The student will be able to…Identify the basic characteristics of organism, including prokaryotic or eukaryotic, unicellular or multicellular,

autotrophic or heterotrophic, and mode of reproduction, that further classify them in the currently recognized

Kingdoms.

Key Terms to KnowKey Terms to Know• UnicellularUnicellular – made up of – made up of one cell one cell (ex. bacteria) (ex. bacteria)• MulticellularMulticellular – made up of – made up of more than one cell more than one cell (ex. you)(ex. you)• ProkaryoteProkaryote – cells with an outside membrane only, the – cells with an outside membrane only, the

organelles inside do not have membranes, organelles inside do not have membranes, no nucleusno nucleus• EukaryoteEukaryote – – cells with cells with outside membranes and the outside membranes and the organelles organelles

inside have membranes; ex: nuclear membrane around the inside have membranes; ex: nuclear membrane around the nucleus nucleus (ex. Plants and animals) (ex. Plants and animals)

• AutotrophicAutotrophic – – makesmakes its its own food own food through the process of through the process of photosynthesis (ex. - plants)photosynthesis (ex. - plants)

• HeterotrophicHeterotrophic – – does not make its own fooddoes not make its own food; relies on ; relies on (eats/digest) others for food (ex.- you)(eats/digest) others for food (ex.- you)

• Modes of ReproductionModes of Reproduction– Asexual or Sexual Reproduction– Asexual or Sexual Reproduction

Write these Key Terms in your notes!!!! (words on left)

Here's a simple visual comparison between a

prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell:

Two Types of CellsWrite these on a foldable with 2 flaps or double bubble map

Prokaryotic Cells•No nucleus•No membrane-covered organelles•Circular DNA•Bacteria

Eukaryotic Cells•Nucleus•Membrane-covered organelles (example: nuclear membrane)•Linear DNA•All other cells

How they are the same: cytoplasm, ribosomes, DNADespite their differences they perform most of the same kinds of functions in the same way.

Classification Hierarchy

KingdomPhylum

ClassOrderFamilyGenusSpecies

DidKing PhilipComeOverFor Great Spagetti

All organisms

One type of organism

Domain

Title: Classification of Living Things(copy this page)

Did – Domain (3) Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

King – Kingdom (6) Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Protists, Fungus, Plants, Animals

Philip – Phylum

Come – Class

Over – Order

For – Family

Great – Genus

Spaghetti – Species

broadest

most specific

A B E

The 6 kingdoms of life are separated mainly by:

• How their cells are structured

• How organisms attain (get) the energy they need to survive

(Write these in your notes)

The Kingdom that the organism is assigned to is based on-

1. Cell type (presence of a nucleus/nuclear membrane) [prokaryotic or eukaryotic]

2. The number of cells in the body (unicellular or multicellular)3. Its ability to make food or not (autotrophic or heterotrophic)

Eukaryotic Prokaryotic

Single ormulti cell

Multi-cell

Liveeverywhere

Live in extremeconditions

Move – Cilia/flagella

Absorbed from decay

Autotrophic Heterotrophic

Protista Fungi Plantae Animalia Bacteria Archaea

ABE

6 Kingdoms6 KingdomsUse the information on the next several slides to complete the chart

Monera has been divided Monera has been divided into 2 kingdomsinto 2 kingdoms

• Archaea Archaea (Archaebacteria(Archaebacteria))

• EubacteriaEubacteriaBoth are prokaryotic – Both are prokaryotic –

which means the only which means the only membrane is on the membrane is on the outside, the organelles outside, the organelles inside don’t have outer inside don’t have outer wallswalls

Archaea or Archaebacteria• Prokaryotic (no nuclear membrane)• Unicellular • Both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic • Oldest living organisms on Earth• Use flagella to move• found in very harsh conditions (such as at the bottom of

the sea or in volcanic vents) • Example: halobacteria

                    

          

                    

          

       

           

          

EubacteriaEubacteria• ProkaryoticProkaryotic• UnicellularUnicellular• Both Autotrophic and HeterotrophicBoth Autotrophic and Heterotrophic• More complex and common than the archaeaMore complex and common than the archaea• It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about It is the eubacteria that most people are talking about

when they say bacteria, because they live in more when they say bacteria, because they live in more neutral conditions. neutral conditions.

• Use flagella to moveUse flagella to move• They can be found everywhere around us – in our They can be found everywhere around us – in our

bodies, our food, etc.bodies, our food, etc. • Bacteria like strepBacteria like strep

ProtistaProtista• Eukaryotic – the organelles, like the

nucleus, have membranes• Unicellular• Both Autotrophic and Heterotrophic• Have nucleus and other cell

structures• Use cilia, flagella or pseudopod to

move • Examples: algae, amoeba

FungiFungi• EukaryoticEukaryotic• Multi-cellular (many cells)Multi-cellular (many cells)• HeterotrophicHeterotrophic• Cannot moveCannot move• Absorb nutrients from other Absorb nutrients from other

organismsorganisms• Examples: mushrooms, Examples: mushrooms,

yeast, moldsyeast, molds

PlantaePlantae• Multi-cellularMulti-cellular• EukaryoticEukaryotic• AutotrophicAutotrophic• Cannot moveCannot move• Use energy from the Use energy from the

sun to make sugarssun to make sugars• Examples: trees, Examples: trees,

flowers, fernsflowers, ferns

AnimaliaAnimalia• EukaryoticEukaryotic• Multi-cellularMulti-cellular• HeterotrophicHeterotrophic• Most can moveMost can move• Get energy by consuming Get energy by consuming

other organismsother organisms• Examples: invertebrates, Examples: invertebrates,

fish, birds, mammalsfish, birds, mammals

Recap

• The Bacteria kingdom is made up of prokaryotic organisms.

• This means that their cells lack the structure that eukaryotic cells (our cells for example) have, such as a nucleus and mitochondria.

• All the other kingdoms consist of eukaryotic organisms that do have structure to their cells.

The differences between these eukaryotic kingdoms (fungi, plants, and animals) are based on how they

aquire energy to live.• Plants make their own energy from sunlight by

using photosynthesis. (autotrophic)• Animals and fungi are very similar in that they must

ingest other organisms in order to get the energy they need (heterotrophic)

• The main differences are that: animals are mobile and eat food fungi are immobile and absorb their food

(write these in your notes)

The protist kingdom, though also eukaryotic, has little rhyme or reason to it. It consists of mostly single-celled organisms that don't really fit in any of the other kingdoms at all.

Which is a picture of a Plant?Which is a picture of a Plant?

NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of a Protist?Which is a picture of a Protist?

NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of an Animal?Which is a picture of an Animal?

NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of an Eubacteria?Which is a picture of an Eubacteria?

NEXT QUESTION

Which is a picture of a Fungus?Which is a picture of a Fungus?

FINISHED

Characteristics Organism A Organism B

Number of Cells Multicellular Unicellular

Type of Nutrition Autotrophic Heterotrophic

Nuclear membrane Present Absent

DNA Present Present

Based on the information in the chart, which organism belongs to the Kingdom Eubacteria?

1. Stigma – (F) sticky top2. Style – (F) slender stalk3. Pistil – tube grown out of

ovary – pollen goes in to4. Petal – attracts insects5. Ovary – Female part -

makes ovules6. Ovule – (F) holds eggs7. Sepal –

protection/support8. Filament – (M) stalk 9. Stamen – (M) produces

pollen that contains sperm cells

10. Anther – (M) pollen sac11. Pollen grains – contain

sperm cellsPollination occurs whenpollen lands on a pistil,sperm cells move downthrough the ovary,fertilizing the egg cells.

Parts of a Flower

39

6

5

11.