Industrialization of the United States

•The Triumph of Industry•Immigration & Urbanization

•The South & West Transformed•Issues of the Gilded Age

Immigration and Urbanization1865-1914

The New Immigrants

“new” immigrant Steerage Ellis Island Angel Island Americanization “melting pot” Nativism Chinese Exclusion Act

Key Terms

Southeastern Europe◦ Italy, Poland, Bulgaria, Etc.

Had a much harder time assimilating than the “old immigrants”◦ No English◦ No money◦ No skills◦ No desire to assimilate

New Immigrants in America

Reasons why you LEAVE Bad economies Religious Persecution Wars Political Revolutions

Push Factors

Pull Factors Reason you want to move to a place America’s Pull factors

◦ Land◦ Plenty of work◦ Family or friends already there◦ Religious/Political freedom

The Journey◦ Need money for a ticket and to start a life◦ Only brought what you could carry◦ Even trip to the ship to leave could be dangerous◦ Most traveled in steerage

Crowded and dirty Many caught diseases

The Immigrant Experience

American Ports of Entry

Ellis Island Angel Island

Located in NYC European immigrants Medical & legal

inspections Most immigrants were

passed on Quickly processed

Located in San Fransisco

Asian immigrants Designed to filter out

Chinese immigrants Could be held here for

weeks

Ellis Island

Angel Island

Blending into a culture Most immigrants settled in the cities

◦ Close to jobs in factories Settled in ethnic neighborhoods called

ghettos Surrounded by people who spoke their native

language and had their same customs Discouraged many from assimilating into the

“American” culture

Assimilating

Programs to help immigrants learn ◦ English◦ American dress◦ Diet

“Melting Pot”◦ Blending together of white people of different

nationalities◦ Excluded Asians

Americanization

Nativism◦ Belief that native born Americans are superior to

immigrants Competition for housing and jobs fueled

resentment◦ Immigrants were believed to work for lower pay

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882◦ Prohibited immigration by Chinese laborers◦ Limited civil rights of those already in U.S. ◦ Forbade naturalization of Chinese residents*perceived threat that they would steal jobs from

whites

Hostility

Worked on RR, factories, and mines Joined political parties and unions Contributed pieces of their culture

◦ Became part of American culture

Immigrants Change America

Cities Expand and Change

Urbanization Rural-to-Urban migrant Skyscraper Elisha Otis Mass transit Suburb Frederick Law Olmstead tenement

Key Terms

Urbanization◦ The number of cities and people living in them

increased dramatically Advantages of Cities

◦ RR connected here◦ Offered jobs in factories and service industry◦ Women’s opportunities

Factory work, sewing, domestic servants, teachers, etc

◦ Entertainment◦ Access to education for children

A Nation of Cities

Map of Early Major Cities

Rural-to-Urban (Farm to city)

Advantages Disadvantages

steady paycheck Variety of city life

no slow season Dark, confined space

to work Rigid schedule Job availability

◦ African Americans begin to migrate to avoid sharecropping

Skyscrapers◦ Changed the landscape◦ Conserved land space◦ Elevator: Elisha Otis

Mass Transit◦ Transportation system that carried large numbers

of people fairly inexpensively◦ Street cars, trolleys◦ Urban Sprawl

People were able to move out of the crowded city into suburbs

Technology

Housing◦ Tenements: small, multi family apartments◦ Dangerous, unsanitary◦ Fires swept through neighborhoods

Crime rates high Unsanitary street conditions

◦ Waste in the streets led to unsafe drinking water

Living Conditions

Social and Cultural Trends

The Gilded Age

Mark Twain Gilded Age Conspicuous Consumerism Mass Culture Joseph Pulitzer William Randolph Hearst Horatio Alger Vaudeville

Key Terms

Mark Twain coins the term American society has a “rotten core with a

gold covering”

The Gilded Age

More people working for wages◦ They had cash to spend◦ More products available than before

Became Conspicuous Consumers◦ People wanted and bought new products on market

Advertising◦ Newspaper ads to attract customers to Department

Stores◦ Mail-Order Catalogs

Made products available country-wide Higher Standard of Living

Americans become Consumers

Consumption patterns across nation were alike

Newspapers◦ Joseph Pulitzer & William Randolph Hearst

Literature Education

◦ Children across the country were taking the same courses

Mass Culture

Amusement Parks Outdoor events

◦ The Wild West shows Religious-inspired shows Vaudeville Shows Motion Pictures Spectator Sports

◦ Like baseball

Entertainment