The Role of ICT in Development : India

MA-IDM PRESENTERS: Fanouria Georgiou, Adeola Omisore, Priya Yadav Date: 22 March, 2016 (3pm – 6pm)

Outline: Background • ICT and Education• ICT and

Agriculture • ICT and

Governance• ICT and Disaster

Management • ICT and Economic

Wellbeing via mobile telephony Systems

• Mobile Telephone & Money Transfer

• Mobile Telephone & Rural Health Management

• Mobile Shopping (e-commerce)

Background - Context

‘Lower Middle Income’ nation 7th Largest Country in the World – 2.4% land mass GDP US$ 2.07T Diversity of languages – Hindi is the widest spoken Largest democracy Unemployment Rate

3.6% Poverty ratio 21.9% (of

the population) Life expectancy at

birth: 68 2nd– 1.26B69.3%

Background: Theoretical Debates - What is the role of ICT in

Development? Socio-Political Economic life - 21ST Century:

increasingly digital, and those without ICTs will be increasingly excluded (Heed 2009)

WSIS argument ICT 4D in several sectors

Improved ICT access may be a possible pathway away from poverty (May 2002).

“Assessing the role of ICTs in development can be so difficult because they are so multifaceted”

( Parkinson and Ramirez 2006)

Ready Available

Impact Uptake

Background: India’s IT Industry - Components and Impact

2.3 M employed (directly/indirectly). Focus: Software/IT enabled services and Business Process Outsourcing

NASSCOM-McKinsey study suggests IT industry increased exports (in general) by 36% approx.

Leader in emerging markets IT sector growth in 2015 – US $ 4.8B – source: www.statista.com

Creation of Department of Electronics and Information Technology (DIT) – implement national IT policies

State Wide Area Network

(SWAN) -establishing area networks: 29 States and 6 Union Territories over five years

Digital Literacy ICT Research and

Development Statistics2012/132011/122010/112009/102008/09

0.0% 2.0% 4.0% 6.0% 8.0% 10.0%8%

8%6%

6%6%

Contribution to GDP

Q-Agriculture in India: What is the current status?

GOOD THINGS Global Agriculture Powerhouse (World Bank 2014) 17% of GDP (World Bank 2014) Key export crops: wheat, rice, tea and spices Employs 60% of workforce Top 10 Aquaculture nation catch of 3M metric tons Biggest producer of Milk

HOWEVER

Wasteful - 1/5th lost to inefficiencies and Soil fertility in decline, low yield p/hectare by international standards Water table on the rise e.g. Punjab Monsoon dependence – Drought and Floods - Irrigation/Drainage Management 5,650 farmer suicides (2014) National Food Security Act (2013) Fair Price Shops

Case Study: ICT and Agriculture in India - mKRISHI®Technology Platform

Patented mobile-based two way system Forecast Increasing productivity Fair Transparent market Collectivising bargaining

power User friendly interface –

queries in local languages

Q: What is the Role of ICT in Disaster Risk Management ?

Aids preparatory process

Plans for response = Timely relief mitigation

Provision of crucial information

Enhances Emergency communications

Knowledge Warehouses – continuous building

Facilitates Data Planning and impacts Policy decisions

Designs early warning systems

Actuarial calculations for Risk Mitigation

Integrated Disaster Management Cycle

DURING •Emergency Operations, Search and Rescue, Evacuation

POST•Temporary Housing, Rehabilitation, Processing Claims

PRE•Emergency Training, Warning Systems, Evacuation

FUTURE•Vulnerability Analysis, Public Education

Mitigate

Prepare

RespondRecover

Capacity

Building

Disaster

ICT and Disaster Risk Management in India

ICT Disaster InterventionsAdvantage Disadvantage

Radio/TV • Accessible • Cascades information

• Adverse weather reliability • Timing to formulate broadcast

Mobile/SMSPhone

• Speedy delivery • High usage – 50% in India  

• Expensive initial outlay• Vulnerability – e.g. 7th July

Satellites • Repeated observations • Large coverage areas

• Launching into orbit costly • Signals affected by weather front

Internet/E-mail

• Interactive , Speedy • Veracity (checkable) • Structured Messages

• Dependant on speed and coverage• May be problematic in rural areas/Power-

cut concerns

Central Database/Apps

• Central • Inventory of Ressources • Interface availability - diffèrent

devices – Mobiles, Tablet etc.

GIS • Useful for Hazard zoning • Real time imagery

• Expensive interpretation and expertise required

India’s Disaster Resources Network – Q: WHAT? HOW?

DATA!IDRN:

Web based platform, Equipment Inventory Management, Skilled HR & Supplies for Emergency = Enabled decision making

Centrally hosted Online inventory at National level

Maintained by National Institute of Disaster Management (NIDM) at National Data Centre

District Collectors/Civil Servants/Magistrates authorised to request for updates via District Informatics Officers.

ICT Governance

What is ICT Governance – e governance? Service for Citizens Leading the transformation of government to

provide efficient, convenient and transparent services to citizens and businesses through the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). 

Challenges in ICT Governance

Direct Project Planning

Cost

Time

Communication Quality

Risk

Training

Indirect Poverty 21.9% ( 259.9 M

lining under $1.90 according to measurements of 2011)

Illiteracy 27.9%

Language dominance (Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Urdu, Gujarati, Punjabi, Assamese, English)

Unawareness

Infrastructure issues

ICT e- government Projects in India

35% of Government projects are a total failure

50% are partial failure

15% are successful

No Initiative

Main stated goals not achieved

Got success initially but failed later

All stakeholders benefited

No adverse results

ICT “Smart city Framework of India”

http://blogs.nasscom.in/suggested-smart-city-ict-and-geospatial-technologies-framework-for-india/

ICT Governance “Cycle of Efficiency”

ICT Governanc

e

Real Time Monitoring

Greater Accessibili

ty

Low Cost

Low Training

Cost

Multiple Access

Effective Adaptabilit

y

ICT as utility to every citizen in India

High speed internet Unique Identify –lifelong online authenticable Mobile phone and bank account participation

in digital finance Easy access to a common service centreShareable private space on a public cloudSafe and secure cyber space

Case Study: The Digital India Umbrella Program

A program to transform India into a digitally empowered society and prepare India for a knowledge future.

a single, comprehensive vision so that each of them is seen as part of a larger goal.

It is coordinated by DeitY, implemented by the entire government.

Pulls together many existing schemes which will be restructured and re-focused, implemented in a synchronized manner, processed with minimal goal

ICT for E-health

What is e-health?: The use of ICT to improve or enable health and

healthcareNot only technologies but re- engineering of health-

care processes but also consideration of the socio-technical aspects of design and development of e-health

Services are offered to be used through the Internet Interaction of citizens with health professional

Benefits of ITC for e-health

Promote health of the poor and preventing poverty

Patient mentoring and tracking Reducing the healthcare burden on

government Increase of accessibility and affordability Managing the scarcity of doctors and beds

(i.e:Webmd)

The “Telemedicine Cycle”

Public Awarenes

s Disease

Surveillance

Telemedicine

Second Opinion?

Continuing Medical

Education

Home –care

Monitoring

Disaster Managem

ent

E-health limitations and suggestions

Limitations:

Cost

Training

Time

Luck of Experience, Infrastructure, Health Services, Employment as well as means to maintain future projects

Suggestions:

Sponsorship proposals

Negotiation with Donors

Recruitment of Indian experts who live abroad to come and engage the new technologies

How e-commerce, e-health and e-learning can contribute to Global

e-health

http://www.idrc.ca/EN/Resources/Publications/openebooks/396-6/index.html

ICT and Education

Elementary school- 2,555,222

Colleges -17625

Central and state universities- 389

Institute of national

importance- 78

20 Billion software export.

One - Third start up having Indian connections.

5th largest telecom in the world.

2 Million subscribers added every year with 42 million internet users.

ICT for Learning Objectives

LEARNING OBJECTIVE

TEXT VIDEO AUDIO COMPUTER

INTERNET

STORAGE OR DISPLAY

# # # # #

EXPLORATION

# # # # #

APPLICATION #     # #

ANALYSIS       # #EVELUATION # # # # #

CONSTRUCTING OR

DESIGNING A PROJECT

#   #   #

Potential of ICT in Education

ICT and mobile telephony system

Case study: - Centre for Multi Disciplinary Research (CMDR),

Dharwad Study’s Outcome: Improvement of enrolment and attendance Increase of computer literacy among students and teachers Enhanced computer-aided learning by students Significant increase in pass percentage in Tenth Standard Public

ExamStudy's Impact IMRB, Bangalore: Study showed 83% of teachers said that they are using ICT regularly 86% of Principals said ICT had a positive impact on teachers and

students

E-Commerce Trends

India’s e-commerce market is poised to grow 36% during 2015-2020.

E-commerce market is dominated by e-service segment.

Encouraging business to innovate and offer diversified products.

Buying trends during 2016 will witness a significant upward movement due to aggressive online discounts.

Key drivers to e-commerce

Large population subscribed to broadband internet.

Explosive growth to smart phone users.Availability of wider product ranges. Increased usage of classified sites.Evolution of million dollar start-up.

E-Commerce Trends

S.NO COMPANY 2013 2014 VISITORS CHANGE IN %

1 JABONG.COM 15,922 26,264 65

2 AMAZON 15,228 24,166 58

3 FLIPKART.COM 14,115 22,382 59

4 SNAPDEAL.COM 11,189 20,993 88

5 EBAY 9,675 12,733 32

6 SNAPCLUES.COM

2,402 7,246 202

7 ZOVI.COM 1,360 5,974 339

• Remote access

• Saves time and fuel

• Discounts and deals

• Cash on delivery

• Easy exchange

Emergence of Online Shopping

• Direct debit- Internet banking

is 46.6 of the total transactions

• Visa debit/credit-27.1%

• MasterCard debit/credit-13.6%

• Cash-11.2%

Payment Methods

Challenges to e-commerce

Absence of cyber laws.

Privacy and security concerns.

Virus problem.

Language barrier.

Payment and Tax Related Issues.

mChek by Airtel in India

Key scenarios in which mChek can be used:Mobile Recharge and bill payments - Mobile Mall - Money Transfer - Over the counter (OTC) paymentsMNOs, banks, merchants and consumers are

embracing and enjoying mChek’s mobile security and payments platform.

Challenges for Mobile transfers

Trust is a prerequisite in the success or otherwise of mobile transactions.

Fraud remains a key concern.The ubiquity, and indeed the popularity, of

card payments across the developed world.Security and standardization.

Discussion

“ My point is not that the IT industry should do something for the country at large, for that it does anyway. … My point, rather, is that it can do … much more. This is partly because the reach of information is so wide and all-inclusive, but also because the prosperity and commanding stature of the IT leaders and activists give them voice, power, and ability to help the direction of Indian economic and social direction. ” — Amartya Sen

“The hole in the wall” project

Question Time!

References

How the 'Silicon Valley of India' is bridging the digital divide. Available at: < http://edition.cnn.com/2012/12/06/tech/bangalore-india-internet-access > Accessed [ 25 February, 2016]

www.statista.com/chart/2799/emerging-markets-to-lead-tech-sector-growth-in-2015/

The Global Opportunity in IT-Based Services . Available at: < http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTINFORMATIONANDCOMMUNICATIONANDTECHNOLOGIES/Resources/282822-1208273252769/The_Global_Opportunity_in_IT-Based_Services.pdf >. Accessed [ 28 February, 2016]

Growth of India's IT Industry. Available at: < http://www.economywatch.com/india-it-industry/growth.html >. Accessed [ 29 February, 2016]

The ICT4D 2.0 Manifesto: Where Next for ICTs and International Development? Available at: < http://www.sed.manchester.ac.uk/idpm/research/publications/wp/di/index.htm >. Accessed [ 25 February, 2016]

Adoption of precision agriculture technologies in India and in some developing countries: Scope, present status and strategies http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1002007109000173

http://terpconnect.umd.edu/~cpikas/878/Pikas_The_Impact_of_ICTs_on_ISSC_0506.pdf 

http://www.isaca.org/chapters9/Accra/Events/Documents/eGovernance%20in%20India.pdf 

http://www.csi-sigegov.org/egovernance_pdf/3_10-25.pdf

http://www.iimahd.ernet.in/egov/documents/ict-and-egovernance-for-rural-development.pdf

http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/India%20-%20Disaster%20Management%20%26%20ICT%20-%20Ms.%20Renu%20Bhudhiraja.pdf

http://www.palgraveconnect.com.ezproxy.westminster.ac.uk/pc/doifinder/10.1057/9781137005540 

http://www.gsma.com/publicpolicy/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/gsma-deloitte-impact-mobile-telephony-economic-growth.pdf 

Incredible India

Bibliography

Abhinav International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research In Management & Technology 56 ISSN – 2320-0073 Volume II, August’13 Available at: < www.abhinavjournal.com > Accessed [ 25 February, 2016]

http://escholarship.org/uc/item/8j01m41b#page-7

Evaluating the Impact of Development Projects on Poverty. Available at: < http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTISPMA/Resources/handbook.pdf >. Accessed [ 20 January, 2016]

http://www.foodsecurityportal.org/india

http://www.ifpri.org/

http://operations.ifad.org/web/ifad/operations/country/home/tags/india

https://unfccc.int/files/adaptation/nairobi_work_programme/private_sector_initiative/application/pdf/tata.pdf

http://www.syngentafoundation.org/__temp/Report_on_mAgriculture_abridged_web_version.pdf

http://www.slideshare.net/amittyagi104/role-of-ict-in-good-governance

http://www.ci-journal.net/index.php/ciej/article/view/313/429

http://www.slideshare.net/amittyagi104/role-of-ict-in-good-governance

Incredible India