The Respiratory SystemThe Respiratory System

Medical TerminologyMedical Terminology

Structures of the Upper Respiratory SystemStructures of the Upper Respiratory System• Nose

– Nasal septum– Olfactory receptors

• Paranasal Sinuses– Frontal– Maxillary– Ethmoid– Sphenoid

• Pharynx– Nasopharynx– Oropharynx

• Uvula

– Laryngopharynx• Larynx

– Glottis– Epiglottis– Thyroid cartilage

Structures of the Lower Respiratory SystemStructures of the Lower Respiratory System

• Trachea (windpipe)• Bronchial Tree

– Alveoli (alveolus= belly)

• Lungs– Lobes ----- R=3; L=2

• Respiratory membrane• See next slide

• Mediastinum– Also called: interpleural

space• Pleura (see next slide)

– Parietal pleura– Visceral pleura– Pleural space

• Diaphragm– Phrenic nerve

Terminology of Respiratory SystemTerminology of Respiratory System

• Eupnea note: -pnea = breathing

• Tachypnea

• Bradypnea

• Apnea – SIDS

• Dyspnea– DOE

• Hyperpnea

• Hypopnea

• Hyperventilation

• Anoxia

• Hypoxia

• Hypercapnea

• Cyanosis

• Nose = nas/o or rhin/o

• Trachea = trache/o

• Lungs = pneum/o ; pneumon/o; pulmon/o

• Ventilation

• Respiration

– External respiration

• Inspiration = active

• Expiration = passive

– Internal respiration

Terminology of Respiratory SystemTerminology of Respiratory System

Pathology of Respiratory SystemPathology of Respiratory System

• COPD– Chronic bronchitis– Asthma– Bronchiectasis– Emphysema– Pneumoconioses (coni/o = dust)

• Asbestosis• Anthracosis (black lung)

• Silicosis• Berylliosis• Byssinosis

– These cause pulmonary fibrosis

• URI’s– Rhinitis (rhinorrhea)– Pharyngitis– Laryngitis

• Aphonia & dysphonia

• Pertussis• Croup • Epistaxis• Pleurisy• Pleural effusion• Hemoptysis

– Compare to hematemesis

Pathology of Respiratory SystemPathology of Respiratory System

• Respiratory distress syndrome

• Pulmonary edema• Atelectasis• TB (tuberculosis)• Pneumonia

– Also called pneumonitis

• Cystic fibrosis• Pneumothorax

– Hemothorax

Diagnostic & Treatment ProceduresDiagnostic & Treatment Procedures

• Bronchoscopy

• Spirometry

• Skin tests– PPD

– Mantoux

– Tine

• Chest Imaging– X-ray

– CAT

– MRI

– Scans

• Thoracentesis• Thoracostomy• Thoracotomy• Pneumonectomy• Tracheostomy