The United States Enters the WarThe United States Enters the War

Assignment

• Page 757: A

• Page 760: C, D

• Page 763: #1 (Lend-Lease Act, Hideki Tojo)

I. The IsolationistsA. America First Committee - peaked at 800,000

members including Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh

Lindbergh giving a speech

II. The Arsenal of Democracythe U.S. of A. – baby!

FDR knew we had to help Britain and the USSR, AND the U.S. had to get ready for war.

A. Began a military build-up

Others knew we had to do something

We were WAY behind

• Our Century, part 4, 52:35 – 55:32 to show what we were up against

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uBWQUG9S-g4&feature=related – 10:52 – 13:47

Keeping West Coast plants secret

Lockheed airplane plant, Burbank, CA, before and . . .

after – made it look like a housing division

III. German attacks

• A. Germans began attacking American ships

• B. Roosevelt ordered American ships to shoot at them

IV. Mobilizing Troops A. 5 million volunteered, B. Minorities volunteered in large numbers

C. Expansion of the Military• 1. Women’s Army Corps (WAC’s)—

• women worked as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators--anything that did not involve combat

2. Navajo (Dine) Code Talkers

B. Expansion of the Military (cont’d)

• 3. Air Force est. in 1941,

• Army Air Corps remained in place until 1947

V. Atlantic Charter• A. Secret meeting between Churchill and

Roosevelt – Aug. 1941 off the coast of Newfoundland

• B. Set 9 principles for fighting the war, including:

• 1. Neither Britain nor the U.S. would gain land

• 2. All people had the right to self-determination

• 3. Freedom of the seas

• 4. Freedom from want and fear

• 5. Disarmament of aggressor nations, and postwar disarmament for all

• 6. Defeat of Germany and other Axis countries

Churchill’s edited copy of the Atlantic Charter

A. Japan attacked the United States

• 1. U.S. knew a Dec. 7 attack was planned• a. U.S. and Dutch had broken the code –

but we didn’t know where the attack was going to take place

• 2. U.S. thought the attack would be either in the Philippines or in the form of sabotage at Pearl Harbor

• 3. The U.S. thought the Japanese pilots had bad eyesight and we would be able to crush any attack

Route of Japanese Fleet

Japanese planes ready to leave their carrier to attack Pearl Harbor

Japanese photo of the beginning of the attack

Another Japanese photo of the attack

USS Shaw exploding Was fixed within a few months and ended up being in 11 battles

• B. 2 waves of 180 planes each (7 planes didn’t make it)

• Japan had 5 mini subs that were to torpedo ships – none did and nearly all men died.

• C. Japanese planned a third attack – to take out the stored fuel but didn’t – mainly because the Americans were shooting down their planes

D. Damages

1. 19 ships sunk or disabled, 170 planes lost and 2,403 dead (military and civilian),1,178 were wounded.

• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3VqQAf74fsE

FDR signing the declaration of war against Japan Dec. 8, 1941

“I fear that we have awoken a sleeping giant and filled him with

resolve.”Japanese Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

another quote

• "Before we're through with them, the Japanese language will be spoken only in Hell."

• Admiral Bull Halsey

This is probably a swell time to watch a movie!

Attack: What points are made to “fire up” the American people to avenge the attack?

WW II Memorial in WW II Memorial in Washington, DCWashington, DC

WW II Memorial in WW II Memorial in Washington, DCWashington, DC

Dedicated on April 29, 2004Dedicated on April 29, 2004

Ginormous assignment!!• You will (with your partner, if you have one) write

articles about the War in Europe. Use pages 775-783. For each of the following, you will need an Interesting, Fact-filled article. For the battle articles, you will need BATTLE DETAILS!!!! For ALL of them, you will need information on why it matters!!!!! QUOTES ARE NEEDED.

• GET THEM CHECKED AS YOU GO. DON’T GET BEHIND. DON’T “SPLIT THEM UP” – IT WILL MESS UP THE ENTIRE THING

• Use pages 775-783• Write newspaper articles about each of the following:

– U.S. and Britain join forces (also include the plan for fighting the war)

– The Battle of the Atlantic– North Africa– Italian Campaign– D-Day– Battle of the Bulge– Liberation of Death Camps– Surrender– Roosevelt’s Death

RationingRationed Items Rationing Duration

Tires Cars Bicycles Gasoline Fuel Oil & Kerosene Solid Fuels Stoves

January 1942 to December 1945 February 1942 to October 1945 July 1942 to September 1945 May 1942 to August 1945 October 1942 to August 1945 September 1943 to August 1945 December 1942 to August 1945

Rubber Footwear Shoes

October 1942 to September 1945 February 1943 to October 1945

Sugar Coffee Processed Foods Meats, canned fish Cheese, canned milk, fats

May 1942 to 1947 November 1942 to July 1943 March 1943 to August 1945 March 1943 to November 1945 March 1943 to November 1945

Typewriters March 1942 to April 1944

Switch to WWII in the Pacific powerpoint

Audie Murphy

• When Audie Murphy applied to the Marines in 1942 at the tender age of 16, he was 5'5" and weighed 110 pounds. They laughed in his face. So he applied to the Air Force, and they also laughed in his face. Then he applied for the Army, and they figured they could always use another grunt to absorb gunfire, so they let him in. He wasn't particularly good at it, and they actually tried to get him transferred to be a cook after he passed out halfway through training. He insisted that he wanted to fight though, so they sent him into the maelstrom.

• During the invasion of Italy he was promoted to corporal for his awesome shooting skills, and at the same time contracted malaria, which he had for almost the entire war. Try to remember that.

• He was sent into southern France in 1944. He encountered a German machine gun crew who pretended they were surrendering, then shot his best buddy. Murphy completely hulked out, killed everyone in the gun nest, then used their weaponry to kill every baddie in a 100-yard radius, including two more machine gun nests and a bunch of snipers. They gave him a Distiguished Service Cross, and made him platoon commander while everyone apologized profusely for calling him "Shorty."

• About half a year later, his company was given the job of defending the Colmar Pocket, a critical region in France, even though all they had left was 19 guys (out of the original 128) and a couple of M-10 Tank Destroyers.

• The Germans showed up with a lot of guys and half a dozen tanks. Since reinforcements weren't coming for a while, Murphy and his men hid in a trench and sent the M-10s to go do the heavy lifting. They got ripped to shreds.

• Then, this five-and-a-half-foot-tall kid with malaria ran up to one of the crippled M-10s, hopped in behind the .50 cal machine gun, and started killing everything in sight. Understand that the M-10 was on fire, had a full tank of gas and was basically a death-trap.

• He kept going for almost an hour until he was out of bullets, then walked back to his bewildered men as the M-10 exploded in the background Mad Max style. They gave him literally every medal they could (33 in all, although he had doubles of a few, plus five from France and one from Belgium), including the Medal of Honor.

• After the war, he came down with Shell-Shock, and was prescribed the antidepressant placidyl. When he became addicted to the drug, rather than enter a program like some kind of sissy, he went cold-turkey, locked himself in a motel room for a week and got over it. He wrote an autobiography entitled To Hell and Back, and later became an actor.

• When some Hollywood producer wanted to make a movie based on Murphy's autobiography, he was determined to have Murphy play himself in the film. Murphy was afraid people would see the complete insane awesomeness the story had to offer, and think he was embellishing or trying to cash in on his fame, so he actually had them take parts out for fear that they wouldn't be believable to a Hollywood audience. Seriously.