THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND NON-SCIENCE EDUCATION

8/7/2019 THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND NON-SCIENCE EDUCATION

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EDITA A. TAN


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Participation Rate

defined as the enrolment to population both

of the same relevant school age

ELEMENTARY 95%

HIGH SCHOOL 56%

COLLEGE 27%


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Since 1950s,

thenumbers leaving orgraduating

from high school andcollege > numbers

findingemployment

In 1997, theunemployment rateamong

those with:

ysomecollegeeducation 11.3%

y collegegraduates 8.3%


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Evidence on the poor quality of

education at every level

average ofabout 50% correct answers

forboth elementary and high schoolstudents in theirrespectivenational

achievement examinations

In the 1995 international mathematics

and science tests for13 yearolds, thePhilippines ranked 39th of the 42

participatingandreportingcountries


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Thereare only 7 universities that areconsidered to havemet international

standard (1995)

proportion ofcollegegraduates whopass various professional boardexamination ranges from 21.5% 69% (1985-1989)

In 1996 1997, only 0.9% ofcollegeenrollment was in the sciences and6.9% inmathematics andcomputerscience


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Number Percentage (%)

TeacherTraining 301,148 13.6

Fine Arts 10,922 0.5

Humanities 14,014 0.6

Business 775,335 34.9

Natural Sciences 20,031 0.9

Mathematical &ComputerScience 153,505 6.9

Engineering 305,843 13.8

Agriculture 71,228 3.2

General 107,351 4.8

Total 2,220,838 100.0

Numberof Tertiary

Institutions

1,316 100.0

Government 271 20.6

Private 1,045 79.4


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Education

has been largely determinedby marketforces

until the 1970s, theprivate sectorenrolledabout 90% ofcollege students

declined to 75% in 1998 due to theestablishment of stateuniversities andcolleges


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Research

DOST was only givenameager3.2% of

thenational budget and R&D was only

given 18.34% of the total DOST

expenditures.

Thebulk ofits budget went to the

administration with 20.3%, S&T services(e.g., PAGASA operations) with 20.2%

andS & T educationbudget with 35.6%


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Research Support

Universities obtain only 12.9% in 1989and 14.7% in 1992

Government organizations obtain thebulk of the support, 55.1% in 1989 and58.8% in 1992

Thebalancegoes to theprivateindustryandnon-government institutions


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R&D personnel to population

ratio

236.9 permillion

y 15.6 permillion Ph.D degrees

y 44.2 permillion masteral degrees

y 116.6 permillion bachelordegrees

y 60.5 permillion below bachelordegrees


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1989 1990 1991 1992

Total 1238.

2

% 1107.3 % 1130.2 % 1564.4 %

Agricultural

Science

371.1 30.0 394.4 35.6 444.8 39.4 498.0 31.8

Engineeringand

Technology

245.4 19.8 185.7 16.8 192.8 17.1 303.7 19.4

Humanities 15.1 1.2 15.6 1.4 17.2 1.5 30.0 1.9

Medical

Science

117.6 9.5 124.2 11.2 111.4 9.9 126.0 8.1

Natural

Science

225.3 18.2 217.3 19.6 231.7 20.5 313.1 20.0

Social

Science

216.4 17.5 159.6 14.4 122.0 10.8 230.9 14.8

Others 47.4 2.8 10.5 0.9 10.5 0.9 62.8 4.0

R&D EXPENDITURE by FIELD of ACTIVITY andby

SCIENCE


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SCIENCE and TECHNOLOGY PERFORMANCE as

INDICATED BY the NUMBER of ISI KOURNAL

PUBLICATIONCOUNTRY PUBLICATIONS

1981-1992

PUBLICATIONS

1994-1995

PUBLICATIONS

INCREASE

TAIWAN 1,728 5,221 202

SOUTH KOREA 1,047 4,255 301

SINGAPORE 524 1,270 142

THAILAND 419 574 37

MALAYSIA 314 483 47

INDONESIA 157 243 55

PHILIPPINES 209 224 7

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THE STATE OF PHILIPPINE SCIENCE AND NON-SCIENCE EDUCATION