Text of The Skeleton. Two Divisions Axial Appendicular Axial Skeleton
Slide 1
The Skeleton
Slide 2
Two Divisions Axial Appendicular
Slide 3
Axial Skeleton
Slide 4
The axis of the Body Skull Inner ear bones Hyoid Bone Rib cage
Vertebral column
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Axial Skeleton Functions Framework for supporting and
protecting organ systems in dorsal and ventral body cavities
Surface area for muscle attachment Head, neck and trunk stability
and movement Respiratory movement Stabilize/position appendicular
skeleton
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Skull Protect Brain Support sense organs Vision Hearing Balance
Olfaction gustation
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Skull 22 bones 8 cranial 14 facial Seven additional bones in
the skull 6 auditory ossicles Hyoid bone
Slide 8
Hyoid Bone Suspended below the skull by ligaments Muscle base
for the larynx (voice box) Supports and positions the larynx
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Vertebral Column Spine is 26 bones 24 vertebrae Saccrum
Coccyx
Slide 10
Vertebral Column Vertebrae are in regions Cervical (C1 C7): C1
= atlas; C2 = axis Thoracic (T1 T12) Articulate with ribs Lumbar
(L1 L5) Total length in average adult is 28 inches
Slide 11
Intervertebral Disc Fibrocartilage disc that lies between two
adjoining vertebrae Not found in sacrum or coccyx Shock
absorbers
Slide 12
Act as ligaments that hold the vertebrae of the spine together
and as cartilaginous joints that allow for slight mobility in the
spine. Allow for movement at the waist as they act as a pivot point
and allow the lumbar spine to bend, rotate, and twist
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Vertebrae Anatomy For the three types of vertebrae there are
different distinguishing features The openings of the vertebrae
(foramen) form the vertebral canal which enclose the spinal
cord
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Vertebrae Anatomy Vertebral foramen: opening Vertebral arch:
posterior margin of foramen Transverse process: site for muscle
attachment Spinous process: Bump down your back Body:
weight-bearing portion Lamina: roof of vertebral arch Pedicle:
walls of vertebral arch
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Cervical Vertebrae There are seven cervical vertebrae which are
located in the neck. They are the smallest, and lightest vertebrae
of the vertebral column.
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Cervical Vertebrae Anatomy Body Lamina Transverse Process
Superior articular facet Foramen Spinous Process Pedicle
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Thoracic Vertebrae The rib cage of the chest is attached to the
thoracic spine at each level. Gives a great deal of stability and
support to the upper body. Limits the back's movement at the chest
level.
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Thoracic Vertebrae Anatomy Body Lamina Transverse Process
Superior articular facet Foramen Spinous Process Pedicle
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Lumber Vertebrae There are 5 lumbar vertebrae located in the
lower back. Receive the most stress and are the weight- bearing
portion of the back. Allow movements such as flexion and extension
and some lateral flexion.
Slide 20
Lumbar Vertebrae Anatomy Body Lamina Transverse Process
Superior articular facet Foramen Spinous Process Pedicle
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Sacrum and Coccyx Sacrum: five fused vertebrae Protects
reproductive and digestive organs Attaches axial to appendicular
skeleton Extensive muscle attachment Coccyx: 3-5 fused vertebrae
Attachment site for muscle that closes anal opening
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Spinal Curves Curved to allow for weight distribution 2 primary
curves: appear in late fetal development Thoracic Sacral 2
secondary curves: occur months after birth Cervical lumbar
Ribs and Sternum 12 pairs of ribs 7 pairs of true ribs Reach
the anterior body wall and connect to the sternum by separate
cartilage (costal cartilage) 8-12 are false ribs Do not attach
directly to the sternum Costal cartilage of 8-10 fuses with 7 Last
Two pairs = floating ribs No sternum connection
Slide 27
Slide 28
Sternum Manubrium: articulates with the clavicle Body Xiphoid
process
Slide 29
intervertebral disc x ray
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