ni.com

The Road to Massive MIMO & mmWaveMobile Communications SystemsA Platform-Based Approach

2ni.com

Evolution of Instrumentation

1920

Vacuum Tubes

1965

Transistors(Integrated Circuits)

2010

Software

General Radio Hewlett Packard National Instruments

3ni.com

ITU-R Vision for IMT-2020 and Applications

Enhanced Mobile Broadband Streaming 4K VideoAugmented Reality 3D Gaming

Ultra Reliable, Low Latency Machine Type CommunicationsAutonomous DrivingMission Critical Applications

Massive Machine Type Communications Smart City Smart Factory

Source – Image Courtesy of ITU

> 10 Gbpspeak rates

> 100K connections

per cell < 1 mslatency

4ni.com

Approaching The Pivotal Moment

Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm

Technical ideas from a huge number of sources

Implementation by a large number of suppliers & operators

1987

1982-85

1988-91

Birth of GSM The Pivotal Year

GSM

5ni.com

Approaching The Pivotal Moment

We are here

Source: www.gsmhistory.com/who_created-gsm

5G

Broad Based Adoption

Pivotal Moment of Convergence

Billions of Devices

Multiple Ideas

6ni.com

Prototyping Is Critical for Algorithm Research

“Experience shows that the real world often breaks some of the assumptions made in theoretical research, so testbeds are an important tool for evaluation under very realistic operating conditions”

“…development of a testbed that is able to test radical ideas in a complete, working system is crucial”

1NSF Workshop on Future Wireless Communication Research

7ni.com

Why Prototype?

• To ideate and problem-solve. Build to think.

• To communicate. If a picture is worth a thousand words, a prototype is worth a thousand pictures.

• To start a conversation. To begin answering hardest questions ”What is possible?” with defendable answers and move quickly to “Why?”.

• To fail quickly and cheaply. Committing as few resources as possible to each idea means less time and money invested up front.

• To test possibilities. Iterating quickly allows you to pursue many different ideas without committing to a direction too early on.

• To manage the solution-building process. Identifying a variable also encourages you to break a large problem down into smaller, testable chunks.

Derived from: An Introduction to Design Thinking, Stanford Design School

8ni.com

Elements of a Wireless System

1 to N Radio Front Ends

CPU

GPU

FPGA

Multi-Processor Architecture

Tx Rx

Tx Rx

Tx Rx

Tx Rx

Network Infrastructure

Storage

Data Bus

Data Bus

Software IP & ProcessingRF Hardware Network & Backhaul

EdgeComputationFPGA

Data Movement & Synchronization

9ni.com

Software Development Challenge

• SDR development requires multiple, disparate software tools • Software tools don’t address system design

Tools

• Math (.m files)• Simulation (Hybrid)• User Interface (HTML)• FPGA (VHDL, Verilog)

• Host Control (C, C++, .NET)• DSP (Fixed Point C, Assembly)• H/W Driver (C, Assembly)• System Debug

• Long learning curves• Limited reuse• Need for “specialists”

• Increased costs• Increased time-to-result

Targets

FPGAsMulticore

Processors

10ni.com

Platform-Based Design for Communications Systems

A. Sangiovanni-Vincentelli, UC Berkeley. Defining Platform Based Design. EEDesign, Feb 2002

11ni.com

A Platform Revolutionizes Your Approach to Solutions

Level Wrist WatchComputers Televis ionMusic Player Smart Phones E-Readers

Desktop and Laptops iPad iPhone iPod

12ni.com

5G Vectors in Need of Prototyping

Utilize potential of extremely wide bandwidths at frequency ranges once

thought impractical for commercial wireless.

Consistent connectivity meeting the 1000x

traffic demand for 5G

Dramatically increased number of antenna

elements on base station.

Improve bandwidth utilization through

evolving PHY Level and flexible numerology

Multi Radio AccessTechnologies (RAT)

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks mmWave

• Densification• SDN

• NFV• CRAN

13ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks Multi-RAT mmWave

Unified Design Software

Hardware Implementations

14ni.com

Common tools for rapid iteration of real-time prototypes

Technology Development Lifecycle

Design and Simulation

Algorithm Prototyping

Standards Development

FieldTrials

15ni.com

Common tools for rapid iteration of real-time prototypes

Technology Development Lifecycle

Design and Simulation

Algorithm Prototyping

Standards Development

FieldTrials

Unified Software + Hardware Platform

16ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

17ni.com

LabVIEW Communications Prototyping PlatformEnhancements Specifically Targeted for Improved Communication System Design

Hardware Software

Algorithm Design Languages Application Frameworks

Modular, Real-Time IP

FPGA Design Exploration

18ni.com

Synchronous Dataflow For Intuitive DSP Development

FPGA

19ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

20ni.com

World’s first real-time with 100 antennas

NI and Lund University Collaborate on Massive MIMO

Initial results: Received signal constellations –LOS and four users 2 m separation

Vieira, Joao, et al. "A flexible 100-antenna testbed for Massive MIMO." IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Workshops), 2014. IEEE, 2014.

21ni.com

NI and Samsung Demonstrate FD-MIMO With LabVIEW Communications and LTE App FrameworkBase-station with 32 antenna elements

“Samsung Demonstrates FD-MIMO In Real Time For The First Time In The World…It Accelerates Its Leadership Over Competition For 5G Standard”

english.etnews.com

NIWeek 2015

22ni.com

Massive MIMO

Samsung

Full Duplex MIMO, LTE UE Emulation

Southeast University

128-antenna massive

MIMO system

Intel

CRAN-Massive MIMO

Lund University

100-antenna massive

MIMO system

23ni.com

Bristol University Achieves 1.5 Gbps in 20 MHz

• 3.5GHz, 128 antenna system• 10 UEs• > 1.5 Gbps in 20 MHz spectrum• MMSE, precoding in FPGA• Pilot optimization• LabVIEW, NI USRP RIOs

Prof Mark Beach Paul Harris

145 b/S/Hz Spectral Efficiency

24ni.com

Top 10 Open Research Items• High Mobility Applications• Distributed Massive MIMO• Antenna Patterns• Hybrid Beamforming• Energy Efficiency• Improvements in CSI Feedback• MAC Layer Control• Network MIMO• FDD Massive MIMO• Spectrum Sharing

The Road to Massive MIMO in 5G

25ni.com

Lund UniversityThursday, September 1Tested up to 50 km / Hr

26ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

27ni.com

100 Year History of mmWave (30 GHz – 300 GHz)

http://theinstitute.ieee.org/technology-focus/technology-history/first-ieee-milestones-in-indiahttps://www.cv.nrao.edu/~demerson/bose/bose.html

J.C. Bose at the Royal Institution, London, 1897

Modern point-to-point mmWave link

28ni.com

NYU Wireless and NI Collaborate on mmWave Channel Sounding

Research Goal◼ Channel sounding at 28, 38, and 72 GHz◼ Dense urban environments (New York City)◼ Prove viability of mmWave for mobile

wireless communications

Advances in mmWave Consideration Results◼ NYU published first results in June 2013◼ 3GPP calls for further investigation in 2015◼ FCC proposes new rules for mmWave in 2015

Prof. Ted Rappaport

Y. Azar, G. N. Wong, K. Wang, Y. Azar, G. N. Wong, K. Wang, R. Mayzus, J. K. Schulz, H. Zhao, F. Gutierrez, D. Hwang, andT. S. Rappaport, “28 GHz propagation measurements for outdoor cellular communications using steerable beam antennas in New York City,” in Communications (ICC), 2013 IEEE International Conference on, pp. 5143–5147, June 2013

29ni.com

FCC Embraces mmWave

37 to 38.6

Upper microwave flexible use

Unlicensed

27.5 - 28.3537 - 38.6

38.6 - 40 64 - 71

Further Notice of Proposed Rulemaking (FNPRM)

71 -76 81 -86

24.25 – 24.45

24.75 – 25.25

31.8 – 33.4

42 - 42.547.2 – 50.2

50.4 – 52.6

37 to 38.6

30ni.com

Nokia Timeline With NI Platform

Brooklyn 5G Summit 2014

NIWeek 2015 MWC 2016

73 GHz 73 GHz 73 GHz

1 GHz 2 GHz 2 GHz

1x1 2x2 2x2

16 QAM 16 QAM 64 QAM

2.3 Gbps >10 Gbps >14.5 Gbps

FrequencyBandwidthStreamsModulationPeak rate

31ni.com

New platform designed by NI to meet Nokia’s 5G specification

mmWave PoC System @ 2GHz BW supporting 10 Gbps Peak rate

Parameters Value

Operating Frequency 73.5 GHz

Configuration 2 x 2 MIMOantenna polarization

Bandwidth 2 GHz

Peak Rate ~10 Gbps

ModulationNull Cyclic-Prefix Single CarrierR=0.9, 16 QAM

Antenna Horn Antenna

32ni.com

Prof. Ted Rappaport

mmWave Prototypes and Channel Sounding

NYU Wireless

mmWave

Channel Sounding

NTT Docomo

73 GHz

BW = 1 GHz

NokiaMultiple

Prototypes

AT&T

Channel Sounding

33ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

34ni.com

4.5G: LTE-Advanced Pro

More Spatial Streams

LTE Advanced Pro allows up to 16 downlink spatial streams – and eNB’s can beamform in 3D.

…

Carrier Aggregation Full-Dimensional MIMO License Assisted Access

More Component Carriers

LTE Advanced Pro allows up to 32 component carriers –and allows transmission from multiple eNBs.

New Spectrum

LTE Advanced Pro coordinated with WiFinetworks to unlock the 5 GHz spectrum for cellular usage.

35ni.com

LTE Application FrameworkSystem Block Diagram

FPGAHost RF Hardware

RF Up-conv.DACRF Impairments

CorrectionLTE OFDM Modulation

LTE Channel Encoder

Tx UDP Socket

RF Down-conv.

ADCRF

Impairments Correction

Time/Freq. Synchroni-

zation

LTE OFDM De-modulation

LTE Channel Decoder

Rx UDP Socket

GFDMModulation

36ni.com

Multi-RAT / Enhanced PHY

TU Erlangen

LTE EMBMS

NTT Docomo

NOMA

LG, YonseiUniversity

Full Duplex Radio

TU Dresden

GFDM

37ni.com

3GPP Converging on the 5G New Radio• 5G New Radio is taking shape in 3GPP

• OFDM-based Unified Flexible RAT (4 - 40 GHz)

• Verizon 5G mmWave spec released• Pre-standard for mmWave in 5G at 28 GHz for Fixed Wireless

Source: Nokia

38ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

39ni.com

control plane

user plane

UE

MAC

RLC

PDCP

IP

APP

eNB

MAC

RLC

PDCP GTP

UDP

IP

GTP

UDP

IP

IP

SGW /PGW

PHY Emu PHY Emu

eNB & UE MAC + EPC: NI Extensions to NS-3

SGW PGWMME

Internet Service

40ni.com

UE

MAC

RLC

PDCP

IP

APP

eNB

MAC

RLC

PDCP GTP

UDP

IP

GTP

UDP

IP

IP

SGW /PGW

PHY Emu PHY Emu

NI extension to NS-31. Remove PHY emulation

2.Separate eNB and UE

3.Incorporate real PHY

eNB & UE MAC + EPC: NI Extensions to NS-3

UE

PHY

L1-L2 API

DA/AD+RF

L1-L2 API L1-L2 API

eNB

PHY

L1-L2 API

DA/AD+RF

41ni.com

Application Framework, Starting Point for Rapid PrototypingAdvanced FPGA IP for Real-Time, Over-The-Air, Wireless Systems

LTE

Key Features• 20 MHz Real-Time

Bandwidth• TDD/FDD Uplink &

Downlink Modes• Multi-UE & Multi-eNB

Support

Applications• LTE & Wi-Fi

Coexistence• Cellular Network Layer

Research• New Waveform

Research

802.11

Key Features• 20/40 MHz Real-Time

Bandwidth• Fully Bidirectional

Communication• Real-Time Channel

Coding

Applications• LTE & Wi-Fi

Coexistence• MAC Layer Research• 802.11ax Multi-User

Prototyping

MIMO

Key Features• 20 MHz Real-Time

Bandwidth• Supports up to 128

eNB Antennas and 12 Single Antenna UE’s

• TDD Uplink & Downlink Modes Based Upon LTE

Applications• Massive MIMO• Multi-User MIMO

Research

mmWave

Key Features• 2 GHz Real-Time

Bandwidth• Supports 2x2 MIMO• Fully Bidirectional TDD

Uplink & Downlink Modes

Applications• Enhance Mobile

Broadband Research• Ultra-Dense Cellular

Research• Cellular Backhaul

* Lead User Availability ** New – H2 2016 *

42ni.com

Platform-Based Design for 5G

ReconfigurableInstruments

High Performance IO

USRP RIOSDR

mmWaveTransceiver

Massive MIMO Wireless Networks

Multi-RAT mmWave

ni.com

ni.com/5g