The Role and Impact Social Capital Health and of Appendices · The Role and Impact of Social Capital on the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents: a systematic review Appendices

The Role and Impact of Social Capital on the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents: a systematic review

Appendices

Dr Kerri McPherson

Dr Susan Kerr

Dr Elizabeth McGee

Professor Francine Cheater

Professor Antony Morgan

January 2013

Corresponding author: Dr Kerri McPherson Deputy Director Parenting and Family Support Research Programme Institute for Applied Health Research School of Health & Life Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University 70 Cowcaddens Road Glasgow, G4 0BA, UK. Email: [email protected] Tel: 0141 331 8174

For any enquires relating to this report please contact: James Egan Dr Jennifer McLean Public Health Programme Manager Public Health Programme Manager Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Glasgow Centre for Population Health House 6 94 Elmbank Street Glasgow, G2 4DL, UK. Tel: 0141 287 6959 Web: www.gcph.co.uk

mailto:[email protected]



http://www.gcph.co.uk/

Contents Appendix 1. Websites searched 1

Appendix 2. Search strategy (PsycINFO) 2

Appendix 3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria 4

Appendix 4. Data extraction tool 5

Appendix 5. Quality appraisal tool 8

Appendix 6. Indictors of community social capital 9

Appendix 7. Indictors of family social capital 22

Appendix 1. Websites searched. Barnardo’s http://www.barnardos.org.uk Centre for Educational Development, University of Warwick, UK http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/cedar/ Centre for Research on Families and Relationships, University of Edinburgh, UK http://www.crfr.ac.uk/ Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, UK http://www.spi.ox.ac.uk/ Economic and Social Data Service http://www.esds.ac.uk/ Growing up in Scotland study (GUS) http://www.crfr.ac.uk/gus/index.html Joseph Rowntree Foundation http://www.jrf.org.uk/ MRC Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, UK http://www.sphsu.mrc.ac.uk/ National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) http://www.nice.org.uk/ School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, UK http://www.psych‐sci.manchester.ac.uk/ Scottish Government http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/ World Health Organization http://www.who.int/publications/en/ Assist Social Capital http://www.social‐capital.net/ National Council of Voluntary Organisations (social capital) http://www.ncvo‐vol.org.uk/socialcapital Social Capital Task Group (Edinburgh) http://www.edinburghcompact.org.uk/downloads/Social_capital_health_and_wellbeing.pdf

1

http://www.barnardos.org.uk/

http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/fac/soc/cedar/

http://www.crfr.ac.uk/

http://www.spi.ox.ac.uk/

http://www.esds.ac.uk/

http://www.crfr.ac.uk/gus/index.html

http://www.jrf.org.uk/

http://www.sphsu.mrc.ac.uk/

http://www.nice.org.uk/

http://www.psych-sci.manchester.ac.uk/

http://www.scotland.gov.uk/Publications/

http://www.who.int/publications/en/

http://www.social-capital.net/

http://www.ncvo-vol.org.uk/socialcapital

http://www.edinburghcompact.org.uk/downloads/Social_capital_health_and_wellbeing.pdf

Appendix 2. Search strategy (PsycINFO).

Topic Index terms and keywords

Social capital

S1 social networks/ OR online social networks/ S2 social support/ S3 friendship/ S4 friend* S5 peer relations/ OR peer pressure/ S6 family relations/ OR child discipline/ OR childrearing practices/ OR family

conflict/ OR marital relations/ OR parent child relations/ OR parental role/ OR sibling relations

S7 intergenerational relations/ S8 parenting/ OR authoritarian parenting/ OR childrearing practices/ OR

parent child communication/ OR parental involvement/ OR parenting style/ OR permissive parenting/

S9 school environment/ S10 school* S11 community involvement/ S12 neighborhoods/ OR ghettoes/ S13 social structure/ S14 social capital/ S15 social capital S16 salutogenesis OR asset* based OR health asset* S17 trust (social behaviour)/ OR reciprocity/ S18 trust OR reciprocity S19 social cohesion OR neighbourhood cohesion S20 family social capital OR family capital S21 community social capital OR community capital S22 community processes/ S23 OR/1‐22

Psychosocial health and wellbeing

S24 mental health/ OR community mental health/ S25 emotional intelligence/ S26 psychological development/ S27 cognitive development/ OR intellectual development/ OR language

development/ OR language delay S28 emotional development/ S29 psychosocial development/ OR childhood play/ OR psychosexual

development/ S30 health behavior/ S31 well being/ S32 quality of life/ S33 emotional adjustment/ OR emotional control/ OR identity crisis/ S34 public health/ S35 health promotion/ S36 behavior problems/ S37 child psychology/ OR adolescent psychology/ S38 adolescent development/ S39 childhood development/ OR early childhood development/ OR proximal

development S40 OR/24‐39

2

Combined search S41 S23 AND S40

Combined search with delimiters

S42 limit S41 as follows: publication year – 1990‐2012 peer reviewed journal articles English language age groups – neonatal (birth‐1 month), infancy (2‐23 months), pre‐school

(2‐5 years), school age (6‐12 years), adolescence (13‐17 years) population group – humans

3

Appendix 3. Inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Include Exclude

Study design

experimental (randomised controlled trials, controlled trials, quasi‐experiments)

non‐experimental (surveys, cohort studies, case‐control studies)

qualitative studies

mixed methods studies systematic reviews

non‐peer reviewed studies

non‐empirical articles (e.g. theoretical articles)

case studies

studies developing or validating a new data collection measure

Population

pre‐school children (0‐5 years)

children (5‐10 years) adolescents (10‐19 years)

sub‐groups of children/adolescents (e.g. with long‐term conditions, physical disabilities, severe and enduring mental health problems, autism)

Social capital

indicator(s) of family social capital i.e. family structure, parent‐child‐relations, adult’s interest in child, parental monitoring, extended family exchange and support

o indicator(s) of community social capital i.e. social networks, civic engagement, trust/safety, degree of religiosity; quality of school; quality of neighbourhood, friendships, use of social media

indicator(s) of human and financial capital

where indicators of family/community capital cannot be disentangled from indicators of human/financial capital

where indicators of family/community social capital are measured as outcomes/dependent variables rather than predictor variables

Outcomes

Individual‐level psychosocial health:

mental health e.g. depression, anxiety, stress

health risk behaviours e.g. alcohol use/misuse, smoking, use of illicit drugs, risky sexual behaviour

behavioural issues e.g. conduct problems, aggression/violence, delinquency

developmental issues e.g. language acquisition

Individual‐level psychosocial wellbeing:

emotional wellbeing e.g. happiness, satisfaction with life

psychological wellbeing e.g. autonomy, resilience

social wellbeing e.g. the opposite of conduct disorder, delinquency, interpersonal violence and bullying

outcomes relate exclusively to physical health

4

Appendix 4. Data extraction tool.

Reviewer: KEM SK EM FC AM

Reference details:

Author(s):

Title:

Year:

Journal title/Report series:

Refworks ID number:

Study summary:

Have the author’s explicitly described their work as being social capital?

Yes No

If ‘Yes’, how have the authors described their theoretical approach to social capital?

If ‘No’ what theory/theories are being tested and why is this being interpreted as social capital?

How was family social capital defined/operationalised?

How was community social capital defined/operationalised?

What are the psychosocial health/wellbeing outcomes of interest?

What age are the children?

What country was the study conducted in?

Was the study funded and, if so, where did the funds come from?

Included: Please note reason

Excluded: Is it not possible to disentangle the unique role/impact of family/community social capital from other predictor variables (e.g. other form of social capital or/and sociostructural variables and/or psychosocial variables)

The element of family/community being explored does not fit with our definition(s) of family/community social capital

The psychosocial health/wellbeing outcomes do not fit with our definition (e.g. they relate to academic achievement, clinical disorders)

Other Please note reason

5

Main aim(s)/focus of the paper:

Research questions/hypotheses:

Methodology: please describe the methodological approach

Qualitative

Quantitative

Mixed methods

Participants:

Population the sample is drawn from:

Recruitment method:

Recruitment location:

Sample size (total):

Number of females: Number of males:

Age characteristics of full sample:

Age characteristics of females:

Age characteristics of males:

Ethnic/cultural description of sample:

SES characteristics of sample:

Details of comparative/analysis groups:

Notes:

Data collection:

Method(s) used to collect data:

How was family social capital measured?

How was community social capital measured?

How were the psychosocial health / wellbeing variables measured?

Were the measures reliable/valid?

Where/how/when were the data collected?

Was the data reported by the parent/child/other?

Notes:

6

7

Intervention/evaluation studies:

Describe the intervention:

How many groups were there and how many participants were in each group?

Were the groups comparable at baseline? If not, please describe the difference(s) and any method of managing this in the analysis.

What were the primary outcomes?

What were the secondary outcomes?

What were the data collection points?

Data analysis:

Method of analysis:

Appropriateness of the analysis:

Notes:

Key results:

Author(s) conclusions:

Strengths/limitations:

Strengths as described by author(s):

Additional strengths noted by reviewer:

Limitations as described by author(s):

Additional limitations noted by reviewer:

Relevance to policy/practice:

As described by author(s):

As noted by reviewer:

Additional reviewer comments:

Appendix 5. Quality appraisal tool. Criteria Strong

2 Moderate

1 Weak 0

Notes

Is the social capital theoretical framework explicit? (e.g. Putnam/Coleman)

Are the aims/objectives/research questions clearly stated? (e.g. Do the authors describe the purpose of the research?)

Is there congruity between the research aims/objectives/questions and the research methodology? (e.g. would another methodological approach have been more appropriate?)

Is the recruitment method appropriate? (e.g. is it likely to have kept sampling bias to a minimum?)

Is the sample clearly described? (e.g. are the key features such as age/sex/ethnicity described)

Are the methods clearly described? (e.g. is there enough detail to assess the appropriateness of the measures?)

Is the measurement of each variable valid? (e.g. is it measuring what it set out to measure / is it free from confounding with other variables/constructs?)

Have attempts been made to establish the reliability of the methods used? (e.g. have the authors made attempts to establish the reliability of the methods / or refer to previous assessments of reliability?)

Are the results presented in a transparent way? (e.g. is there enough detail presented?)

Are the results reported with appropriate reference to/consideration of the research aims/objectives/questions? (e.g. are the authors reporting on what they set out to investigate or something else?)

Are the conclusions appropriate given the data presented? (e.g. do the results support the conclusions the authors reach or are their conclusion speculative?)

8

Appendix 6. Indictors of community social capital. Study reference

Social support networks

Civic engagement Trust and safety Religiosity Quality of school Quality of neighbourhood

Composite/other Community SC

Abbotts et al.

200443

Weekly church attendance (Ad)

Aida et al.

200897

Number of case workers/100,000 community residents (O)

Social cohesion and neighbourhood trust measured as number of community centres/100,000 community residents (O)

Al‐Fayez et al.

2011133

Difficulty relating to friends (Ad)

Aneshensel et

al. 199644

Ambient neighbourhood hazards(Ad)

Social cohesion (Ad)

Atkins et al.

2002107

Organised group activity participation (Ad)

Community involvement (Ad)

Religious participation (Ad)

Peer role models (Ad)

Non‐parental adult role models (Ad)

Bartkowski et

al. 2007109

Secular civic participation (Ad)

Humanistic trust (people can be trusted) (Ad)

Generalized exposure to religious norms (Ad)

Internalization of religious norms (Ad)

Degree of interaction within congregational networks (Ad)

Religious trust (Ad)

Faith‐based civic engagement (Ad)

9 Data reported by Ad= adolescents, Ch= school‐aged children, Pc= preschool children, Pr= parent(s), O= other, R= researcher, ?= unclear who the data was collected from

Study reference




Bearinger et

al. 200545

Connectedness to others (Ch/Ad)

School connectedness (Ch/Ad)

Beiser et al.

201146

Perceived social support (Pr)

Perceived school quality (Pr)

Perceived quality of neighbourhood (Pr)

Parental fluency in language of the country they migrated to (Pr)

Bensyl et al.

2011108

Organised group activities (Ad)





Berntsson et

al. 2006132

Child’s experience of bullying (Pc/Ch/Ad/Pr)

Child participation in group activities (Pc/Ch/Ad/Pr)

Parents’ position of trust in an organization (Pc/Ch/Ad/Pr)

Birndorf et al.

200547

Engagement with creative activities (Ad)

Engagement with youth programmes (Ad)

Participation in religious community (Ad)

Relationship with teacher (Ad)

School climate (Ad)

School safety (Ad)

School boundaries (Ad)

Bosacki et al.

200748

Direct and indirect victimization (Ad)

Peer attachment (Ad)

Friendship quality (Ad)

Social isolation (Ad)

Bowker et al.

201049

Friendship quality (Ad)

10 Data reported by Ad= adolescents; Ch= school‐aged children; Pc= pre‐school children; Pr= parent(s); O= other; R= researcher; ?= unclear who the data was collected from.

Study reference




Boyce et al.

2008134

Neighbourhood social capital composite (Ad)

Caughy et al.

200350

Psychological sense of community – knows neighbours (Pr)

Psychological sense of community – general neighbourhood (Pr)

Caughy et al.

2006141

Willingness to assist children in need (Pr)

Willingness to intervene in acts of misbehaviour (Pr)

Neighbourhood negative climate all using (Pr)

Psychological sense of community (Pr)

Caughy et al.

200651

Neighbourhood social capital composite (Pr)

Neighbourhood negative social climate (Pr)

Caughy et al.

200852

Neighbourhood negative social climate (Pr)

Neighbourhood potential for community involvement with children (Pr)


Study reference




Champion et

al. 200853

Participation in school‐related extra‐curricular activity (Ad)

Perceptions of neighbourhood safety (Ad)

Perceptions of school support (Ad)

Perceived neighbourhood organization (Ad)

Perceived neighbourhood connectedness (Ad)

Ciairano et al.

200754

Friendship support (Ad)

Friendship Conflict (Ad)

Cradock et al.

2009103

Adult residents’ perceptions of neighbourhood cohesion (O)

Adult residents’ perception of availability of youth services (O)

Crosby et al.

2003111

Social Capital index (O)

de Souza et al.

2007135

Intergenerational exchange (O)

Dorsey et al.

200356

Neighbourhood dangerousness (Pr)

A composite latent variable comprised of perceived support, availability of support, informal social control and cohesion and trust (Pr)


Study reference




Drukker et al.

200357

Social cohesion & Trust (O)

Informal social control (O)

Drukker et al.

200658



Drukker et al.

201059



DuBois et al.

200260

Perceived social support from significant extra‐familial adults (Ch/Ad)

Dufur et al.

200861

Composite of school‐level social capital (O)

Dunt et al.

2011131

Perceived community support for childrearing practices (Pr)

Perceptions about access to and information about childhood services and community facilities (Pr)

Eder 1990136 Social integration (Ad)

Eitle et al.

2009121

Intergenerational closure (Pr)

El‐Dardiry et

al. 201262

Parental social support (Pr)

Neighbourhood social capital (Pr)


Study reference




El Hajj et al.

201142

Ask for urgent ride from family/friend/neigh‐bour (Ad)

Ask to borrow money from family/friend/neigh‐bour (Ad)

Ask for help with a personal problem from family/friend/neigh‐bour (Ad)

Presence of close friends living nearby (Ad)

Membership in any group (inc sport, social, recreation) (Ad)

Followed up on local issues (Ad)

Control over things in community (Ad)

Trust people in area (Ad)

Believe there’s not a need to be vigilant/cautious when dealing with people (Ad)

Happy living in the area (Ad)

Feel safe walking alone at night (Ad)

Been a victim of verbal/physical assault (Ad)

Exchange reciprocity with neighbour (Ad)

Exchange reciprocity with friend/neighbour/ colleague (Ad)

Exchange reciprocity material help with friend/neighbour/ colleague (Ad)

Eriksson et al.

2011137

Classmate support (Ad)

Perceptions of community trust and safety (Ad)

Erulkar et al.

200941

Social exclusion (Ad)

Evans et al.

2004113

Quantity of other adult support (Ad)

Youth empowerment (Ad)

Perceived school support (Ad)

Fenton et al.

2010105

Teachers interested in students as people (Ad)


Study reference




Fitzpatrick et

al. 200564

Composite measure including quality of parent‐child relations, quality of school and religiosity (Ad)

Glendinning et

al. 200767

Peer support (Ad) School integration and commitment (Ad)

Community constraints and insecurity (Ad)

Harpham et al.

200668

Informal/formal group membership and support received (Pr)

Participation in citizenship activities (Pr)

Composite of sense of belonging, trust, social harmony and perceived fairness (Pr)

Harris et al.

2007114

Organised group activities (Ad)





Hellerstedt et

al. 2006115

Participation in organised sports out of school (Ad)

Participation in volunteering or community service (Ad)

Participation in religious services or programmes (Ad)

Perception of school cares about student, safety in school and teachers’ interest in student as a person (Ad)

Hume et al.

2009101

Perception of neighbourhood social networks (Ch/Ad)

Neighbourhood social capital composite of social cohesion and trust (Ch/Ad)

Jager 201169 Quality of same‐ and

opposite‐sex friendships (Ad)

Quality of relationship with teacher (Ad)

Johnson

199970

Neighbourhood quality (Ad)


Study reference




Kerrigan et al.

2006116

Neighbourhood cohesion (including trust and availability of support) (Ad)

Informal social control (Ad)

Kingston et al.

200971

Social network size (Pr)

Social network involvement (Pr)

Informal social control (Pr)

Social cohesion (Pr)

Limited neighbourhood opportunity (Ad)

Institutional effectiveness (Pr)

Kliewer et al.

200472

Neighborhood Cohesion Scale (Ad)

Landstedt et

al. 200939

Narrative about support from a range of sources (Ad)

Lau et al.

2011138

Degree of interpersonal interactions with friends and schoolmates including cognitive and structural capital (Ad)

Perceived teacher‐student relationship (Ad)

Trust with teachers (Ad)

Parental involvement with school activities (?)

McKay et al.

2007104

State level social trust (?)

State level mutual aid (?)

Mellor et al.

2011117

Frequency of religious service attendance (Ad)


Study reference




Meltzer et al.

200775

Perceptions of neighbourhood trust and safety (Ad)

Morgan et al.

200999

Participation in school & community clubs/activities (Ad)

Neighbourhood sense of autonomy/control (Ad)

School sense of autonomy/control (Ad)

School sense of belonging (Ad)

Neighbourhood sense of belonging (Ad)

Morgan et al.

2012139

Communication with friends (Ad)

Perceived school sense of belonging (Ad)

Perceived school autonomy and control (Ad)

Perceived school social support (Ad)

Perceived neighbourhood sense of belonging (Ad)

Newman

200776

Adolescent social integration participation in organised activities, employment, residential stability and school stability (Pr)

Adult volunteering (Pr)

Adult religious attendance (Pr)

Adult knowledge of community resources (Pr)

Oman et al.

2004119

Use of time (participation in groups/sports) (Ad)





Oman et al.

2004118

Composite of family and community social capital variables (Ad)


Study reference




Oman et al.

2005120






Oman et al.

200577






Parcel et al.

200180

Child’s attendance at church1 (Pr)

School type (O)

Staff/pupil ratio (O)

Levels of parental involvement in school (O)

School social problems (O)

Teachers care (Pr)

Pattussi et al.

200698

Perception of empowerment in residential area aggregated to neighbourhood level (Pr)

Rasic et al.

201181

Importance of religion (Ad)

Frequency of attendance at religious services (Ad)

Reininger et al.

2005122

Quantity of other adult support (Ad)

Youth’s perceptions of empowerment (Ad)

Youth’s perceived school support (Ad)

Rotenberg et

al. 200482

Number of friendships (Ch/Ad)


Study reference




Rotenberg et

al. 200583

Levels of trust in children’s relationships with peers (Ch/Ad)

Singh et al.

2008106

Perceptions of neighbourhood safety (Pr)

Perceptions of school safety (Pr)

Neighbourhood social capital combining trust, cohesion and reciprocity (Pr)

Singh et al.

2008102

Perceptions of neighbourhood safety (Pr)

Neighbourhood social capital combining trust, cohesion and reciprocity (Pr)

Slee et al.

200784

Composite family and community social capital index (Pr)

Smith et al.

200985

Relationships with non‐familial adults (Ad)

Peer support (Ad)

Empowerment (Ad) Caring school (Ad)

School boundaries (Ad)

Smylie et al.

2006123

Contact with close friends (Ad)

Contact with neighbours (Ad)

Participation in sports (Ad)

Active membership of volunteer organisation or association (Ad)

Frequency of participation in religious services (Ad)

Participation in school (Ad)

Immigrant status (Ad)

Language spoken (Ad)

Springer et al.

200686

Perceived social cohesion at school (Ad)

Stevenson

199887

Neighborhood Social Capital Scale (Ad)

Neighbourhood risk (Ad)


Study reference




Stevenson

199788

Neighborhood Social Capital Scale (Ad)

Neighbourhood risk (Ad)

Takakura

2011124

Individual‐level trust in others (Ad)

School‐level trust (Ad)

Vuille et al.

2002126

School climate aggregated at school level (Ad)

Wang et al.

201189




Wen et al.

2012128

Peer support (Ch/Ad) Student‐student support (Ch/Ad)

Teacher support (Ch/Ad)

Wen et al.

2009127

Frequency of hanging out with friends (Ad)

Self‐perceived fitting at school (Ad)

Neighbourhood attachment (happy living in neighbourhood) (Ad)

Neighbourhood social capital (Ad)

Wen 200890 Children’s extra‐

curricular activities (Pr)

Parental volunteering (Pr)

Parental participation in religious services (Pr)

Windle 199491 Friendship

characteristics (Ad)

Winstanley et

al. 2008130

Civic engagement measured as participation in group/societies (Ad)

Neighbourhood disorganisation (Ad)


Study reference




Xue et al.

200592

Organisational participation rates (O)

Collective efficacy (O)

Young et al.

201194

School environment (Ad)

School involvement (Ad)

School dis/engagement (Ad) Teacher/pupil relationship (Ad)

Aggregated school‐level ethos (Ad)

Overall school rating (O)

Denominational versus non‐denominational school (O)

Neighbourhood cohesion (Ad)

Neighbourhood safety (Ad)

Neighbourhood facilities (Ad)

Yugo et al.

200795

Peer connectedness (Ad)

Community engagement (Ad)

School engagement (Ad)

Zambon et al.

2010100

Participation in organised clubs (Ad)


Appendix 7. Indictors of family social capital.

Study reference Family structure Quality of parent‐child relations

Adult’s interest in the child

Parent’s monitoring of the child

Extended family exchange and support

Composite/other family SC

Al‐Fayez et al.

2011133

Parents’ marital status (Ad)

Aneshensel et al.

199644

Intact nuclear versus single parent family (Ad)

Atkins et al. 2002107 Family communication

(Ad)

Bearinger et al.

200545

Family caring (Ch/Ad)

Bensyl et al. 2011108 Family communication

(Ad)

Berntsson et al.

2006132

Parent‐child play (Pr/Pc/Ch/Ad))

Birndorf et al. 200547 Positive family

communications (Ad) Parental involvement in school (Ad)

Family boundaries (Ad)

Borawski et al.

2003110

Perceived parental trust (Ad)

Perception of parental monitoring (Ad)

Perception of negotiated unsupervised time (Ad)

Caughy et al. 200852 Parental eliciting of

affection (Pr)

Survey Measure of Mother‐Child Relationship for Middle Childhood (R)







Caughy et al. 2006141

Modified version of Survey Measure of Mother‐Child Relationship for Middle Childhood (Pr)

Champion et al.

200853

Parental connectedness (Ad)

Delsing et al. 200555 Justice and trust

ratings with families (Pr/Ad)

Dorsey et al. 200356 A composite latent

variable including quality of parent child relations and parental monitoring (Pr)

Dufur et al. 200861 Composite of parental

knowledge of child’s activities child’s

attendance at church1

and time parents are out of house for work (Pr)

Eitle et al. 2009112 Family structure (?) Parent‐child

communication (Ad) Family social relations

(Ad)

Eriksson et al.

2011137

Family structure (Ad) Perceptions of parental social support (Ad)

Evans et al. 2004113 Youth accountability to

parents and other adults (Ad)

Support from parents and other adults in house (Ad)

1Religious involvement is normally assessed to capture community social capital; however, these authors have defined child’s church attendance within family social capital.







Feldman 201063 Maternal sensitivity

(Rs)

Maternal intrusiveness (Rs)

Dyadic reciprocity (R)

Fenton et al. 2010105

Household composition (Ad)

Communication with parents (Ad)

Fitzpatrick et al.

200564

Composite measure including quality of parent‐child relations, quality of school and religiosity (Ad)

Fulkerson et al.

200665

Frequency of family meals (Ad)

Galboda‐Liyanage et

al. 200366

Mother‐child joint activities (Pr)

Glendinning et al.

200767

Single‐ or two‐parent family (Ad)

Family support (Ad) Perceptions of parental monitoring (Ad)

Harris et al. 2007114 Family communication

(Ad)

Hellerstedt et al.

2006115

Living with both parents (Ad) Living with father (Ad)

Jager 201169 Quality of relationship

with mother and father (Ad)

Kerrigan et al.

2006116

Living with at least one biological parent (Ad)

Parental connectivity (Ad)

Parental monitoring (Ad)

Kingston et al. 200971 Single‐parent

household (Pr)







Kliewer et al. 200472 Child Report of Parent

Behavior Inventory Acceptance/Rejection subscale (Ch/Ad)

Parent‐child interaction observation (O)

Landstedt et al.

200939

Narrative about relationship with peers and teachers (Ad)

Lau et al. 2011138 Bond between parent

and child (Pr/Ad)

Maynard et al. 201073 Perceived parental

care (Ad) Perceived parental

control (Ad)

Maynard et al. 201074 Frequency of

participation in activities with family members (Ad)

Morgan et al. 2012139 Perception of family

social support (Ad) Perception of family

autonomy and control (Ad)

Perception of family sense of belonging (Ad)

Morgan et al. 200999 Perceptions of parental

control (Ad) Perceptions of family

sense of belonging (Ad)

Oman et al. 2004119 Family communication

(Ad)

Oman et al. 2004118 Composite of family

and community social capital variables (Ad)

Oman et al. 2005120 Family communication

(Ad)

Oman et al. 200577 Family structure (Ad) Family communication

(Ad)

Parcel et al. 199378 Family conditions (Pr)

Occupational conditions (Pr)

Home environment (Pr)







Parcel et al. 199479 Parental occupational

status (Pr) Number of siblings (Pr)

Parcel et al. 200180 Parental working hours

(Pr) Number of children in household (Pr)

Home environment (Pr)

Parent’s knowledge of child’s activities (Pr)

Number of child’s friends’ parents known (Pr)

Parkes et al. 2011121 Perceived parental

supportiveness (Ad)

Ease of parental communication (Ad)

Frequency of parental communication (Ad)

Perceived parental monitoring (Ad)

Reininger et al.

2005122

Youth’s perceived support by parent or other adults in the household (Ad)

Youth’s perceived accountability to parent and other adults (Ad)

Schinke et al. 201040 Participant narrative

about parent and family members interest in and support for child participation in sporting activities (Ad/Pr/O)

Participant narrative about extended family member support and encouragement in relation to child participation in sporting activities (Ad/Pr/O)

Slee et al. 200784 Composite family and

community social capital index (Pr)

Smith et al. 200985 Parental monitoring

(Ad) Family support (Ad)

Smylie et al. 2006123 Living with one, two

neither parent (Ad)







Springer et al. 200686 Perceived parental

social support (Ad)

Stevenson 199887 Kinship social support

scale

Stevenson 199788 Kinship social support

scale (Ad)

Tolma et al. 2011125 Family communication

(Ad)

Relationship with mother & father (Ad)

Perception of parental monitoring (Ad)

Vandeleur et al.

2009140

Family cohesion (Ad)

Satisfaction with family bonds (Ad)

Wang et al. 201189 Family communication

(Ad)

Wen et al. 2012128 Parental migration

(Ch/Ad) Perceived family support (Ch/Ad)

Perceived family monitoring (Ch/Ad)

Perceived family cohesion (Ch/Ad)

Wen et al. 2009127 Family structure (?) Parent‐child closeness

(?)

Parent‐child communication (?)

Mother’s expectation for adolescent of college graduation (Pr)

Parental control (?)

Wen 200890 Family structure (Pr) Parent‐child conflict

(Pr)

Wight et al. 2006129 Number of parents the

child lives with (Ad) Ease of communication with parents about sex (Ad)

Perceived parental monitoring (Ad)

Winstanley et al.

2008130

Family structure (Ad)



Study reference Family structure Quality of parent‐child

relations Adult’s interest in the child




Ying et al. 200893 Family conflict (Ad) Parental home‐

educational involvement (Pr) Parental school involvement (Pr)

Parents’ social involvement with child’s friends (Pr)

Family cohesion (Ad)

Yugo et al. 200795 Parental nurturance

(Ad) Parental monitoring

(Ad)

Documents

The Role and Impact Social Capital Health and of Appendices · The Role and Impact of Social Capital on the Health and Wellbeing of Children and Adolescents: a systematic review Appendices