Upload
others
View
11
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
The Russian Core
Unit 5
Chapter 14
Section 1: Physical Geography
Landforms
• 2 major mountain ranges: – Ural
– Caucasus
• Other major landforms include plateaus, plains, and hills
• Plentiful waterways: – Chernozem-rich, black soil,
great for agriculture
Water Systems
• Rivers of this area have helped the region grow, expand, and find success.
• Volga River and Dnieper River exist here; some of the longest rivers in the world
– Commercial resource
– Transportation resource
– Hydroelectric resource
Water Systems
• Lake Baikal
– Southeast Russia
– Oldest lake in the world
– Deepest lake in the world
– 1/5 of all unfrozen freshwater on the planet
Climate, Biomes, & Resources
• Tundra
– 10% of Russia
– Permafrost-permanently frozen layer of soil beneath the surface of the ground
• Subarctic
– Over 50 degrees for only 4 months of the year
– Boreal forest (coniferous)
Climate, Biomes, & Resources
• Midlatitude – Western regions
– Milder winters and warmer summers
– Most Russians live here
– Most agriculture occurs here
• Steppe – Between Black and Caspian Seas
– Open grassland
– Good agricultural area due to chernozem
Climate, Biomes, & Resources
• Natural Resources
– 1/5 of the world’s forests
– Large petroleum deposits
– Huge amount of coal
– Natural gas
– Nickel production
– Hydroelectric power
– Iron ore
Section 2: Human Geography
History and Government
• Early History
– Originally settled by fishermen and farmers
– City-states developed and the area was wealthy due to trade routes
– 1200s: Mongols invaded and ruled for 200 years
– Czar Peter I (Peter the Great) came to power
History and Government
• Peter the Great – Modernized Russia:
• expanded Russian territory,
• built a stronger military,
• developed trade relationships with Western Europe
• Catherine the Great (1700s) and the Romanovs – Expanded Russia’s empire
– Russification-19th/20th century, gov. program that required everyone to speak Russian and become a Christian.
History and Government
• Revolution and Change
– Karl Marx
– Russian Revolution
– WWII and satellite nations
History and Government
• Revolution and Change:
– Cold War
– Perestroika-Gorbachev’s plan to reform the Soviet economy and government
– Glasnost-new openness in areas of politics, social issues, and media
Society and Culture Today
• Cultural shifts:
– Religion
– Language
– Ethnicities
– Education
Society and Culture Today
• Women
– Declining birth rate
– Higher education
– Encouragement to enter industries
– Feminism
Economics
• Under communism, things were not good
• Towards the end of the Cold War: – Shift towards market capitalism and privatization
• Post-Cold War: economy was doing well until the Russian ruble (currency) lost its value
• Today: economy was doing well, ruble recently fell again
• Resource and trade are helping Russia gain wealth
Section 3: People and Their Environment
Managing Resources
• Secondary and tertiary sectors are flourishing
• Petroleum has helped Russia become one of the world’s largest producers
• Fishing
Environmental issues?
Managing Resources
• Nuclear Power
• Toxic waste
• Pollution
• Pesticides