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The Seven Years War: 1754 to 1763 Wait: Isnt that 9 years? Yes. Yes, it is.

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What started it? In a nutshell: Trade. European empires were starting to get in each others way. This led to conflict. Empires also had shifting allegiances with other empires.

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Why Winston Churchill called it the first world war Allied with English Prussia Hanover Brunswick-Wolfenbuttel Iroquois Confederacy Portugal Hesse-Kassel Schaumburg-Lippe Allied with France Austria Russia Spain Sweden Saxony Mughal Empire

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Psst! Want some more maps? Psst! Want some more maps?

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VS James Wolfe 1727-1759 English Commander Brilliant, but makes very strange choices Doesnt listen to others opinions Not very popular with his men Louis-Joseph de Montcalm-Gozon (Most folks just call him Montcalm) 1712-1759 French Commander Experienced Efficient leader, but tends to do things by the book Liked by his men, but disliked by the local political leadership in Quebec

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Three Important Battles Fort Necessity Siege of Fort William Henry Battle of the Plains of Abraham

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Fort Necessity In Ohio River Valley Both English and French colonists thought they had rights to the area Fur Traders kept getting in each others territory George Washington provokes a fight with the French He then retreats to a fort he quickly put together, called Fort Necessity British lose, Washington retreats (the only time he ever does so) This starts the French and Indian War, the North American part of the war.

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Siege of Fort William Henry Another battle, this time a French and First Nations siege of an English fort. English retreat. Some First Nations allied with the French chase down and kill the retreating soldiers English use this event as an excuse for several later attacks against the First Nations

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Battle of the Plains of Abraham Battle that decides the fate of North America Wolfe and Montcalm meet at a a farmers field outside of Quebec City Wolfe wins the battle in less than thirty minutes, due to unusual tactics Both Wolfe and Montcalm die in the battle

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Videos! Dont write this part! Great background by John Green. Hes American, and talks really fast, but its a great overview. Great background by John Green A 5 minute video. A bit easier to digest. A 5 minute video.

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The Royal Proclamation of 1763

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What was in this proclamation? A proclamation is a statement by a king or a queen that is made into law. Colonists forbidden from going on land West of the Proclamation line Only the Crown (the King) could buy lands from the First Nations. Laws favoured the English (ex: no Catholics allowed to be elected)

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Why? Britain had control of land buying process. Not colonists or Aboriginals. By keeping colonists from moving West, Britain hoped that colonists in the South would move North into Quebec.

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reaction Good for First Nations, because it protected their rights to land in the West. Also bad for First Nations, because they didnt have the option to sell their own land Bad for the French, who worried that the King was trying to make Quebec more English. Bad for Americans, who wanted to move West, but werent allowed.

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Quebec Act 1774

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What was in the Quebec act? Guaranteed French language rights Allowed Roman Catholics to run for office Brought back French property and civil law but kept English criminal law. Allowed Catholic church to tithe again (tax for church), which made the Catholics happier.

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Why? No one wanted another fight between the French and the English. British needed to balance needs of English Against needs of French.

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Reaction: Table Groups How would you react if you were: French, and living in Quebec? English, and living in Quebec? An American colonist? First Nations?