T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November, 1944

Veganism is a way of living which excludes all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, the animal kingdom, and includes a reverence and com-passion for all life. It applies to the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, animal milk and its derivatives, and encourages the use of alternatives for all commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Veganism remembers man's responsibilities to the earth and its resources and seeks to bring about a healthy soil and plant kingdom and a proper use of the materials of the earth.

President: Dr. FREY E L L I S , ey. Deputy-President: Mrs. E. B. SHRIGLEY, Old Coulsdon,

Surrey. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. MURIEL DRAKE, Dr. CATHERINE NIMMO, Miss

MABEL SIMMONS, Miss WINIFRED SIMMONS, Mrs. EVA BATT, Mr. JACK SANDERSON, B.SC.

Secretary : Mrs. LOUISE DAVIS, London, S . E . 1 2 . Treas SM (to whom all subscriptions should be sent),

, Southgate, London, N.14. PALmers Green 6408.

Librarian : Mr. W . H. C . WRIGHT, B.SC., Enfield, Middlesex.

Committee: M r . E . T . BANKS, M r s . E . BATT, M r . H . T . BONNIE, M r s . S. C O L E S , Dr. FREY ELLIS , Mr. J . HOPKINS, Miss T . C . LARKIN, A.T.C.L., M r . M . MCCULLOCH, M r . J . SANDERSON, B.SC., M r s . E . B. SHRIGLEY, M r s . G . SMITH, M r . W . H . C . WRIGHT, B.SC.

Minimum subscription, which includes " The Vegan ", 15s. per annum (and 7s. 6d. for each additional member of one family at same residence); 7s. 6d. if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £10 10s. Od.

THE VEGAN JOURNAL OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY

Please send articles and letters for publication to 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex.

Editorial Board: Mrs. EVA BATT, Mrs. SERENA COLES, Dr. FREY ELLIS. Editorial Adviser : Mr. JACK SANDERSON, B.SC. Vegan ution Secretary : Miss THELMA LARKIN, A.T.C.L.,

West Horndon, Brentwood, Essex. Advertisements : H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London,

S.E.22. Rates: Whole page—£10 0s. 0d.; Half page- £6 0s Od.; Quarter page—£3 10s. Od.

Published quarterly: Annual Subscription, 10s.; single copies, 2s. 6d. plus postage. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary.

LITERATURE " The Reasons for Veganism." 4 page leaflet. 3d. S.A.E. only. " Vegan Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. Is. 3d. post free. " A Handbook of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. 2s. 9d

post free. " Unnecessary Cruelties among Farm Animals." 8 page leaflet. 6d.

post free. " The Vegetarian and Vegan Food Guide." 2s. 6d. post free. ** Vegans and Vivisection." 8 page leaflet. 6d. post free. All obtainable from the Hon. Secretary. (Cheques and postal orders made

out to " The Vegan Society ").

THE V E G A N Journal of the Vegan Society

SUMMER, 1967

EDITORIAL TORTOISES AS PETS

The sad fate of imported tortoises has again made news. On April 19th the Daily Mail reported another case of cruel over-crowding, neglect and exposure suffered by a shipment of thousands of tortoises from Casablanca to London. For eleven days these creatures were " deck cargo" on a Dutch ship. Packed sixty to a fifteen-inch high basket, forty of those rescued from the dockside by the R.S.P.C.A. were suffocated on arrival, and hundreds more were not expected to live due to over-crowding, hunger, thirst and exposure.

The manager of the animal hostel at Heathrow Airport, where 6,240 of them were fed and watered after rescue, said: " The way they were packed was mediaeval, but those that get back on their feet here won't have much chance. This time next year about \ per cent, will still be alive."

An official of the R.S.P.C.A. explained: " These pets are simply wild animals sent to a completely alien climate. An awful lot die when they're rounded up and more in transit. Of the rest, a high proportion die in their first winter."

Is there anything we can do about it? Of course there is, if we really want to help bring in legislation

to control, or better still to stop, the traffic. Write to your local paper, to the national Press, and especially write to your M.P. urging all to support the R.S.P.C.A. and others in their attempts to ban this practice.

Explain to nephews and nieces who may want a pet tortoise that, out of those which do not die in transit but manage to reach the pet shop or street trader in this country alive, not more than one in 200 will live through the winter.

Tortoises are used to a very different climate and few get suitable food. Some people even imagine; that they can " forage for themselves " and require neither water, nor shelter.

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The R.S.P.C.A. tells us that this trade (importing tortoises) reaches nearly 250,000 a year. " We want legislation to forbid it totally. Trade in exotic pets—tortoises are the biggest example —should lie heavily on people's consciences."

So, if you have not already done so, write today to your M.P. and remember every time we intend to write and fail to do so, we are guilty of complicity in whatever injustice happens to be in our mind at the time. E.B.

ESTABLISHING THE FACTS Dr. Ellis informs us. that the Lawson Tait Memorial Trust

have donated a grant to enable him to investigate the incidence of disease in vegetarians and vegans and a control group of omnivores. So far there has been no accurate information available regarding the relative affect of these diets, taken over a long period, on the general health. It is hoped that the results obtained from this research will establish a more objective viewpoint on this matter.

A VEGAN SINCE 1944 It is sometimes interesting to reflect back to the days when

the Vegan Society first began and to look around us to see who is still, playing an active part in the out-working of the idealists who first brought the society into being. Such a one is Sally Shrigley, who is still a member of our committee and is deputy president.

Sally was born in London and, until her marriage to Walter Shrigley, she lived with her parents at Hampstead. They were Scandinavian and, apart from her sister, she did not have any other relatives in England. She has happy memories of having tea with sometimes as many as twelve different nationalities at her home, and it is therefore not surprising that she does not like the word " foreigner." As a child, there were many wonder-ful holidays spent in Denmark, with which language she is quite fluent.

Information regarding her activities has had to be gathered by degrees, and we are indebted to her husband for recalling some of these. He is a recently-retired dentist and tells us that she was very much appreciated by his patients in the surgery where she acted as his receptionist.

Her interests in life have been very varied and began with her training at the Chelsea College of Physical Training. She is also the possessor of first-aid and life-saving certificates. During the 1920's she acted as Honorary Society Secretary to the Hampstead Labour Party, but her real target was for music, and she gained her L.R.A.M. before her marriage and taught the

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piano at Ilford from 1932 to 1939, during which time she was Honorary Secretary of the Ilford Music Circle and gave several lecture recitals.

Sally was living in Purley when the Second World War broke out and she became the leader of her street (which was a busy main road) for the Fire Guard Service. I understand that her efficiency of control astounded some of the London folk during an exercise.

At this time she kept up her musical interests by joining the Purley Music Circle and lectured for the Workers' Educational Association on Musical Appreciation, often ignoring air raids in order to keep her appointments. From 1940 until 1958 she was Honorary Secretary of the Croydon Vegetarian Society when it joined with the Caterham and District Vegetarian Society, since when she has continued as Honorary Secretary for the East Surrey Vegetarian Society. Even the London Vegetarian Society called upon her services for three months before the appointment of their present secretary, when she was joint acting secretary. At the outbreak of the war she was in a mobile unit

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at Swiss Cottage, where she kept the nurses cheerful and fit by giving them Health and Beauty jerks.

It is Sally's firm conviction that interests, other than food, help to broaden one's view, and it is therefore not surprising to find that she holds a diploma for sociology and is now on her fourth year of study for a History of Music Diploma. We shall probably hear more of this at a later date.

Meanwhile, we take this opportunity of wishing her every success with her final examination. The continuity of her com-mittee work has proved most helpful over the years to those who do not know so much about the past and we would like to take this moment in which to thank her for her work on our behalf.

She has reminded us that the Vegan Society was formed because of correspondence in The Vegetarian Messenger of Leslie Cross, who inspired her to become a non-dairy vegetarian. He it was who also inspired the formation of the Plantmilk Society. But that is another story. S.N.C.

FUTURE MEETINGS Sunday, June 11th, 3 p.m. A Gard

our members, Mr. and Mrs. Fugeman, London, S.E.13 (Lewisham). In aid of the British Union for the Abolition of Vivisection. This will commemorate the opening of the South East London Branch. Vegan literature and refresh-ments and a small display of " ViVa " shoes. Sorry the notice is so short, but we hope to see some of you there.

Sunday, June 18th, 2.30 p.m., at the home of Drs. Gordon and Barbara Latto, at 5 Derby Road, Caversham, near Reading, Berks., by kind invitation, the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre A.G.M. and Garden Party. All are welcomed and arrangements have been made indoors should the weather be unkind- An excellent opportunity to relax among friends, meet new ones—and enjoy some vegan refreshments. We are look-ing forward to seeing a good number of vegans there. Directions for reaching Derby Road can be had from Dr. Frank Wokes, the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre, 1 Ellwood Gardens, Garston, Watford, Herts.

Beauty Without Cruelty Garden Party, at the new Animal Sanctuary on Sunday, July 16th. The address is: Shangri-la, Duckylls Park, West Hoathly, Sussex, home of Mr. and Mrs. Le Fevre. For rite to the organiser, Mrs. Midderigh, Brighton 6. (Mrs. Batt and Mrs. Coles will be in charge of the vegan teas, as last year.)

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On Thursday, August 3rd, our Hon. Librarian and Committee member Mr. W. H. C. Wright will speak to the members of the Southampton and '''District" Vegetarian' Society On "Vegan Children and Natural Health ". He can certainly speak with authority (he is a Naturopath and Osteopath) and from personal experience. Like other parents we have met, he finds the most difficult part of bringing up vegan children is keeping pace with their energetic activities!

Further details from the Secretary of the Sou a y, Mr. J. N. Fallon,

Southampton. Or from Mr. Wright at , Enfield, Middlesex.

10th Anniversary Convention of the British Natural Hygiene Society, 1957 - 1967. This is to be held in London on the week-end of August 18th, 19th and 20th. The theme is " Health, Harmony, Happiness . . . Through Natural Hygiene."

All sessions will be open to the public. Talks, food display, film show, refreshments, a social and a Brains Trust are some of the features of this event.

The L'ady Dowding will open the Convention, and speakers from the U.S.A. will be participating. Speakers include Dr. Wm. L. Esser, Mr. Keki Sidhwa, N.D., D.O., Dr. Virginia Vetrano, Mr. H. Jay Dinshah, President of the American Vegan Society, Mrs. Stella Lief, N.D., and Mr. George Hall, N.D., D.O.

The first two days of the Convention will be at the Methodist Central Halls, Westminster. Friday, one session in the evening at 7 p.m. Saturday, two sessions at 1.30 and 6.30 p.m. Sunday sessions will be at the Cora Hotel, Upper Woburn Place, also at 1.30 and 6.30 p.m.

Each session will be 10/-, or 45/- for a special ticket for all five sessions.

ails write to Mr. K. R. Sidhwa, Bedford, enclosing a stamped addressed

envelope, please.

Saturday, November 11th. Vegan Society A.G.M. at the Parish Hall of St. Olave's, Hart Street, Mark Lane, London, E.C.3. Fuller details will be in the Autumn issue of the Vegan.

The Animals' Fair, November 24th and 25th, at the Royal Horticultural Hall, London, S.W.I. The response to our appeal for helpers in the Winter issue of the magazine was a consider-able number of letters from members urging us to continue with our stall at the Animals' Fair, but only one offer of help! How-ever, with our usual optimism, we are going ahead with the arrangements and keeping our fingers crossed. Surely there are a couple more people in London who would like to take this opportunity to spread the word! Please write to the secretary as soon as possible. "

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THE MAY MEETINGS, 1967 The London and Manchester Vegetarian Societies held their

May Meetings in Birmingham this year at the Imperial Centre Hotel on the 6th, 7th and 8th of May, and those who were able to meet on the Friday evening for a committee meeting, did so-

Part of the Saturday morning was spent visiting the Prana Restaurant and meeting the manager where Mrs. Kathleen Long was able to discuss the " Beauty Without Cruelty " preparations and I spoke mainly of vegan margarine and the journal. There was also an Arts and Crafts department attached to the restaurant and it was pleasant to sit in a tastefully decorated atmosphere to discuss the things nearest tcv pur desires and we returned to the hotel with the feeling that the personal touch had been well worth while.

There followed a frantic rush to prepare the stalls for the dis-play of the " Beauty Without Cruelty " cosmetics and the Viva Corfam shoes were also there. The exhibition room was full for display of the synthetic coats and it was a pleasure to see The Lady Dowding there to open the show and to see the beautiful cloaJc of synthetic fur that she herself was wearing which could be used for day or evening wear.

During the evening about 170 sat down to the Annual Dinner which was, I think, one of the best prepared vegetarian meals I have seen. I cannot help but think that the water ice cream was laid on especially for vegans—in any case they greatly appre-ciated it. Unfortunately, we had to refuse the protein dish and hotels have still not been educated to place even nuts and raisins on the table for us but we feel sure that this will all come one of these days even as we hope to see cashew nut butter or vegan margarine on the table in the very near future and—who knows— even some plantmilk or Granogen. With so many vegans in the B.V.Y.M. this will become a growing necessity. For those of us who have known the vegan way of life without these luxuries it is not such a pressing need but it is gratefully accepted when pro-vided for us.

It was indeed a pleasant evening when old acquaintances were renewed and we were able to laugh at Dr. Gordon Latto's amusing stories. (How does he remember them all?). Music from an Indian lady and a young English folk singer ended a long but enjoyable day.

At 10 a.m. on Sunday morning the delegates met to report the recommendations of their various committees on the desira-bility or otherwise of the unification of the North and the South Vegetarian Societies. Much work has been done by the Unification Committee and it is greatly to be congratu-lated for the manner in which it gave its report. The majority of the delegates from the associated societies were all agreed 6

that their committees were in favour of unification although there had not been time , to discuss the report of the .Unification Committee with their members. The main concern of most of the branch societies appeared to be the necessity for a new membership charge but I have no doubt from the discussion that followed, that the Unification Committee will now be able to go forward and find a solution , to this problem. All agreed, that, in the interests of both national and international vegetarians, a unified society will carry more weight with government bodies and, as your delegate, remarked, it is hoped that one day the unified vegetarian society will want to become part of the Vegan Society! So much has happened in the past, twenty-two years that it is not too much to hope for this to come true.

We would like to take this opportunity of thanking our friends in Birmingham for their work in organising this year's May Meetings and we look forward to the day when all the vegetarians will be united in every way and help to release the creatures from the exploitation of man. S . N . C O L E S .

Once again we have to thank Serena Coles for spending part of her annual holiday in Birmingham as the representative of the Vegan Society at the Vegetarian Convention last month, and for sending us this interesting report.

It is a great pity we could not all have heard her speak, although short and entirely " off the cuff " we have been told that her talk was informative, forceful and inspiring.—ED.

R E L A T I O N O F S O I L T O F O O D

" Sick soils mean sick plants, sick animals and sick people. Physical, mental and moral fitness depends largely upon an ample supply and proper proportion of minerals in our food. Nerve function, nerve stability, nerve cell-building likewise depend thereon.

" Minerals are vital to human metabolism .and heatlh, and no plant or animal can appropriate to itself any mineral not present in the soil upon which it feeds," wrote Charles Northern, M.D., a New York City specialist who gave up his practice to study soil.

He was the first to assert that we must make soil building the basis of food building in order to accomplish human building.

—Herald of Health, U.S.A.

The "Hunt Saboteurs " led by Dave Wetton were in action on Saturday, April 1st, against the Hambledon Hunt at Carhamp-ton Down 12, Hampshire. The laying of .false trails and the generally upsetting of the hunt took place, the saboteurs, helped at least two foxes to escape the hounds.

Anyone wishing to join please contact: Gill Lambert, c /o Dave Wetton, 10 Fieldview, Earlsfield, S.W.18.

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HANDS ACROSS THE CURTAIN You will remember , an appeal in The Vegan some time ago

for sponsors for a few isolated vegans living behind the Iron Curtain, who, by reason of the fact that they may not send money out of the country, were unable to apply for membership in the usual way-

Sufficient kind-hearted people came forward and each one undertook to pay the cost of sending the magazine to one of these " honorary " members. This scheme has been runnning smooth (well, fairly smoothly—the magazines do not always arrive at their destination) for a couple of years.

We have now had a letter from Mr. Vladimar Filip, of Czechoslovakia, who, after thanking his

Good Fairy for the magazines, goes on to say that: " It has influenced my way of thinking very deeply and I have become a strong enthusiast of your way of life. But it does make me feel envious at times. Not envious of your form of government, higher wages, and higher standard of living altogether, but what I envy you are those kinds of vegetarian and vegan products which are now available to you and which enable you to put the vegan ideals into daily practice.

" The credit for this favourable situation belongs to all your active members and to those food producers who meet your demands. Maybe many vegans and vegetarians in your country take these things for granted, but less fortunate people like myself feel it is a great achievement which many enthusiasts from abroad envy you.

" My personal endeavour to live in accordance with vegan ideals has not been very successful. All kinds of vegetables and fruit are in short supply and very expensive. We have no alternatives to 'butter and milk. All those friends who, full of good intentions, tried to follow a pure vegetarian diet have been compelled to return to non-vegetarian diet. It is sad. I try to do my best which means that I do not eat meat or meat-products.

" It is my great wish to be able to visit your country and stay for a few days where I can have a real vegan diet, and stay for a while among people who live according to vegan ideals. In the past years it was something unthinkable because Czechoslovak citizens were not allowed to travel to western countries, to which England belongs. After the end of the " cold war " in the world better mutual understanding between East and West influenced also the inner living conditions in our East European countries for the better. The increasing democratization of our society, which is noticeable almost everywhere, is being accepted by all people with satisfaction. One of the renewed democratic

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features is the reality that Czechoslovak citizens are now allowed to travel again abroad. .

" T o other Eastern European countries we may-travel with- . out any limitation, but travelling to Western countries is con-nected with certain conditions. We may travel there only upon the basis of an ' invitation letter.' This means that a Czechoslovak citizen has to ask first his friend abroad for an invitation letter, in which this person has to declare that he will cover all the expenses connected with the stay. This letter is an indispens-able part of the application form for the issue of a passport. This requirement is being justified by the fact that our banks do not have sufficient quantity of foreign currency and that our. money (Czechoslovak crowns or Kvcs) are not exchangeable in Western countries. Although it is rather complicated, we are thankful for it, because after many years of isolation we have at last a chance to see the world, compare the way of living in different countries to that in our own, and perhaps help to strengthen friendship and good will among nations.

. " Now for the first time I may have a chance to make true my sincere wish but I do not know an English lady or gentle-man. If you know a vegan family who would accept me for about ten days during summer or autumn months I shall be very happy to offer such a member the same hospitality in my home where I would also cover all expenses of course.

" My best regards to all the members of the Vegan Society. Yours sincerely,

VLADIMIR F I L I P . "

Mr. Filip is thirty seven and married. If any of our readers are interested in an exchange holiday with an Eastern European gentleman, or would be able to help Vladimir in any way, please write to him directly. By airmail as it takes at least six weeks to get the necessary papers from the time he receives his " invi-tation." He will certainly be very glad to hear from any of those lucky vegans in Western Europe.

With the easing of restrictions it is possible that we may get more letters of this kind and we may decide to start a fund whereby the cost of sponsoring could be shared by sympathetic members who would not be able, for one. reason or another, to accommodate a visitor. Let us know how you feel about this or, if you like the idea, just send your contribution to Mrs. Smith or myself, and we will go' ahead. . Under this scheme we could arrange accommodation with a vegan guest house as and when necessary.' Vladimir Filip may be the first of many to help to spreaid the ideals of veganism far and wide, by taking back news and views and also by encouraging would-be vegans to make another determined attempt to establish veganism in their own country. . EVA BATT.

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FROM CHINA WITH LOVE B y B. G O U L S T O N E , F.C.A.,

General Manager, Granose Food Limited. . .

Throughout the history of mankind there have always been men and women whose major preoccupation in life has been the well-being of those less fortunate.than themselves. -One such man was Harry Willis Miller, veteran. Seventh-Day Adventist medical missionary of whom Clarence Hall, Senior Editor , of Readers' Digest, wrote: " I t is not too much to say.that the whole thrilling history of missionary enterprise during the past 100. years has produced few more towering figures than Dr. Harry W. Miller ; . . . a modern-day pioneer whose imaginative use of medicine has touched millions with the magic of new hope and health."

At first sight Harry Miller does little to convey the impression of a second Livingstone. More evident is the rugged determina-tion of the farm boy from Ohio who at nineteen, sold religious books from door-to-door to provide funds to see him through medical school. Frugality of living at this stage stood him in good stead for the. experiences he was later to encounter. Little did he realize, when he left his homeland in 1913 with his young wife, the enormity of the work he was to undertake in the years which were to follow. Many sacrifices were required of this surgeon during his Far Eastern service as he travelled deep into the hinterland of China, ministering to the sick. On one jour-ney of hundreds of miles by train and seventy on foot to Kaifeng, the capital of Honan Province, he discovered the remains of an ancient Hebrew colony which had settled from the Middle East hundreds of years before. This was of extreme interest to him as a Bible student in view of the reference to China (Sinim) in Isaiah 49:12.. . . .

Not all by far of Harry Miller's experiences were to be so exhilarating, and tragedy stuck early in. his life, as his wife, only twenty-five .years of age, succumbed to a.mysterious disease and died only seventeen, months after they had left their native land. Whilst Dr. Miller took with him to China much in. terms of medical knowledge, he was there to learn a truth which was to save not only thousands of Chinese but children of many nations, including his own country, for it was in that far-off land that he learned of the true value of. the soya bean.

The second World War cut short his work and with his col-leagues he was forced to return to^America. This'gave him an opportunity of conducting research which his overcrowded over-seas programme had not permitted.'."• As-a> surgeon, he fully appreciated the need to eradicate the causes- of sickness. . In 10

China under-nourishment had been responsible for the deaths of many children whose mothers, because of their own ill health, were unable to-feed them. Conscious that the soya bean con-tained all the essential amino acids and was one of the finest sources of vegetable oil, Dr. Miller began to compare the liquid extracted from the bean with human and oow's milk. He found that not only was it lower in fat content and had less carbo-hydrate, but that it was, in fact, richer in protein. With an ample supply of valuable and easily produced food, here surely-was the answer to.the prayer of those millions throughout the world to whom death, through malnutrition was- inevitable under present conditions.

Although Harry Miller had received thousands of dollars from grateful wealthy patients whom he had treated, not a cent had he retained for his own personal benefit. With his limited means he purchased very cheaply a farm site at Mt. Vernon, Ohio, which the vendor had originally acquired in the vain hope of striking natural gas. Now, with his small band of helpers he started to build his soya milk plant with second-hand bricks. Such was his economy that when an extra bolierman was needed, he took the examination himself:

Having perfected a palatable milk, he was now faced with the problem of introducing it in a country where an ample supply of dairy produce was available. Undaunted, he persevered and succeeded in obtaining the Seal-of the American Medical Asso-ciation.

. The production and marketing of his milk having been handed over to Loma Linda Foods (the American associates of Granose Foods Ltd.), Dr. Miller again returned to'the-Far East at the end of hostilities. Soya milk plants have now been established in Manilla,- Hong Kong and many other countries, and in Japan the Ministry of Health has a plan for establishing one in each of the thirty-thousand village tofu factories.

The crowning of Harry Miller's work came when Generalis-simo Chiang Kai-Shek awarded him his country's highest honour, the Blue Star of China. Before the ceremony, Madam Chiang was heard to say, " No one m the history of the Chinese Repub-lic deserves it more than Dr. Miller." .Who.better fitted to make such a,comment than thjs daughter of the man from whom Harry Miller had rented a building some forty years earlier in Shanghai: Madam Chiang knew first hand of the love which had been mani-fested through the life of , this undauntable pioneer who had brought,hope to countless poverty-stricken peasants throughout the orient.

We would- remind our readers that this Soya Milk,- known as Granogen, is.available from Health Food Stores and high-class grocers throughout Great Britain. I t is a fine, easily-reconstituted powder, and each 10/- tin/makes eight pints of milk.i Granogen

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contains 100 I.U. of Vitamin D per oz. and one microgram of Vitamin B,= per 100 ozs. o-f powder.

Analysis: Protein ... -22.5% Carbohydrate 46.8% Fat ... 22.6% Ash 4.2% ' Moisture 3.9%

To add a personal note we would like to say how much we like the new pack which makes it so much easier to keep the powder fresh and dry—although it never lasts long enough to get spoiled in our house!

The special blend of soya milk for babies is called Granolac. A useful little folder is available with feeding charts and details of nutritional values, i.e., protein, fat, vitamin, mineral content, etc. Write to Messrs. Granose Foods Ltd., Stanborough Park, Watford, Herts. ED.

VEGAN LIBRARY BOOK REVIEW: "The Nut Cookery Book." By William I.

Kaufman. Faber, 25/-. 1966. This in a useful addition to any vegan's bookshelf. It con-

tains over 250 classic and original recipes. Each of the following nuts is considered in a section on its

own: Almonds, Walnuts, Brazil nuts, Cashew; Chestnuts, Coco-nuts, Filberts, Cob-nuts, Hazel-nuts, Macadamia nuts, Peanuts, Pecans, Pine nuts, Pistachios.

In addition to this, a classified list of recipes is given, includ-ing: Appetizers, and hors d'oeuvre, soups, vegetables, salads, stuffings, desserts, cakes, pies, cookies, pastries, sweets and candies.

An eight-page index is given at the end. If a criticism were called for, it would be from members of our society in that the book is not written for us alone but for the general public and it includes some non-vegan recipes.

The author dedicates the book to "all the wonderful nuts that I know."

This book together with those listed in the autumn, 1966 journal are available on loan for 6d. per week plus l /6d. postage.

H O N . LIBRARIAN.

The results of the survey of what our members eat in one week are fascinating and will be published (anonymously) shortly. This information will be of great help to new mem-bers. Those members who have not filled in one of the diet charts, available from the Hon. Librarian, are requested to apply with stamped addressed envelope for a chart for one week.

My thanks go to those who have already co-operated in this manner, W . W R I G H T ,

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COMMODITY A N D OTHER NEWS EVA BATT -

FOOTWEAR Boom Time Ahead for Man-Mades

" From a trickle to a flood in three years—and a torrent in prospect. This is the story of man-made shoe upper materials,

: as more and more manufacturers move into the market, determined to have a share in the boom-time- for man-mades which the experts say has already started to build up." The above is an extract from an article in the Shoe and

Leather News intimating that we can now look- forward in con-fidence to the end of our footwear problems.

We cannot claim any but a very small proportion of the credit for the swing to synthetics, the deciding factor, as usual, being an economic one. We believe that the violent fluctuations in the cost of animal leather (military requirements in Vietnam being, we are told, a contributory cause of the upward spiral) was mainly responsible for the increase in the number and quality of the new non-animal leathers.

For whatever reason, the enthusiasm and activity at this time is so great that the Shoe and Leather News, always impartial, recently issued a 28-page colour supplement entitled " The Explosion in Man-Made Upper Materials," and a director of one of the largest shoe manufacturers in Europe is quoted as saying:

" The firm that says it will make only all-leather shoes and are therefore not interested in chemical shoes might one day wake up to find that they have 100 per cent, of a non-existent market." Many of the new materials have " breathability," and Ortix,

the latest of these from the I.C.I, company, is sure to be promi-nent among them. Five years have been spent on the develop-ment of this quality poromeric material, and, like Corfam, Clarino, hi-Telac, Mellvair, Xylee, etc. it is a combination of poly-ester (Terylene), polypropylene (Ulstron), and polyurethyane; and some shoes should be in' the shops by the end of this year, although full-scale manufacture of Ortix will not begin until 1968, when enough of the material to produce millions of pairs a year is expected to be available. (The present consumption of all types of shoes in Great Britain is nearly 25 million pairs a year, and this figure is increasing each year as fashion shoes are discarded in favour of new styles and shades at ever-decreasing intervals.)

The Norvic Shoe Company are among the manufacturers using Ortix, and it is hoped that the:shoes,- when ready, will be marked in the same way as are Corfam shoes. Otherwise we shall still have the task of finding them!

13

Meanwhile, sales of Corfam, outcome of a multi-million-dolliar research project and more ambitiously designed than most of- the new materials to date, and the first *Poromeric in the field, con-tinue to increase at an ever-increasing rate. In the U.S.A., where 150 manufacturers are now using Corfam, one million pairs were sold in 1964; this year it is expected that 17—20 million pairs will be needed. Most of these, as we know, are leather-lined and / or soled. It is therefore necessary to approach all the high-quality man-mades with caution and, if possible, shop only for those mentioned in the magazine—or at the Beauty Without Cruelty Boutique, where we can be sure that there is no animal content—without having to ask!

Corfam comes in more than seventy colours and many finishes, the most recent of which is their Baby Gator, but we cannot imagine any of our readers wishing, to appear to be wearing reptile skins!

Mellowhide Products, who have been making vinyl shoe materials, for seventeen years, have now perfected their Mellvair, another " air-permeable" upper material with " good vapour absorption " (breathable). This is now being used by a limited number of shoe manufacturers for pilot runs to test acceptability. It will later be available in weights suitable for men's and children's shoes also. Another new expanded vinyl material from the same company is Mellvine. It has a chrome-patent finish, and both this and the original Melloroid are used exten-sively for softee sandals, slippers and bootees.

Yet another poromeric material of high quality which will be coming shortly is hi-Telac and, like Clarino, it comes from Japan. Indeed, several others from Japan are expected, but we have no details so far. The German-made material, about which we wrote previously, is called Xylee, but as far as we know at present this is not being used by any British shoe.firms so far.

Perhaps the most widely-distributed quality non-leather shoe material in this country at present (and one which you may find with man-made soles) is Velvon. The following manufacturers are making shoes from this at the moment: Clarks, C.W.S., R. J. Draper, Equity Shoes, Manfield & Sons, Panda Shoes; C. H. Preston, George Ward and, of course, The British Bata Shoe Company (" ViVa " brand shoes). These are in stock now at the B.W.C. Boutique and are certain to prove one of the most popular. They are broad fitting, cushion lined, and just right for comfort without clumsiness. Velvon shoes' are currently being advertised in Vogue, Vanity Fair, Nova; Honey, Flair and other glossy magazines.

Despite its delicate fibrillated suede-like appearance, it is, in fact, very tough. The makers claim that Velvon revels in the rough stuff we call a Typical British Winter. It is waterproof,

"The term " Poromer ic" was coined by Du Pont to describe the quality of Corfam.

14

wipes clean—you can even scrub it—arid does not scuff or stain even in slush and snow..' . . . . . . .

Care of your man-made ' shoes is simple "and easy. These plastic surfaces are, by their chemical nature, impervious to water and water-borne stains: Mud, ink, etc., can be safely removed with a damp sponge or soap and water—detergents can be used— and dry with a soft cloth. It is not necessary, or advisable in most cases, to use a brush. They are resistant to oils and grease unless it is allowed to remain in contact for some time—say twenty-four hours or more. . Remove greasy marks as soon as possible with soap and water. The higher grade, most costly materials, e.g., Corfam, Clarino, hi-Telac,\Ortix; Mellvair'and many linings, such as Porolux and Poron, have millions of pores, chemically or mechanically built into- the material, so that they are permeable to air and water vapour (but not water) and-are claimed, therefore, to possess in varying degrees the " breathing " characteristics of animal skins. This does not affect the method of cleaning.

An interesting point made in the Shoe and Leather News, and one which-we sincerely hope-will be taken to heart by salesmen everywhere, was:—- •

" Know what you are selling, customers will ask questions and are entitled to be told what they are buying.-"

How often have we wished this when asking of what a shoe is made! . • • • - • -

Although the future is bright, there is a word of warning. (I always seem to have at least one.) The Armstrong Cook Co. of Pasadena is developing a new upper material which will be based on reconstituted natural leather fibres.

The cost is expected to be low, as it can be made from " w a s t e " leather. Unfortunately, it is not "yet named, but .we hope to be able togive further details if, and.when, it arrives in this country. It may "well be accepted as non-animal by the unwary'.

"For Clarino, the maker, "Kurashiki Rayon, claim elasticity, which brings extra comfort without spoiling the shape or style of the shoe. This will be an added advantage,"for we have had users complain that Corfam"does not form "to'an imperfect foot as animal skins will do.

Other manufacturers of synthetic leathers'entering the field or adding to' their range of non-animal upper materials are Carl Freudenberg, makers of Helia upper material, who are reported to be working on a poromeric material. '

I.G.I. (Velvon) intend to broaden' their range of materials. Arlington Plastics have widened their range under the brand

name" of "Arlan!" J. B; Bradley, makers of "Poro lux" breathable, absorbent

linings, have now added '" Chamolux " upper material ' to their range. "

15

Barrow, Hepburn &.Gale have introduced " Syn-Skin." General Tire & Rubber are releasing their "Gena i re" this

year, for which they make claims similar to the other poromerics. L. Blake & Co. have introduced " Beaucardo 33," which is an

improved version of the original Beaucardo. Courtaulds have improved their Quox, and in America, Fibre

Industries Inc. and B. F. Goodrich are working on a new type of shoe-upper material.

Messrs. Barbo of New England, who claim to be the largest suppliers of man-made upper materials in the U.S.A., have a new range under the brand name " Respondre." This, they say, is an entirely new type of synthetic leather. We are told that the material, with a kid-like grain finish, has a " considerable but controlled elastic extension "—which could be the answer for those with bunions or otherwise difficult feet.

American Rogers Corp. are working on a material with very high abrasion- and scuff-resistance—ideal for children's wear. This company has considerable experience of manufacturing microporous linings and insoling (Poron), and the new upper material will also have good moisture vapour capabilities.

These are all in addition to the materials we have heard about recently, such as Cirrus, Armoride, Everflex, Ambla, Niolan, Storide, etc.

There are several, so far unconfirmed, reports of new materials from other manufacturers ; all we need now is for the footwear manufacturers to make them up into shoes in large quantities—and comfortable styles! We shall continue to search for these and report from time to time as we find suitable models—without, of course, any animal leather linings, soles or trims.

Mary Quant has designed a range of high-fashion shoes which will be made in all-synthetics by the makers of " Gluv " shoes. They are expected to be in the multiple shops this summer, so watch for them if you are looking for this type of gay, colourful shoe. The lining will be embossed with the Mary Quant daisy symbol, and the prices will range between 40/- and 60/-.

The uppers of Stylo Matchmaker golf shoes are of Gannex, a man-made material, and the soles are O.K., but the lining is a mixture of nylon and wool.

Under the heading " Spare our Crocodiles " we saw in the Australian magazine Walkabout a pathetic picture of slaughtered crocs, accompanied by the following letter from a reader in Sydney, New South Wales: —

" Recently I was with a prospecting party going north from Chillagoe in Queensland to the Mitchell River antimony. We had to cross that river on our journey. By a big bridge we saw the carcass of a crocodile, not a ' saltie,' but one of the fresh-water type. It had been shot and skinned. Not much to remark on, save that it was the only member of its tribe

16

. , we saw on a twelve:mile stretch of the. Mitchell we. found necessary to traverse.

We learned from the local station people that a party had gone down the river and cleaned up every river crocodile, all ' freshies.'

One is led to wonder if this is not making the pace a bit too hot. These harmless little fish-eaters present no menace at all to people along the river. Elsewhere people keep them for pets. Any of the old-timers in Queensland will tell you it is quite safe to swim among them."

Current Lotus Models which contain no Leather: Sandals. Pancho 11 is still available. In White, Seashell,

Tan, Black or Bitter Chocolate Softee Plastic. Wedge Heel. 29/ l id . Grotto : Softee Plastic in Chocolate and Beige, Seashell, White and True Blue. Wedge Heel. 29 / l id . Veleta X : In Bubble elastic. Colours: White, Panama, Navy or Black. Jump Wedge Heel. 3 2 / l i d . Vcleta : Black, White, Panama or Navy elasticated straw. Wedge Heel. 27 / l i d . New Lotus Models in Quox :

Aperitif: Cuban heel. B fitting. Quox uppers in the following colours: Mexico Pink, Quatorze Yellow, Peru, Albino, Erba.Green, Regal Violet, or True Blue. This is a sling-back style with wide instep and bar and cut-outs. This model is also made in Black Pattinex. 49 / l id . Champers: I f heel. B fitting. Court shoe with fringed tab, nailhead trims. In True Blue, Black, Regal Violet, Albino or Erba Green Quox. 4 9 / l i d .

Two 100% Non-Animal, Non-Chemical Manures—Wilfred Smith (Horticultural) Ltd.

Marinure Powdered Seaweed Manure is whole, natural, Galway Bay seaweed (Ascophyllum Nodosum) dried and ground. No chemicals are used in the manufacturing process and none are added, neither is any animal matter.

Marinure Extract is an aqueous extract of seaweed. Again no chemical and no animal matter are used in its production or added after processing.

Two other gardening aids from the same manufacturer are Marinure N.P.K. and Marinure Concentrate, both of which con-tain small amdunts of added artificial fertiliser, but no animal matter (over 75% seaweed).

Read what the experts say about seaweed as a gardening aid. An organic (or, as in this case, veganic) manure " con-

ditions " soil by building up the humus content. This humus, which is vegetable organic matter in a decomposed state, is the key factor in a well-conditioned soil. Humus is the culture medium for soil bacteria which proliferate and ennich the soil as well as improving the texture. Such soils are described as having good crumb structure, good tilth, or being easily

17

workable. In all cases.it means the same—a soil rich in humus where water and air can circulate, but water is-retained, and where the bacterial population flourish to bring new life to the soil.

"Seaweed is the only organic manure which contains alginic acid, a bonding agent which joins together soil particles into crumbs. This means in a heavy clay soil it opens up the mass of clay, which consists of minute particles, and breaks it into smaller crumbs arid so allows water and air to penetrate. The lime content of seaweed is a contributory factor in its ability to flocculate clay by forming crumbs from minute particles into aggregates and so gives them stability and water-holding capacity. In the same way it will build up the crumb structure of overworked. soil such as is found in town gardens, and other heavily cultivated soils."

At a recent Health.Food Exhibition we noticed that Vegecos have added several new lines to their list of vegan beauty aids. These are: " Innocence " Face Powder (not the compressed kind), Hair Lacquer, " Innocence" Roll-On. Deodorant, and Flower Petal Moisture Milk. These are in addition to the Vegecos items already listed in these pages, namely: " Innocence " Beauty Soap, Lemon Hand Lotion, Lemon Peel Shampoo and Rosemary Shampoo, " Innocence " Perfume and Skin Fragrance, and their famous Almond Cleansing Milk. . (Their Nail Lacquer, which friends tell us is very good, is also vegan, but alas, so far it has not been possible to substitute a nylon brush for the hair one at present in use.)

On the occasion mentioned above, Mrs. Gray explained that most of her preparations are now vegan as a satisfactory method of using sorbitol in place of glycerine had been established

Plantmilk Limited is now bringing out a half-size can of Plamil plantmilk which when diluted.makes | pint (426 c.c. for the benefit of overseas readers) and will become known as the picnic size. The present size, which when diluted makes pints, will continue to be the most economic purchase at 2/9d. per can and will become known as the family size.

The picnic size has been introduced for the benefit of people who live on their own, or where there is, e.g., only one vegan in the family. It is also-a convenient size for mothers of very young babies, because it provides approximately sufficient for a babe's daily needs (24-hour day).. A baby feeding guide is avail-able from the company. - - • . . .

We are very pleased to hear that plans for exporting .Plamil are well.under way, and it should not be long before this entirely vegetable miilk will be available to our friends in Canada and the U.S.A. . . - .

Ladies' Slacks. Some of the Elida brand slacks are made with no wool content. Look at the label when 'buying. 18

Suits for Men and Boys. Foster Bros. '(Slothing Co. Ltd. can supply suits to-measure made up in Terylerie/Sarille-blerided cloth. Although .Foster Bros, have many branches all over the country, not/rail of them stock this material. Write first to Head 0fficer2230 Bradford Street, Birmingham 12, for address of your nearest branch, being sure;to mention that you require a suiting without wool. •

" Guards.!' brand trousers for men are now being made in Terylene.Crimplene—without the addition of wool. For details and order form write, to "Guards -Menswear, IDurward Street, London,.E.f.V- * -

'Toothpaste. r We are pleased to-confirm "that the new tooth-paste " Sarakan " is vegan.

Chiltern Herbs Country,Stuffing is vegan. The manufacturers assure,us that the " hydrolised protein " content is 100 per cent, vegetable. -. - • .. ' . ' ;

_Sn6wcrest New Cakfe Mixes contain no ingredients which would be unacceptable to vegans. '

Linomel contains honey. Maplegold Margarine contains some milk. We regret to say that Granose Blackcurrant Juice does con-

tain white sugar. The Cambridge Formula Dietary Loaf contains nothing of

animal origin. ' Important. Please note—and pass on the information. Maizy Corn Oil Margarine is NOT—repeat NOT'vegani It contains 1% skimmed milk powder. This latest information- is quite contrary to that which we have received previously and'which, in all innocence, we passed on to our readers. • • • • • •

A CORRECTION A member in California has been kind enough to write and

correct a statement of mine in the Spring issue of The Vegan. On page 19 I wrote: " Monoglycerides are made.from animal fats." What I should have written was that monoglycerides can be made from either animal or vegetable fats. They are, therefore, suspect when we have no positive assurance from the user. The same .apples to di-glycerides-and lecithin. Just to make it. more difficult for us! .

Owing1 to pressure of space the article "More About Milk" has unavoidably been held over.

19

ARTISTS' MATERIALS Amateur artists who aim at trying to ..avoid the use of

materials of animal origin may be interested in the following notes ; as with so many other problems in the world as it is, 100 per cent, consistency is very difficult for the vegan, and many will feel able to arrive at a tolerable compromise at some point.

(Abbreviations used are: A for animal, V for vegetable, M for mineral, and SH for by-products of the slaughter-house.)

PIGMENTS.—All pigments used in the manufacture of artists' paints are of either vegetable or mineral origin, with two excep-tions: Ivory Black is made from calcined bones (SH), and Carmine from the cochineal insect (A). However, Lamp Black is, for most purposes, a better black, and Aliziran Crimson is very similar to Carmine.

Water colours are manufactured from the pigment itself, bound with gum (V), but a certain amount, of ox-gall (SH) ds mixed with it to help it to " take " on the paper. Oil paints contain only vegetable or mineral oils in addition to the pigment. Pastels are bound with gum or resin (V). Designers' wat]er colours for gouache work contain honey in addition to the gum. Egg tempera colours are bound with oil and egg-yolk. The new acrylic paints (Polymer, Cryla, etc.) do not, so far as is ascertain-able, contain any animal matter. Mediums and fixatives in general use are all of vegetable or mineral origin.

Brushes are all made from animal hair or bristle. One firm has been making decorators' brushes from vegetable fibre, but so far brushes suitable for artists are not available. Hog and ox are slaughter-house products ; sable hair is from an animal killed for its fur ; badger, squirrel and ichneumon come from animals killed as pests. So-called camel-hair brushes are, in fact, squirrel-hair (the camel has never contributed anything to artists' materials). It may be of interest here to suggest that oil painters experiment with knife painting, with which some striking effects can be obtained, in many cases almost indistinguishable from brush-work ; the painting knives are sold in a variety of sizes and shapes.

Canvas is, of course, of vegetable origin, although size (SH) may be used in its preparation. Similarly with paper, which is often treated with size, but not always. Hardboard, now widely used for oil painting, is made from vegetable material and resin ( V ) . W I L L I A M K . ROBINSON.

"I admit I feel guilty when taking dairy products, and hope the day will come when we and all the rest of the world will have ceased to use them."

Dr. Allinsor. speaking at a Public Meeting which followed the Annual General Meeting of the World League Against Vivisection at Caxton Hall on May 20th. 20

HOTEL SHARUNA A N D INDIA COFFEE HOUSE

Gujarati painter-poet and hotelier, Ramesli Patel, has resigned as M a n a g i n g Director of Hotel Sharuna, which was opened two years ago when Mr. Patel combined his India Coffee House with the new venture.

" It is a perfectly friendly arrangement between Mr. Choksi and myself," said Mr. Patel. " It has released funds which I may use to open another vegetarian establishment." Meanwhile he is devoting his energies to the Indian Emporium, also in Great Russell Street.

Ramesh Patel is Founder and Director of London's Nava Kala Indian Socio-Cultural Centre. He came to Britain ten years ago to study art, but soon established two Health Food Stores in Birmingham, before setting up the London Emporium.

We have just heard that definite plans for a new vegetarian restaurant in London are under way where both Indian and British vegetarians and vegans will be catered for.

CONGRATULATIONS It gives us very much pleasure to congratulate our friends

at the India Coffee House on the glowing write-up in the new " Good Food Guide." Also, an Evening Standard reporter (non-vegetarian) complimented the catering manager, Mr. Jayat Yande, on the " delectable assortment " of vegetarian foods he provides.

Under the heading, " I've Got a Masala Dhosa on my Thali " (plate), the reporter writes of Mr. Yande: —

" ' One cannot give life,' he says, ' therefore one must not take it.' Indeed, he goes further. He sees in eating meat the beginning of moral disintegration. ' Start with meat,' he says ' and before you know where you are it's drink and drugs and

21

RAMESH PATEL

•the end of the good life.' It's a high-minded place, the Sharuna, but I warmly recommend the Masala Dhosa." So, of course, do we who are fortunate enough to be able to

eat there occasionally. The Masala Dhosa is an eggless, milkless, crisp pancake filled with vegetables. Jack McClelland also enjoys one when he is over here.

Remember that the India Coffee House, on the ground floor of „the .Sharuna Hotel, is a vegetarian restaurant, and although eggs are never used,, yoghurt sometimes is, so it is necessary for our members to stipulate, a vegan meal to be sure of getting strictly vegetarian .dishes. Ask for vegan margarine otherwise butter will be served.

EXPERIENCES WITH VEGETABLE MILKS

. In a paper that the Vegan Society was invited to present to the International Congress of Nutrition in Swanwick in 1965, a general account was given of the scientific background to the development of different vegetable milks during the twentieth century (Ellis & Wokes, 1965). This together with "the more detailed description of the recently marketed Plamil, also given to the Congress (Stoddard, 1965), provided-to those interested in vegetable milks a comprehensive picture of their nutritional .values. There are, however, other important points to be con-sidered, especially in regard to the use of vegetable milks, in various drinks and dishes and their presentation in such a way as-to secure their, acceptance and palatability.

Let us look at this question from the point of view of the consumer. He (or she) may be anyone from a baby to an old man, drinking the milk neat from a bottle or tumbler, or diluted in a cup of coffee or tea or other suitable beverage. He may conr sume it with his porridge or breakfast cereal, as a cream on his fruit, mixed in a sauce or cooked into a cake or. other pastry or dish. Obviously an.expert opinion is desirable. , .

We cannot claim to be such experts, though we have recently had the pleasure of meeting at Rothay Bank a bevy of charming ladies (and two bold gentlemen) who were taking a course in vegetarian cookery organised by the Vegetarian Catering Asso-ciation. Our, experience with vegetable milks during recent years has been rather adventurous and most interesting.

' ACCEPTABILITY OF VELACTIN '

Trials lasting several months were carried out on .over one dozen, adult .vegan volunteers between 1963 and 1965/ Each volunteer consumed daily one to three oz. of Velactin powder, equivalent to about- one-third to one pint of cows' milk, the usual sort of intake. Only one or two did not find it very acceptable: 22

Most, consumed it, readily and . commented , on • its-.excellent flavour. .Since its introduction in 1958 many infants and child-ren as well as adults have taken. Velactin. regularly... Some of these were.in.clinical:trials such.as those carried out in.Germany by Tiling, Ehring & Stewart (1961), in which the favourable effects observed were similar to those, recently published on British vegans (Ellis .&:Wokes, 1967). . When Plamil first, came on the market in 1965, we presented a tin of it to. colleagues in the Ministry of. Food and asked for their opinion:.. They did not think it would.be generally acceptable in place of cows' milk. This opinion was based on single tests of a product still in the experimental stage. To obtain a- fairer opinion a more pro-longed, trial was necessary. • At.the.I.V.U. Congress in Swanwick in 1965, Plamil was tasted

by several hundred persons and found generally acceptable. It was consumed daily during the Congress by about seventy people, only a few of whom had tasted it before. The reaction on the whole.was favourable. A' few commented on a slight metallic taste-

• - COMPARISON OF PLAMIL AND GRANOGEN

Just "before the Swanwick - Congress a vegan volunteer switched completely from cows' milk to Plamil for more than a

B E A U T Y WITHOUT. CRUELTY

GARDEN PARTY AT ITS

NEW ANIMAL SANCTUARY by courtesy of MR. and M R S . JOHN L E F E V R E

Shangri-la, Ducky Is Park, West Hoathly, Sussex (ri-ear East Grinstead) .

SUNDAY, 16 JULY, 3 p.rii.

Admission 2/6d. (children 1/-, O.A.P. FREE)

FASHION SHOW : TEAS : STALLS : ATTRACTIONS Hourly trains from Victoria to East'Grinstead, then 87 or 36 bus.

•708 Green'Line coach from London to East Grinstead, then-87 or 36 bus.

Special coach from London and map for those .travelling by. car.

23

year during which certain clinical tests were carried out, the results of which will be reported elsewhere. After, over 100 tins of Plamil had been consumed Granogcn was used in its place for several months enabling a comparison to be made of the general acceptability of the two products. Another vegan volunteer underwent a similar experiment. Their opinion was that Plamil is more suitable for making tea or coffee because it mixes more readily but Granogen is more palatable as a cold drink. Both Plamil (undiluted) and Grahogen were found equally acceptable for using on porridge or breakfast cereals or in cooking.

Some further tests have been carried out on larger numbers of persons. In March, 1966, a supply of Plamil was taken on the Oxfam " Operation Oasis " expedition to Algeria and tasted by a cross-section of over 800 teenagers taking part in this expedi-tion, which paid a brief visit to the Sahara. In September, 1966, a similar supply of Plamil was taken to Holland and tasted by a number of Dutch colleagues including some of those attending the meetings held at the Netherlands Institute of Nutrition at Wageningen on September 12th.

During the luncheon to Richard St. Barbe Baker on Octo-ber 8th, which was organised by the Vegetarian Nutritional Research Centre at the Ivanhoe Hotel, London, both Granogen and Plamil were served to about fifty persons. Granogen was mixed with water to provide a cold drink readily consumed by those present, very few of whom had tasted it before. Several people asked the name of what they were drinking. Plamil was used undiluted in coffee as a cream.- ,

AMERICAN VEGETABLE M I L K S In America the pioneer worker on vegetable milks has been

the Adventist Dr. Harry Miller, whose experience on their manufacture and presentation to the public goes back for nearly forty years. In his attempts to develop a suitable product for the relief of protein shortage in infants and children he found that the soya milks then being made by the Asiatics were neither tasty nor nutritionally acceptable, giving rise to very unpleasant digestive disturbances caused by fibre and trypsin inhibitor derived from the soya beans- He removed the fibre by filtration and the trypsin inhibitor, whose presence was not established till many years later, was destroyed by the heating process he employed to get rid of the disagreeable beany flavour. The final product was either a spray-dried powder which could be recon-stituted with water to give a vegetable milk or a double, strength liquid which could be diluted with an equal volume. Both gave a vegetable milk with the appearance, flavour and nutritional value of cows' milk and . equally acceptable. Samples of both were kindly supplied to research workers developing vegetable milks in this country.

The results of these various trials covering in all over 1,000

24

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Marinure is pure powdered seaweed, nothing added and nothing taken away. It is a natural organic manure, soil conditioner and compost activator. Bed 4 oz. sq. yd.: Lawns 2 oz. sq. yd. 14 lbs. 15/-, 56 lbs. 40/-, 1 cwt. 60/-. All carr. pd. inc. leaflet. Or please send for details, mentioning " The Vegan."

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25

persons (many non-vegetarians) indicate that the vegetable milks already on the market can, if carefully prepared, be made accept-able to a considerable percentage of the population to whom they are provided in the form of cream or milk for breakfast cereals, after dinner sweets and as beverages. They can also replace cows' milk in various cooked and baked dishes which have been found equally acceptable. The chief factor retarding their more rapid development is economic. All of them at present cost about twice as much as cows' milk. As demand and production increase, costs should fall so that they may eventually become cheaper than cows' milk just as margarine eventually became cheaper than butter.

D R . FRANK W O K E S , PH.D., F.R.I.C.

LETTERS TO THE EDITOR Your correspondent Violet Mitchell, writing in the Spring

issue of the Vegan, states that when she was living in the Finchley area she succeeded in getting local shopkeepers, includ-ing Boot's, to obtain for her vegetarian and vegan foods.

The following extract was published in the Nottingham Evening Post and News dated February 21st, 1967: —

" Boot's Pure Drug Company's Research Division at Bleaby said that they stopped taking in animals from outside sources years ago. The Division stocks and breeds its own supplies." This extract is part of a front-page article on pet stealing

featured in the above paper. So watch your step, Miss Mitchell! G . E . W O O D S .

Thank you for the Spring issue of the Vegan. I wish to con-gratulate you on such a mass of valuable information, fact and enlightenment packed into such a small space. It is up-to-date on everything, and looks like being a leader in the future. I am glad to see it making such advances and that the requirements for vegans, not only in food but also in clothes, footwear, etc., are continually brought to the fore.

There is one requirement, however, that cries out for atten-tion, and that is Vegan Gardening. We go to the utmost length to avoid the intake of any animal food, yet here we are day after day eating vegetables produced on just that—flesh, blood, bones, hoof and horn meal, diseased carcasses, not to speak of all the poisonous sprays, fertilisers—tons of them at that—that are used to produce our daily food. So where are we! Isn't it ridiculous? This should have been the first requirement of all, and yet it has not started. Could the Humane Farmers League not organise a " Grown-on-Compost Campaign " to supply vegan requirements, and also all others who wish it, bearing a tag to certify this, and charging a little extra? When it is special on

26

Another fine product by

Hi

» Britain's Leading Health Foods

Granogen Soya milk powder Vitamin B 12 enriched Containing all the beneficial elements of cows' milk, Granogen has a high nutritive value, is enriched with the minerals and vitamins required for good health. Granogen is used successfully in the treatment of milk allergies and gastric disorders—it is antacid and can-not increase cholesterol levels. Easily soluble in cold water i t makes a refreshing drink and can be substi-tuted for cows' milk in cooking.

1 !

Gran&se

^ E L Y POWDERED S O Y A M I L K

Manufacturers of a wide variety of protein foods and health drinks. G R A N O S E F O O D S L I M I T E D • W A T F O R D • H E R T S

27

the market like this, you may be sure non-vegans would be the first to pick it up. Miss A. W., Christchurch, Hants.

[Now you veganic gardeners, go to it! We will attempt to publish all .your replies. Obviously it is high time we had a gardening number. Articles welcome.—E.B.]

I have just got round to reading the current Vegan, and I think the article on milk is terrific. I find the same thing as the writer of the letter which prompted the article did, that a sufficient case against milk cannot be stated quickly and casually; one learns it all gradually by reading any number of articles and reports. This article is grand ; can you let me have a few extra copies for friends? E. W., Devon.

" . . . I am happy to say that I have proven to my satisfac-tion that-animal products are not at all necessary to build health and strength, on. 1 used to drink up to three quarts of full milk a day, but for the last five years I have drunk no milk at all and I am growing more powerful in my training all the time. I do not claim to be a champion weight-lifter but I do claim that I am as good or better than when I drank milk and ate flesh. In fact I am lifting greater weights than I could before when I included eggs and milk in my diet."

Mr. Chamberlain tells us that he grows his own vegetables and gives details of his diet which he is finding so helpful and satisfactory. He uses only veganic cultivation and adds: " I have never used animal manure in the live years I have lived here " (as a vegan).

He goes on: " I have now. built a new apparatus which con-sists of a platform with weights loaded on it, and the plaform moves up and down on pipes which slide up and down inside larger pipes. By placing my back against the platform and pushing with my arms and legs I have elevated 2,100 twice and 1,740 twenty times without stopping. (Weight-lifters will no doubt understand this measure—we seem to spend any spare energy we may have just on bashing a typewriter!)

He comments: " M y weight training gives me a big appetite." (We are not surprised!) " I s it possible to get Plantmilk in the U.S.A.?" From Fred J. Chamberlain, Toledo, Ohio, 43607, U.S.A.

Mr. Chamberlain is one more who will be pleased to read, elsewhere in this issue, that it will not be long now before he can get Plantmilk in his own Health Food Store. Also Soyagen and Soyalac (known over here as Granogen and Granolac) are already available of course. Indeed our American cousins had the advantage of these vegetable milks years before they were on sale in this country.

The following letter was read over the radio on April 27th and 28th. It was in answer to one of the panel on "Any Ques-

28

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29

tions?" who felt that those who opposed hunting should be vegetarians if they would be consistent. " Dear Freddie Grisewood,

Those who are opposed to hunting should be strict vegetarians who, do not eatvbutter, cheese, eggs or milk. They should not wear wool, leather o r fur garments. They should be sure that neither the soaps, cosmetics, shampoos, nor the scents they use cause any oruelty to animals—it is appalling how much cruelty is involved in some of these things. They should refuse any medical treatment which is based on experiments on animals. Only by being absolutely consistent have we a leg to stand on."

BARBARA E D W A R D S .

. . . I am happy indeed to tell you that I have adopted a vegan diet in place of the lacto-vegetarian diet adhered to formerly. It is now some three months since changing over, and I am delighted to find that no difficulties whatever have presented themselves. I feel every bit as well as formerly—perhaps even better, at least psychologically—and I have every intention of following the vegan way from this time forward. C.S., California.

FROM THE SECRETARY'S POSTBAG POINT AND COUNTERPOINT

Which vegan food most closely resembles a hard-boiled egg in protein content ?

One oz. almonds has almost identical protein content (I egg equals 5.9 grams per oz.;one oz. almonds equals 5.8 grams per oz.)

And though eggs are starch-free, almonds have a low carbo-hydrate content (1.2 grams per oz.). In 1953 you published a report that Hungarian research workers

had discovered that lupin seeds can be used as a substitute for eggs in pastry. Has anything come of this, and were they the first to discover this ?

Lupin seeds were used for baking bread by the Romans in 2000 B.C. As to the Hungarian discovery, Mr. Lawrence Kirwan from the Hungarian News and Information Service, has been, in touch with the Director of the Hungarian Nutrition Science Insti-tute, and reports that the. research was satisfactorily completed in 1958, but then increased egg production prevented it being followed up in practice. Also, it was found that in certain weather conditions poisonous alkaloids could appear in. lupin seeds, necessitating expensive medical checking. But the present world food situation might cause experiments to be continued. Is there a Summer Meeting with a Vegan speaker anywhere ?

Dr. Wokes will speak on " The Case for Vegan Diet" at 7.30 p.m., on July 4th, at Caxton Hall, Westminster, at the invitation of the Fruitarian Guild-. 30

C h a n g e t o ' A l f o n a l ' 'Safety First' Health Foods

Hear t disease now accounts f o r more than one out of every two deaths in civilised coun t r i e s . In a repor t the Amer i can H e a r t Associat ion says : " The reduction of fat consump-tion with rea .onable substitution of Poly-Unsaturated fat for Saturated fats is recommended as a possible means of preventing atherosclerosis and decreasing the risks of heart attacks and strokes."

This Al fona l range of sa fe , hea r t -helping f o o d s is hospi ta l tested and medically app roved . Ask f o r them by the brand names .

" S U N - 0 - L I F E " Sunflower Oil Margar ine—even higher in Poly-Unsatura tes—offers you the ultimate in low cholesterol margar ines . I t also conta ins A lph ium (stabilised W h e a t G e r m Oil) f o r added pro tec t ion . You will love the delicious new flavour and spreadabi l i ty . Makes even bet ter- tast ing sandwiches . . . be t ter f o r cook ing and f rying, too .

per 1 / 8 i lb.

Sun-O'Lifre Sunflower Oil

*' SUN-O-LLFE " Sunflower Salad and Cook ing Oil is cold-pressed f r o m sua-r ipened Sunflower seeds—even higher in Poly-Unsatura tes . Brings you the full food value of Sun-flower seeds harvested at their peak Po ly-Unsa tu ra te potency. Tas te this new light and exciting flavour in your h o m e cooking . Use it f o r new taste delights on sa lads , as a Mayonnaise and for f ry ing .

2 / 4 per \ p int . 4 / - per p in t . 7 / 9 per 2 p int . 3 0 / - per ga l lon .

From all Health Food Stores & Chemists

If any difficulty write direct to Alfonal Ltd., Church Road, Worcester Park, Surrey

o .p .c .

31

J

Can you suggest a daily menu for an elderly Vegan living alone ? Minimum cooking please.

Breakfast-. Nut Muesli, fresh fruit, warm drink. Dinner: One root, one green vegetable, jacket potato with

vegan margarine. Banana or stewed fresh fruit, two or three times weekly a cup of vegan milk or a cereal pudding made with plantmilk, with soaked dried fruit.

Supper: Salad and cooked pulses like peas or beans, a little wholewheat bread and vegan margarine (or nutbutter if not calorie-watching) with raw or fried mushrooms or an unfired rissole. If salad cannot be taken, grated vegetables can be made into soup with 2 oz. pulses.

NUT MUESLI: 2 tablespoons grated or ground nuts; 1 des-sertspoon raisins (can be ground with nuts in electric grinder); 1 teaspoon cocoa (or carob powder); 1 teaspoon brown sugar or maple syrup; dessertspoon hot water.

What exclusively vegan cookery books have you got ? Our "Vegan Reoipes" (100 recipes for 1/9), are not in book

form, but consist of ten foolscap sheets which are stapled together. They contain just about everything there is in the vegan line!

Joyous Menus for a Fortnight with recipes by K. Keleney. Price 2/6d., gives fifty-six answers to the question, "Wha t shall we have next?" An answer to hearty hikers arriving home with huge appetites!

It contains at the end, one page of egg-and-cheese recipes, meant for those in the first stages of changing over, and for Vegans having to entertain uncompromising lacto-vegetarians.

Available for the first time in this country, though published in 1965, and re-printed for the second time this year, is: The Vegan Kitchen by Freya Dinshah. Price 7/6d. for the De luxe, and 5/- for the Standard edition. A unique presentation, it con-tains a chapter on " Why Veganism " by Mrs. Batt as well as a list of helpful gadgets and hints on sprouting seeds. It gives an interesting glimpse into Vegan eating habits in a country where such exotic fruits as papaya, mango, sapote or green bananas are daily fare, but at the same time gives all the necessary basic knowledge.

VOLUNTEERS, PLEASE! Dr. Ellis and Queen Elizabeth College are very grateful for

the helpful co-operation they received from members of the Vegan Society in their recent survey. They are now carrying out a further study on Vegan children and would be very pleased to hear from any members with children who f . Please would they contact: Mrs. J. Tacoby, , Elstree, Herts. Tel. 953 - 2936. 32

MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS Terms: Cash with Order to H. H. Greaves Ltd., 106/110 Lordship Lane,

London, S.E.22. (2/- per line', minimum 2 lines; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

BLACKHEATH'S HEALTH FOOD STORE. An impressive selection of Health Foods. luice Bar and Refreshment Room — small and cosy, with personal attention. Tasty snacks, generous salads and appetising hot meals. Nutrition without Cruelty — vegetarian and vegan foods; Science without Cruelty — herbal remedies. Also Beauty without Cruelty — harmless soaps and cosmetics. Plantmilk, nuts, seeds and grains—a speciality. Wholewheat bread and cakes. Compost-grown produce. Large selection of health books. Afreta Healing Oil, a unique combination of natural oils, wonderfully penetrating in the relief of sprains, burns, rheumatism, bronchitis, etc. 3/3d. and 6/3d„ plus l /6d . postage. HEALTHWAYS, 5 Tranquil Passage, London, S.E.3. LEE Green 5811.

BRITISH VEGETARIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT. An organisation for people 12—35. Social gatherings, holidays, monthly magazine, etc., organised. Further particulars from Secretary, B.V.Y.M., c /o London Vegetarian Society, 53 Marloes Road, London, W.8.

HEALTH through NATURAL HYGIENE. Are you interested in Health achieved naturally and without the exploitation of other human beings and animals? Natural Hygiene is a system of health preservation and restoration which meets these requirements. For literature, send 6d. stamp to: The Secretary, British Nat. Hygiene Soc., 40 Foxburrow Road, Norwich, Norfolk.

PLAMIL PLANTMILK is the complete vegan answer to animal milk. Canned as a double-strength liquid and ideal for use as a cream or diluted as a milk. PLAMIL Chocolate and PLAMIL home-made style Fudge are quality confections without dairy produce or any other animal ingredient. Ask for these three vegan products at your Health Store. They are made by the only firm producing nothing but vegan foods. PLANTMILK LTD., High Street, Langley, Bucks.

PLEASE HELP the Anglo-East European Fund for Animal Welfare. Please send a donation to help us to help the unfortunate animals in Hungary. Miklos Bandi is working alone ther res help urgently. Send for details to : Roy M. Pattison, Black-heath Village, London, S.E.3.

RAW FOOD RESEARCH BULLETINS are now continued as Raw Food Notes in each issue of " The Fructarian ". Annual subscription 10s. 6d. to be sent to The Fruitarian Guild, 1 Camden Row, Cuckoo Hill, Pinner Green, Middlesex.

THE COMPASSIONATE DOCTRINE OF AHIMSA is stressed in the monthly publication "AHIMSA" (non-killing, harmlessness). Full year, 7s. in British stamps or coins. THE AMERICAN VEGAN SOCIETY, Malaga, N J . 08328, U.S.A.

UNFURNISHED, partly-furnished or furnished room with use of kitchen and bath wanted by Veg

XETER.

WORLD FORUM. The leading international Vegetarian quarterly. Edited by Mrs. Esme Wynne-Tyson. Advocates the vegetarian way of life for physical health and a true relationship between the human and creature kingdoms—without exploitation and cruelty. 2/-, plus 6d. post per copy. 10/- per year, post free.—H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, SJ2.22.

ESTABLISHMENTS CATERING FOR VEGANS

MAJORCA.—For retired couple is offered comfortably furnished flat in English widow's home with kind climate and beautiful views at reasonable rent for permanency. Further particulars with reply coupon please, f rom: RITCHIE, Salud, (153) Palma de Mallorca.

BROOK LINN.—Callander, Perthshire. Vegetarian and Vegan meals care-fully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable guest house. Near Trossachs and Western Highlands. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. Callander 103.

EASTBOURNE. Full or part-board, or self-catering. Bright and com-fortable. Pleasantly situated, outskirts of town. Easy access shops, sea front. Parking facilities. Margaret Fisher, Edgehill Vegetarian Guest House, 6 Mill Road. Tel. 30627 & 21084. V.C.A. Member.

EDSTONE, WOOTTON WAWFN, WARWICKSHIRE (near Stratford-on-Avon). Modern Nature Cure Resort and Guest House with every comfort, and compost-grown produce. (Phone: Claverdon 327.)

LAKE DISTRICT Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel James. Tel.: 334.

NEWQUAY, CORNWALL. Lowenva Vegetarian Guest House, 182 Mount Wise. Mrs. P. Lapham. Home-baking. Brochure. Tel.: Newquay 2764.

MEXICO.—" Villa Vegetaria " Vacation Resort, via Libre Km-70, Santa Maria, Buena Vista, Cuernavaca, Mexico. Spanish architecture, heated swimming pool, outdoor gymnasium, easy Spanish classes, Yoga, educational library. Unsprayed home-grown fruit and vegetables from $35 a week inclusive. Write for fur ther details.

" W O O D C O T E " , Lelant, St. Ives, Cornwall, is a high-class Vegetarian Food Reform Guest House in a warm and sheltered situation over-looking the Hayle Estuary. Composted vegetables; home-made whole-wheat bread; vegans catered for knowledgeably. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfrey. Tel. : Hayle 3147. Early bookings for Summer very advisable.

WOTTON-UNDER-EDGE, GLOUCESTERSHIRE. Coombe Lodge is a Manor House set in a two-acre garden on the southern slopes of the Cotswold Hills, overlooking Coombe Valley, where most fruit and vegetables are home-grown. Demonstrations given of Vegan Cookery. Apply Kathleen Keleny. Tel.: Wotton-under-Edge 3165.

P r i n t e d b y H . H . GREAVES LTD., 106/110, L o r d s h i p L a n e , Eas t Du lwich , L o n d o n , S.H.22.