The Reformation The Reformation Continues…Continues…

Chapter 1Chapter 1Section 4Section 4

Main IdeasMain Ideas

As Protestant reformers As Protestant reformers divided over beliefs, the divided over beliefs, the Catholic Church made Catholic Church made reformsreforms..

Many Protestant churches Many Protestant churches began during this period, began during this period, and many Catholic and many Catholic schoolsschools are the result of are the result of reforms in the Church.reforms in the Church.

Introduction Introduction Other forms of Protestantism were Other forms of Protestantism were

developingdeveloping across Europe. across Europe. Martin Luther had launched the Martin Luther had launched the

reformationreformation in Germany, but it in Germany, but it spread.spread.

In Switzerland, another major branch In Switzerland, another major branch of of ProtestantismProtestantism emerged. emerged. Based on teachings of Based on teachings of JohnJohn

CalvinCalvin, French follower of Luther., French follower of Luther. Unique ideas on Unique ideas on relationshiprelationship

between people and God.between people and God.

Calvin Continues Calvin Continues ReformationReformation

Huldrych Huldrych ZwingliZwingli began began reformation in Switzerland.reformation in Switzerland. Influenced by Influenced by ErasmusErasmus & &

LutherLuther.. Attacked Catholic Church, called Attacked Catholic Church, called

for return of for return of personal personal faith & faith & more control of Church.more control of Church.

Led to Led to fightingfighting between Swiss between Swiss Protestants & Catholics.Protestants & Catholics. Led to Zwingli’s Led to Zwingli’s deathdeath..

Calvin Formalizes Calvin Formalizes Protestant IdeasProtestant Ideas

Published Published Institutes of the Institutes of the Christian ReligionChristian Religion.. Expressed ideas about God, Expressed ideas about God,

salvationsalvation & human nature. & human nature. Agreed with Luther that Agreed with Luther that

salvation could not be salvation could not be earnedearned.. Based on idea of Based on idea of

predestinationpredestination.. This religion became known as This religion became known as

CalvinismCalvinism..

Calvin Leads the Reformation Calvin Leads the Reformation in Switzerlandin Switzerland Calvin’s ideal government – Calvin’s ideal government – theocracytheocracy

Government controlled by Government controlled by religiousreligious leadersleaders

ProtestantsProtestants invited Calvin to lead invited Calvin to lead Geneva.Geneva. Strict rulesStrict rules Everyone attended Everyone attended religiousreligious

classes.classes. No bright No bright clothingclothing or card games or card games

Break rules? Break rules? ImprisonmentImprisonment or or excommunicationexcommunication

Preach a different Preach a different doctrinedoctrine?? BurnedBurned at the stake at the stake

Calvinism SpreadsCalvinism Spreads Scotland - John Knox drew on Scotland - John Knox drew on Calvin’sCalvin’s

ideas.ideas. Created Created PresbyterianPresbyterian Church Church Made Calvinism Scotland’s Made Calvinism Scotland’s officialofficial

religion.religion. Swiss, Dutch & French adopted Swiss, Dutch & French adopted

CalvinismCalvinism.. France – followers = France – followers = HuguenotsHuguenots

Great Great violenceviolence between Huguenots & between Huguenots & CatholicsCatholics Massacres ~ Massacres ~ 12,00012,000 Huguenots killed Huguenots killed

AnabaptistsAnabaptists

““baptizebaptize again” again” Only baptized once Only baptized once

old enough to decide old enough to decide to be a to be a ChristianChristian.. If someone was If someone was

baptized as a child, baptized as a child, then they were re-then they were re-baptized as an adult.baptized as an adult.

The Catholic ReformationThe Catholic Reformation Movement to help Catholics remain Movement to help Catholics remain

loyalloyal.. Ignatius of Loyola – Gathered Ignatius of Loyola – Gathered

followersfollowers. . Pope created a religious order Pope created a religious order

known as the known as the Society of JesusSociety of Jesus.. Members – Members – JesuitsJesuits Three activities: founding Three activities: founding

schoolsschools, , convertconvert Christians to Christians to Catholics & Catholics & stopstop the spread of the spread of Protestantism.Protestantism.

Reforming PopesReforming Popes Catholics agreed on several doctrinesCatholics agreed on several doctrines at the at the

Council of TrentCouncil of Trent:: Church’s interpretation of Bible was Church’s interpretation of Bible was finalfinal.. Christians also needed Christians also needed good worksgood works for salvation, for salvation,

not faith alone.not faith alone. BibleBible and and ChurchChurch were were equallyequally powerful. powerful. IndulgencesIndulgences were valid expressions of faith. But were valid expressions of faith. But

false selling was false selling was bannedbanned..

List of List of ForbiddenForbidden Books – considered Books – considered dangerous to Catholic faith, ex. Protestant Bibledangerous to Catholic faith, ex. Protestant Bible Venice – followers burned Venice – followers burned 10,00010,000 in one day! in one day!

Religious and Social Effects Religious and Social Effects of the Reformationof the Reformation Protestant churches Protestant churches flourishedflourished.. Catholics became more Catholics became more unifiedunified.. Both focused on Both focused on educationeducation in in

promoting beliefs.promoting beliefs. Led to founding of parish Led to founding of parish

schools & schools & universitiesuniversities.. Women’sWomen’s lives did not get better. lives did not get better.

Limited to concerns of Limited to concerns of familyfamily & & homehome..

Political Effects of the Political Effects of the ReformationReformation

Individual monarchs & states gained Individual monarchs & states gained power due to declination of Church power due to declination of Church authorityauthority.. Led to Led to developmentdevelopment of modern of modern

nation-states.nation-states. Rulers sought more power for Rulers sought more power for

themselves & nation through themselves & nation through warfarewarfare, , explorationexploration & & expansionexpansion..

Questioning of beliefs & authorities laid Questioning of beliefs & authorities laid groundwork for the groundwork for the EnlightenmentEnlightenment (intellectual movement).(intellectual movement).