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The Research Paper
Created by M. BowlesJanuary 2005Arlington High SchoolArlington, Texas
The purpose of this presentation is to help you with the process of writing your research paper. By following
these guidelines closely you will avoid
committing plagiarism.
Plagiarism occurs when a writer uses another
person’s ideas or wordswithout giving that person
credit. Plagiarism is unethical and illegal.
Moreover…
…plagiarism will cause you to fail the
research paper assignment because…
…all English teachers are equipped with highly sensitive plagiarism-sensing equipment.
So, pay careful attention to this presentation and
get ready for a successful research paper experience!
Source CitationsSource CopiesWorks Cited PageParenthetical
Documentation
We will cover the following areas:
Source Cards
Put source number here
1
Citation information goes here
What does “citation” mean?
Where you got your information and who gets credit for it:
author(s), title(s), publisher, dates,web addresses, etc.
Sample source card
2
Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>.
Works Cited
Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>.
…on your Works Cited page!
Let’s see that again!2Works Cited
Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the
Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb 2. loc. gov/ammem/wpaintro/ exhome. html>.
What if I have more than one
source?
Ok, let’s say you have 3
sources.
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia: Warner Books, 1982.
1
Banks, Ann. "American Memory." 1980. Voices from the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14 Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb2.loc.gov/ammem /wpaintro/exhome. html>.
2
3
"A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005 <http://www.tv a.gov/abouttva/history.htm>
They will all go on the Works Cited page.
Works Cited
"A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005 <http://www. tva.gov/abouttva/history.htm>
Ok…but aren’t they supposed to be in alphabetical order according to the first item in each citation?
Ok, now they’re inalphabetical order, but there’s one more thing to do. You have to use
hanging indentation. It’s opposite from theway a paragraph is
indented. Watch this…
Works Cited
"A Short History of the TVA." River Systems Operations. Tennessee Valley Authority. 21 Jan. 2005<http://www. tva.gov /abouttva /history.htm>
Banks, Ann. "American Memory.“ 1980. Voicesfrom the Thirties. The Library of Congress. 14
Jan. 2005 <http://lcweb2.loc .gov/ammem/ wpaintro/exhome.html >.
Lee, Harper. To Kill a Mockingbird. Philadelphia:Warner Books, 1982.
Voila!Hanging
indentation!
Let’s say you are doing your paper on
“The Scottsboro Trial” and you have found a primary source on the internet that you want
to use.
Be sure to make a source card for
the source before doing anything else.
This is the page where the information was found. Get all of the necessary citation
information from it for your source card.
web address
web page title
web site title
owner
"Scottsboro: An American Tragedy." American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/scottsboro/>.
4
Here is the resulting
source card.
How are we supposed to know what order the
information goes in?
You must consult The MLA Handbook. You have a
short version in the back of your grammar book, and
your teacher has a complete version.
Now your source card is done, so
you’re ready to start your source
copies. Here we go!
This part looks good, so you make a photo copy and
highlight this area.
4
Important! Number your copy with the
same number as the source from which
they came!
If the source is a book be sure to put the page number at the bottom of the copy.
14
Just one more thing…If you copy the text verbatim (word for word), you must place quotation marks around it.
Are we always supposed to copy everything verbatim for a research paper?
No! In fact it’s usually best to paraphrase the information into your own words using the fewest words possible.
Here’s what the card
looked like before.
“In 1933, Roy Wright, youngest of the Scottsboro Boys, was held in Birmingham Prison while his co- defendants languished on death row in Kilby Prison in Montgomery. “
Roy Wright’s situation 4
We’ll change this…
Roy Wright’s situation
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situation
…to this.
Each note card should only contain one piece of information so that they can all be easily
sorted into an appropriate order.
Watch this…
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situation
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
This card would logically go at the end, since it tells about an event that happened after those on the other 2 cards.
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situation
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situationNote: These numbers have nothing to do with the order of the cards. They are the numbers of your sources that you will need to do parenthetical documentation.
Now let’s move on to
documentation(citation in
).
parenthetical
parentheses
Remember those note cards we
put in order a minute ago?
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situationTogether these 3 cards can form a paragraph, so let’s start with this first one.
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situation
Since you paraphrased this information you will need to rewrite it with elaboration in the paper.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
Topic sentence
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham.
This is information you did not know before you did research. Therefore, you must give credit to the source. Otherwise, you are committing plagiarism.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham ( ).
You have to go back to the note card and source card to figure out what goes in the parentheses for the parenthetical documentation.
1933, Roy Wright, held in Birmingham Prison
4Roy Wright’s situation
Here’s your source number, so….
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
4
“Scottsboro: An American Tragedy.”
This must be the source card that
goes with it.
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
4
“Scottsboro: An American Tragedy.”
Use the first item in the citation for your parenthetical
documentation.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
(“Scottsboro: An American Tragedy”).
Technically, when a citation is that long you only have to use the first word followed by ellipses. Watch…
(“Scottsboro…”).
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham
Now that we’ve done one citation
correctly, let’s continue writing
the paper.
Where did weput those 3 notecards we had?...
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “
“1933, Roy Wright, youngest of the Scottsboro Boys, was held in Birmingham Prison while his co- defendants languished on death row in Kilby Prison in Montgomery. “
Roy Wright’s situation 4
Here they are. We’ve already used the one on top, so let’s go to
the next one.
4Roy Wright’s Testimony
“The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off. “We need to put a
transition in before this,
though.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
(“Scottsboro…”). At his trial RoyWright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said,
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham
Transition
firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off.”
“The
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham (“Scottsboro…”). At his trial RoyWright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said, firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off.”
“The
This quote is from the same source we used
before.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham (“Scottsboro…”). At his trial RoyWright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said, firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off”
“The
(“Scottsboro…”).
(“Scottsboro…”).
Now we just have one more card to
go before this paragraph is
finished.
5Wright’s release
July 1937 - Roy Wright released, all charges dropped
Here’s that third note
card.
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." The Scottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law. umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
5
And here’s the source card that goes with it.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham (“Scottsboro…”). At his trial RoyWright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said, firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off”
“The
(“Scottsboro…”).
(“Scottsboro…”). Wright was eventually released when the charges against him were dropped (Linder).
Now we can finish this paragraph by adding this
information with the correct parenthetical documentation.
Roy Wright was one of the boys accused in the Scottsboro incident.
In 1933, Roy Wright was being held in the prison in Birmingham
At his trial RoyWright denied any wrongdoing. He is quoted as having said, “The firstest I knowed anything was wrong, or knowed who else was on that train was when that crowd of white men stopped the train in Paint Rock and took us off”
(“Scottsboro…”).
(“Scottsboro…”). Wright was eventually released when the charges against him were dropped (Linder).
If your entire paper
consisted of only this
paragraph, the Works Cited page would only list these
2 sources.
Works Cited
Go back and find your source cards to get the necessary
information.
Works Cited
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
4
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
Works Cited
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." TheScottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law.umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." The Scottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law. umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
5
Works Cited
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." TheScottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law.umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
Alphabetical order, please!
Works Cited
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." TheScottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law.umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
Hanging indentation, please!
Works Cited
American Experience. 2005. PBS. 31 Jan. 2005 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/ amex/scottsboro/>.
An American Tragedy.”“Scottsboro:
Linder, Doug. "Chronology." TheScottsboro Boys' Trials. Famous Trials. 29 Jan. 2005 http://www.law.umkc. edu/ faculty/projects/FTrials/ scottsboro /SB_chron.html
There are many different forms for
parenthetical documentation as well as for the
Works Cited page.These can all be found in
The MLA Handbook.
Good luck on your paper!
The End