The Second Industrial Revolution

•Bessemer Process- “new” process to make more steel for less cost by burning off impurities.

•Steel became the best material with which to manufacture and build.•Oil- was a new substance with major industrial uses;

could lubricate machinery; a cheaper alternative to whale oil used in lamps.

•Elijah McCoy- African American inventor who created a system to lubricate a machine while it was running.

The Second Industrial Revolution

• The Transcontinental Railroad was finished in 1869 when the Central Pacific and the Union Pacific RRs met at Promontory Point, Utah.

• Cornelius Vanderbilt created a RR empire by buying smaller RR lines and connecting major cities.(1870)

• Inventors like the Duryea brothers tinkered with machines to create horseless carriages.(1890s)

• The Wright Brothers created their “flyer” and first achieved powered flight on December 17, 1903.

The Second Industrial Revolution

• Morse invented the telegraph as a means of communicating over wires using electricity.(1837)

• Bell invented the telephone in 1876, AKA, the “talking telegraph.”

• Christopher Sholes developed the typewriter in 1867 to quickly reproduce legible documents.

• Edison invented the phonograph (1877) and the light bulb (1879) assisted by Lewis Latimer

The Second Industrial Revolution

•Communist Manifesto- utopian political/economic pamphlet that explained communism: Proletariat would rise up against the Bourgeoisie, a world economic revolution would occur, all private wealth would be re-distributed to the masses. (Karl Marx & Frederick Engels)•Bourgeoisie- the middle/upper class.•Proletariat- the working class.•Communism- society shares all resources.•Capitalism- private ownership of resources.•Social Darwinism- Society of the fittest.