The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Reformation

The Spread of Protestantism The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Reformationand the Catholic Reformation

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Huldrych ZwingliHuldrych Zwingli

► Denounced Catholic Denounced Catholic religion like Lutherreligion like Luther

► Stressed salvation Stressed salvation alone – NO sale of alone – NO sale of indulgencesindulgences

► Set up a Set up a theocracytheocracy – a church run state – a church run state in Zurich in Zurich SwitzerlandSwitzerland

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John CalvinJohn Calvin► Set up a theocracy in the Set up a theocracy in the

Swiss city of GenevaSwiss city of Geneva► Formulated his own Formulated his own

Protestant theology by Protestant theology by breaking the bible downbreaking the bible down

► Wrote it down in- Wrote it down in- The The Institutes of the Catholic Institutes of the Catholic ReligionReligion

► Believed that God has a Believed that God has a “set” plan for everyone “set” plan for everyone in the worldin the world

► PredestinationPredestination – God – God determines the fate of determines the fate of your lifeyour life

► Inspiration for John Knox Inspiration for John Knox – leader of Scotland – leader of Scotland ReformationReformation

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AnabaptistsAnabaptists

► Baptized and Baptized and admitted only people admitted only people that were adultsthat were adults

► Believed you needed Believed you needed to be old enough to to be old enough to make a choicemake a choice

► Believed solely in the Believed solely in the separation of church separation of church and stateand state

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King Henry VIII’s PredicamentKing Henry VIII’s Predicament► Wanted a male heir to Wanted a male heir to

his thronehis throne► Catherine of Aragon Catherine of Aragon

gave him 6, all died gave him 6, all died except one girlexcept one girl

► Asked Pope to divorce Asked Pope to divorce them b/c she couldn’t them b/c she couldn’t have anymore childrenhave anymore children

► Act of SupremacyAct of Supremacy – Made – Made the English king head of the English king head of the church, not the Popethe church, not the Pope

► Forced church to grant Forced church to grant him a divorcehim a divorce

► He married 5 times until He married 5 times until he finally had a son - he finally had a son - EdwardEdward

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Catherine of Aragon #1Catherine of Aragon #1

► They were married when They were married when he became King in 1509. he became King in 1509.

► She was older and wiser She was older and wiser than him and often gave than him and often gave him advice on how to him advice on how to rule.rule.

► She was a good and She was a good and faithful wife for over faithful wife for over twenty years. twenty years.

► She had many children, She had many children, but only one survived, but only one survived, Mary, who would later Mary, who would later become Queen.become Queen.

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Anne Boelyn #2Anne Boelyn #2► Henry fell in love with Anne Henry fell in love with Anne

when she was a servant in the when she was a servant in the Queens Household in 1522. Queens Household in 1522.

► He married Anne in 1533, and He married Anne in 1533, and later that year she gave birth later that year she gave birth to a girl, Elizabeth who would to a girl, Elizabeth who would grow up to be a strong Queen grow up to be a strong Queen for England. for England.

► Henry soon got fed up with Henry soon got fed up with Anne, so he accused her of Anne, so he accused her of meeting other men. She meeting other men. She begged Henry to believe in her begged Henry to believe in her innocence but he didn't and in innocence but he didn't and in 1536 she was beheaded. 1536 she was beheaded.

► 11 days later Henry married 11 days later Henry married his third wife. his third wife.


Jane Seymour #3Jane Seymour #3

► She was gentle and She was gentle and modest and not modest and not grumpy like Anne. grumpy like Anne.

► She gave birth to a son She gave birth to a son in 1537, Edward, who in 1537, Edward, who would become King would become King after his father. after his father.

► Sadly, 12 days later, Sadly, 12 days later, she died of she died of complications with complications with childbirth. It is said that childbirth. It is said that Henry loved Jane the Henry loved Jane the best of all his wives and best of all his wives and he waited two years he waited two years before marrying again. before marrying again.


Anne of Cleves #4Anne of Cleves #4► Henry wanted to make a Henry wanted to make a

'good' marriage this time and 'good' marriage this time and decided to look all over Europe decided to look all over Europe for a bride. He sent painters to for a bride. He sent painters to paint women from all over paint women from all over

► A picture was shown to him of A picture was shown to him of Anne of Cleves and he agreed Anne of Cleves and he agreed to marry her without ever to marry her without ever having met her! having met her!

► When she arrived in England, When she arrived in England, Henry was very excited to Henry was very excited to meet her but she didn't speak meet her but she didn't speak any English and didn't know any English and didn't know who he was. She was very who he was. She was very rude to Henry and ignored rude to Henry and ignored him. him.

► The marriage lasted six The marriage lasted six months. months.

► 20 days after his second 20 days after his second divorce, Henry married his fifth divorce, Henry married his fifth wife.wife. http://www.brims.co.uk/tudors/wives.html

Katherine Howard #5Katherine Howard #5

► No-one knows her actual No-one knows her actual birth date, but she was still birth date, but she was still a teenager when they a teenager when they married. (He was 49!)married. (He was 49!)

► She was lively, pretty, kind She was lively, pretty, kind and a bit ditzy but Henry and a bit ditzy but Henry thought she was perfect. thought she was perfect.

► However, she was However, she was previously, secretly previously, secretly engaged to one man and engaged to one man and possibly a second one too.possibly a second one too.

► When the King found out he When the King found out he chopped both the man's chopped both the man's heads off, followed by heads off, followed by Katherine's in 1542.Katherine's in 1542.


Kathryn Parr #6Kathryn Parr #6

► She was really in love with She was really in love with Thomas Seymour (Jane Thomas Seymour (Jane Seymour's brother) but she Seymour's brother) but she was too scared to refuse the was too scared to refuse the King when he called on her King when he called on her to be his wife (which was to be his wife (which was probably wise!). probably wise!).

► Henry was very fat and ill by Henry was very fat and ill by now and Kathryn was as now and Kathryn was as much a nurse as a wife. much a nurse as a wife.

► When Henry died in 1547, When Henry died in 1547, Kathryn quickly married Kathryn quickly married Thomas Seymour (her Thomas Seymour (her fourth husband). fourth husband).


Edward VIEdward VI

► Son of Henry VIII and Son of Henry VIII and Jane SeymourJane Seymour

► Reigned from 1547-Reigned from 1547-1553 (he was 10 when 1553 (he was 10 when he became King and he became King and died at 16)died at 16)

► First Protestant King First Protestant King ► Named Lady Jane Grey Named Lady Jane Grey

as his successor as his successor ► She reigned for 9 days She reigned for 9 days

before Queen Mary before Queen Mary replaced Herreplaced Her

Bloody MaryBloody Mary► Daughter of Catherine of Aragon Daughter of Catherine of Aragon

and Henry VIIIand Henry VIII► VERY devoutly CatholicVERY devoutly Catholic► Angry with her father for divorcing Angry with her father for divorcing

her mother her mother ► Took the throne from Lady Jane Took the throne from Lady Jane

GreyGrey► Sought to return England to Sought to return England to

CatholicismCatholicism► First female monarch of EnglandFirst female monarch of England► Reigned from 1553-1558Reigned from 1553-1558► Imprisoned her sister in the Tower Imprisoned her sister in the Tower

of London for 2 months then put of London for 2 months then put her under house arresther under house arrest

► Suffered from 2 false pregnancies Suffered from 2 false pregnancies ► Died at the age of 42, probably Died at the age of 42, probably

from ovarian cancer from ovarian cancer ► Had 283 Protestants burned at the Had 283 Protestants burned at the

stake during her reignstake during her reign

Queen Elizabeth IQueen Elizabeth I

► September 7, 1533-September 7, 1533-March 24, 1603March 24, 1603

► Reign: 1558-1603Reign: 1558-1603► Known as the Virgin Known as the Virgin

QueenQueen► Daughter of Anne Daughter of Anne

Boleyn and Henry Boleyn and Henry VIIIVIII

► Moderate ProtestantModerate Protestant► Declared no official Declared no official

religion in Englandreligion in England

Queen Elizabeth I Cont’d Queen Elizabeth I Cont’d

► Had enormous Had enormous popularitypopularity

► Mary, Queen of Mary, Queen of Scots, was her Scots, was her cousin who tried to cousin who tried to over throw herover throw her Had her put to deathHad her put to death

► Gained major power Gained major power with the defeat of with the defeat of the Spanish Armada the Spanish Armada in 1588in 1588

The Catholic ReformationThe Catholic Reformation► Pope Paul III called Pope Paul III called

together bishops in Trent, together bishops in Trent, ItalyItaly

► Wanted to stop the Wanted to stop the advancement of advancement of Protestantism and reform Protestantism and reform Catholicism. Catholicism. His goals His goals were….were….

► 1.No more selling 1.No more selling indulgences indulgences

► 2. Clergy were to 2. Clergy were to follow strict rules of follow strict rules of behavior behavior

► 3. Establish a 3. Establish a seminary, or school for seminary, or school for priestspriests

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Spreading CatholicismSpreading Catholicism

► The JesuitsThe Jesuits – – traveled from traveled from country to country country to country spreading spreading CatholicismCatholicism

► Matteo RicciMatteo Ricci traveled to China traveled to China and preached to the and preached to the Ming DynastyMing Dynasty

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Teresa of AvilaTeresa of Avila

► Opened many convent Opened many convent houses throughout Spain houses throughout Spain

► Declared a saint after Declared a saint after she diedshe died

► (A Little Fact)- Her grave (A Little Fact)- Her grave was opened many times was opened many times -Her heart, hands, right -Her heart, hands, right foot, right arm, left eye foot, right arm, left eye and part of her jaw are and part of her jaw are on display in various on display in various sites around the world sites around the world

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Peace of AugsburgPeace of Augsburg► Catholic Holy Roman Catholic Holy Roman

Emperor allowed rulers Emperor allowed rulers to pick the religion of to pick the religion of their peopletheir people

► EnglandEngland – Anglican – Anglican (mix of Catholicism and (mix of Catholicism and ProtestantismProtestantism

► Northern EuropeNorthern Europe – – ProtestantismProtestantism

► Southern EuropeSouthern Europe – – CatholicismCatholicism

► Between 1500 – 1600 Between 1500 – 1600 Religious wars erupted Religious wars erupted and many died for their and many died for their beliefsbeliefs

Documents

The Spread of Protestantism and the Catholic Reformation