The Struggle Over Foreign Policy

Chapter 6 Section 2

What is the name of the group that advises the president?

• The Cabinet

Who was chosen as the first Secretary of State?

• Thomas Jefferson

Who was chosen the first Secretary of War?

• Henry Knox

What product began being taxed that made farmers mad during Washington’s first term?

• WhiskeyWhy was the tax placed on whiskey?• To raise money to pay off the war debt

Why did political parties begin to develop?

• Disagreements over the size and power of government

HOW DID FOREIGN POLICY CHALLENGES AFFECT POLITICAL DEBATE AND SHAPE AMERICAN GOVERNMENT?

Focus:

1) The Ohio Valley

A) The British:• Britain gave America lots of territory west of

the Appalachian Mountains.• Didn’t move their forts• Supplied Native Americans with guns to fight

the Americans.

1) The Ohio Valley

B) The Tide Turns:• 1790-1794: The Native Americans, lead by war

chief Little Turtle are successful against the American forces.

• 1794: At the Battle of Fallen Timbers American troops lead by General Wayne won a decisive victory.

• The Native Americans had to accept his peace terms.

War Chief Little Turtle

General AnthonyWayne

1) The Ohio Valley

C) Outcomes:• The Treaty of Greenville: Native American leaders

gave most of Ohio to the U.S. Government. Why was the Battle of Fallen Timbers significant?• Showed that the U.S. Government was stronger

than groups of Native Americas.• American government could also sell the land to

settlers and make money

2) American Relations with Europe:

A) Responding to the French Revolution:• 1789: Americans were excited to hear about

the French Revolution:– Republican partners against the world of kings

• 1793: French Revolution starts to get bloody– Execute thousands of opponents– Declare war on Britain

2) American Relations with Europe:

B) Americans Divide:• Democratic Republicans didn’t like the

executions but still supported the new French Republic

• Federalists decided that the French revolutionaries are just chaotic people who want destroy religion and social order.

2) American Relations with Europe:

C) Trade:• 90% of Americas trade is with Britain• Federal government made most of its money

from these tariffs. • If America entered the conflict it would lose

the trade with Britain and the Federal government could go bankrupt.

Bankrupt:

2) American Relations with Europe:

D) Neutrality:• Both political parties knew America was too

weak to get involved• 1793: President Washington declares America

neutral– Becomes Americas foreign policy towards Europe

until the 20th century

2) American Relations with Europe:

E) Britain:• Britain responded by capturing American ships

trading with the French West Indies.– This adds to American anger towards the British

• 1974: To avoid war with Britain, Washington sent John Jay to London to negotiate a treaty.

2) American Relations with Europe:

E) Britain:• Jay’s Treaty of 1794: – Britain gave up most of their forts in America– Britain kept attacking American ships– America had to repay prewar debts

• Federalists favored the compromise

2) American Relations with Europe:

E) Britain:• Jay’s Treaty of 1794: – Britain gave up most of their forts in America– Britain kept attacking American ships– America had to repay war debts

• Federalists favored the compromise• Democratic Republicans thought it was a

sellout

2) American Relations with Europe:

F) Spain:• 1795: Spain was worried a British-American

treaty would threaten them• Americans got to ship down the Mississippi

River and through New Orleans• Set up the official boundary between Georgia

and Spanish owned Florida.

3) Washington’s Farewell:

• 1792: Reelected• 1796: Refuses to run again. – Set a precedent (Two terms) and proved he was

no king– Warns America not to have political parties, but to

favor political unity– Also, not to enter into “entangling alliances” that

might lead to war. • John Adams becomes the second president

4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy:

A) XYZ Affair:• The French began seizing American ships, because

they were mad the Americans had signed Jay’s Treaty.• President Adams sent diplomats to France to sign a

peace treaty, but the French terms were too high.• America becomes united in their dislike of France• Congress expands the army and builds a small navy

that is able to win a few battles with the French navy.

4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy:

B) The Alien and Sedition Acts:• Alien Act: Congress can deport citizens who

criticize the federal government.• Sedition Acts: Makes it a crime for citizens to

discredit the federal government.

Congress Fights Over the Sedition Act:

4) Parties Debate Foreign Policy:

C) The Election of 1800:• The Alien and Sedition Acts were extremely

unpopular.– John Adams and the Federal party were blamed

• Thomas Jefferson, a Democratic-Republican won the election becomes the third president.

• The transition of power, PEACEFULLY, from one party to another, is another important precedent in American government.

5) Homework!

• Finish your project!