Information
Field elements
Functionality for completion Including directions and cues
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 23
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Manual Tests
Unplug the mouse and make sure keyboard access is provided to all active objects such as buttons and scroll boxes.
Make sure tab elements such as links, tool bars, and form fields are loaded out in logical order.
Provide meaningful names in the application for all text and graphics based elements ** Information taken from Sun’s Guidelines for Software Accessibility.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 24
TPG consulting
CLIENT Research
the paciello group
Product Support Documentation & Customer Service
Section 508 includes provisions to ensure that users with disabilities have access to associated product support features, including the following minimal standards: Documentation available in alternative formats (ex: braille, large type print, audio)
At no additional charge
Product feature information available in alternative formats Including accessibility features and compatibility information
Customer service support shall accommodate communication needs of end-users with disabilities
For example: TTY/TDD services for the deaf and hard of hearing
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 25
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the paciello group
Multimedia – Larry Goldberg
[Larry Goldberg's Presentation Happened Here.]
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 26
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the paciello group
Developer Resources & Tools
Microsoft Windows/MSAA Platforms
http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/nhp/default.asp?contentid=28000544
Microsoft Software Accessibility Guidelines http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/msaa/gettingstarted_6ckk.asp http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vsent7/html/
vxcondesigningaccessibleapplications.asp http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/default.asp?url=/library/en-us/vsent7/html/
vxconaccessibilitydesignguidelines.asp http://www.msdn.microsoft.com/library/?url=/library/en-us/dnacc/html/ATG_KeyboardShortcuts.asp?
frame=true (Keyboard shortcuts)
IBM Software Accessibility Guidelines
http://www-306.ibm.com/able/guidelines/software/accesssoftware.html (software)
http://www-306.ibm.com/able/guidelines/java/accessjava.html (java)
Sun Accessibility Quick Reference
http://www.sun.com/access/developers/access.quick.ref.html
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 27
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the paciello group
Developer Resources & Tools (Cont’d)
Others US Dept. of Education’s Requirements for Accessible E&IT
http://www.ed.gov/fund/contract/apply/clibrary/software.html (software)
Trace Research Software Guidelines and Resources http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/eitaac_desktop_software_standards/desktop_software_standards.htm (desktop
software)
http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/software_guidelines/toc.htm (software)
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 28
TPG consulting
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the paciello group
Summary and Conclusion
3 key words Clarity – Process/Plan/Standards
Compatibility
Usability
To achieve greater web access we need to focus on
1. Clarity of standards, guidelines (via standards initiatives)
2. Compatibility with assistive/adaptive technologies
3. Infuse usability methods that engage individuals with disabilities into mainstream product design
Goal is “overall” accessibility of the whole technology system – you are encouraged go beyond what is minimally required.
Section 508 is about accessibility, and accessibility is about business opportunity – Go for it!
x
TPG consulting the paciello groupBMC & Section 508 Compliance – A Roadmap
© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 29
Appendix
About TPG
Why TPG?
Professional Profiles
Contact Information
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 30
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About TPG
The Paciello Group (TPG) consults with commercial companies and government entities on designing systems for accessibility and Section 508 compliance. TPG offers professional consulting, technology solutions and monthly monitoring services to ensure that our clients reach all of their audiences, meet governmental and international standards, and maintain the ongoing accessibility of their dynamic assets. We are looking to partner with other organizations on this Spirit procurement.
Additional background: The Paciello Group's (www.paciellogroup.com) clients include Forrester, Fidelity, Cendant, Microsoft, Macromedia, Hyperion, PTC, SkillSoft, and other well known companies. The founder and President, Mike Paciello, is an international authority on Web accessibility and assistive technology. He co-founded the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) for the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). He is the author of the best selling book, "Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities."
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 31
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the paciello group
Why TPG?
Broad range and depth of understanding of the Accessibility IT market, including business and environmental drivers, technology trends, and competitive trends.
A comprehensive understanding of IT wants and needs from the user perspective, and how they translate into requirements for IT vendors.
A comprehensive understanding of Section 508 guidelines and relevant standards-based initiatives, including the potential impact on public and private sector markets.
Detailed market sizings and forecasts that will form the basis for market estimates of the market for IT accessibility products and solutions.
Expertise and creativity in the design and application of software methodologies to the IT marketplace. The credibility and authority to deliver management-level strategic and tactical recommendations to world-class players in
the technology marketplace.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 32
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Michael Paciello —Founder & President, TPG
Professional Profiles
Michael Paciello is President of The Paciello Group (TPG). TPG is dedicated to stimulating education, research and development of technologies that will ensure equality of access to information for all people.
Mr. Paciello has more than 18 years experience in the area of assistive technology and interface design, including 10 years as Program Manager for Digital Equipment Corporation’s Vision Impaired Information Services (VIIS) office. At Digital, Paciello produced the computer industry’s first mainstream CD-ROM containing computer documentation that was accessible to the blind and visually impaired (VIOLD).
Mr. Paciello is the creator of WebABLE, the first commercial portal addressing web accessibility. His book, “Web Accessibility for People with Disabilities” was an industry first. The second edition is scheduled for release in the Fall of 2003.
In 1997, Mr. Paciello received recognition from Tim Berners-Lee and President William Clinton for creating the Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) in behalf of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) and the White House.
In 1999, Mike received recognition from the U.S. Access Board for his “Outstanding Contribution” in the development of the Section 508 standards for electronic and information technology.
He is co-founder of the International Committee for Accessible Document Design (ICADD), and a former member of the FCC Telecommunications Act Advisory Committee (TAAC) that developed the standards for Section 255 of the Telecommunications Act.
Mr. Paciello has served as Chief Accessibility Consultant to the Telecommunication Industries Association (TIA) and the Electronic Industries Foundation (EIF).
Mr. Paciello currently serves on a number of University, Government and International advisory and standards committees, is a public speaker at several international conferences and contributes a number of articles to technical journals.
Mike is a member of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), and the Society for Technical Communication of Boston (STC-Boston).
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 33
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Professional Profiles (Cont’d)
Mr. McGrath brings 35 years experience in the development of innovative computer software products and their application to advancing business practices. He has applied technology to the creation of products such as 1-2-3 Release 3, the Internationalization of Lotus Notes, and the use of XML as a dynamic source of content for BroadVision.
Chris has worked as president and CEO of an automated training company, and Vice President of Engineering for companies such as Interleaf, BroadVision, and iConverse. He has designed Malleable User Interfaces in portals across a breadth of industries. He is a graduate of Boston College and Babson College focusing on Computer Science and Business Administration respectively.
Chris McGrath—Executive Vice President & Chief Architect, TPG
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 34
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Dick Mahoney—Vice-President Business Development & Sales, TPG
Professional Profiles (Cont’d)
Dick Mahoney brings almost 30 years of computer industry experience to TPG. Dick has held senior positions at Digital Equipment Corporation, Compaq and MatrixOne. Much of his career has been focused on software products and business concerns.
At TPG, Dick is responsible for Business Strategy and Product Definition. In this role Dick brings the perspective of what it takes to make products successful in the market how the customer is at the center of everything a company does.
The Ramp to Software Accessibility – Boston I/A, June 2004© 2004 TPG, LLP.Page 35
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Contact Information
Dick Mahoney, Vice President
TPG Consulting
Phone: +1-603-882-4122 ext 101
E-mail: [email protected]
Rowland Bradley, Director Business Dev.
TPG Consulting
Phone: +1-202-966-9295
E-mail: [email protected]
Consulting – Services – Technology – Training