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The objectives for this slideshow are:
• You will learn what a Totalitarian government is
• You will be able to identify the two sides fighting for control of Spain.
• You learn about the role that Russia, but especially Germany, had in the Spanish Civil War.
• You will learn about the impact of the bombing of Guernica and the impact of Picasso’s painting.
There was poverty and unrest. Many felt that a
“communist” government might hold answers to relieve the
misery…
Totalitarianism means: Total control.
• Control over people’s lives
• Control over what they read
• Control over where they work
• Control over political process
• Control over businesses.
In Germany and Italy,
people gave up their personal freedoms for the economic prosperity and national glory that Hitler and
Mussolini offered them.
In Russia, Stalin was forcing the Communist
system on the people. When the farmers of the Ukraine rebelled, he
starved them to death.
Other countries were affected by the
unrest…in the United States, thousands
joined the communist party.
In Spain, the government
would face a test when force on the “right” who
were anti-communist,
would face those on the “left.”
This clash became a civil war, which cost Spain billions of dollars and hundreds of thousands of lives.
For these dictators, it
was an opportunity to
“test” their weapons,
including tanks and planes, and see how they worked.
Many other nations wanted to fight for the
two sides—some Americans included--
but all came unofficially to support
the side that they believed was right.
Those who were on the left were also against the power of the Catholic church. As a result,
thousands of nuns and
priests were slaughtered.
Hitler sent his famous “Condor Legion.” This was a group of skilled pilots with new planes that were
skilled at dive bombing..
A group of women and children. They were lifted high into the air, maybe 20 feet or so, and they started to break up. Legs, arms, heads, and bits and pieces flying everywhere.
Pablo Picasso, a Spanish
painter, chose to use this bombing of the town as
the theme for a very large
painting.
The painting is almost the size of one wall of your classroom. It is done in
black, grey, and white.
The images are startling. Picasso tried to be secretive about the painting’s meaning…
but we have clues about why he included certain drawings.
Guernica took months to
paint. It was displayed in Paris. Let’s
take a look at some of the symbolism…
The fallen warrior is from the legend of Parsifal—whose sword breaks in half at the crucial moment
of battle.
The slashes on the horse are representative of newsprint—the newspaper that lists those who
have died.
The Spanish Civil War ended when the National troops won. Hitler and
Mussolini began to work closer together as dictators.
But Spain did not join with Hitler’s Germany, even though Hitler had helped the national troops in their
Spanish Civil War.
Anwhat about Guernica—well, after it was showed in Paris, it was seen in
other places, then it was sent to New York City, where it remained. BUT IT WAS NOT RETURNED TO SPAIN!!
Picasso said it should only return to Spain when Franco died. When Franco died, the canvas was
rolled up and sent back to Spain.
In 1981, Guernica was finally sent back to Spain. There it can be seen today…a
masterpiece of modern painting.
The objectives for this slideshow are:
• You will learn what a Totalitarian government is
• You will be able to identify the two sides fighting for control of Spain.
• You learn about the role that Russia, but especially Germany, had in the Spanish Civil War.
• You will learn about the impact of the bombing of Guernica and the impact of Picasso’s painting.