T H E VEGAN SOCIETY Founded November, 1944

Veganism is a way of living which excludes all forms of exploitation of, and cruelty to, the animal kingdom, and includes a reverencc and com-passion for all life. It applies to the practice of living on the products of the plant kingdom to the exclusion of flesh, fish, fowl, eggs, honey, animal milk and its derivatives, and encourages the use of alternatives for all commodities derived wholly or in part from animals. Veganism remembers man's responsibilities to the earth and its resources and seeks to bring about a healthy soil and plant kingdom and a proper use of the materials of the earth.

President : Dr. FREY ELLIS, Epsom, Surrey. Deputy-President: Mrs. E. B. SHRIGLEY, Purley, Surrey. Vice-Presidents: Mrs. MURIEL DRAKE, Dr. CATHERINE NIMMO, Miss MABEL

SIMMONS, Miss WINIFRED SIMMONS. Honorary Secretary : Mrs. EVA BATT, Enfield, Middlesex. Honorary Treasurer: Mrs. SERENA N. COLES, ,

Puriey, Surrey. Committee: Mr. E. T. BANKS, Mr. H. T. BONNIE, Mrs. P. M. COLLINS,

T H E LADY DOWDING, M r . JACK MCCLELLAND, M r . M . MCCULLOCH, M r . W . H . C . WRIGHT, B . S C . , N . D „ D O . , M . B . N

Vegan Distribution Secretary: Mrs. M. BARKER, , Kingston-on-Thames, Surrey.

Minimum subscription, which includes " T h e Vegan", 15s. per annum (and 7s. 6d. for each additional member of one family at same residence); 7s. 6d. if age under 18; payable in January. Life Membership, £10 10s. Od.

THE VEGAN JOURNAL OF THE VEGAN SOCIETY

Editor: Mr. JACK SANDERSON, , Upminster, Essex. Advertisements: H . H . GREAVES LTD., 1 0 6 / 1 1 0 Lordship Lane, London,

S.E.22. Published quarterly: Annual subscription, 7s. post free; single copies,

Is. 9d. post free. Obtainable from the Hon. Secretary.

LITERATURE " T h e Reasons for Veganism." 4 page leaflet. Free. " V e g a n Protein Nutrition." 12 page leaflet. Is. 3d. post free. " A Handbook of Practical Veganism." 24 pages with cover. 2s. 9d.

post free. " The Vegetarian and Vegan Food Guide." 2s. 6d. post free. "Unnecessary Cruelties among Farm Animals." 8 page leaflet. 6d. post free.

All obtainable from the Hon. Secretary (cheques and postal orders made out to " The Vegan Society ").

THE V E G A N Journal of the Vegan Society

SUMMER, 1964

EDITORIAL Vegans have a deep conviction that there can never be real

peace on earth so long as man shows unkindness in any part of his life, and that a true and wide understanding and com-passion manifests itself in the attitude shown to the weaker and to those over whom one has a measure of power and dominion. Particularly is this so in the case of the animal creation. The sad fact is that most human beings display a thoughtless attitude in this direction and seem to be largely unaware of the fact that mankind collectively bears great responsibility for the kingdoms below him in the evolutionary process. Although only a minority are cruel and callous towards creatures such as foxes, stags and otters, etc., the cruelties in many other cases are carried out by a minority on behalf of others who eat, o r use the products, e.g., whale hunting and the hunting and trapping of fur-bearing animals and other creatures whose skins or other parts of their bodies are used by human beings. An outstanding example of this is in the practice of vivisection.

Wherever "modern" medicine is practised, behind it, hidden away from public gaze and protected by an obsolete Act that was intended to protect their victims, vivisectionists cause animal suffering in the sacred name of human suffering. For practically every man, woman and child in the "civilised" world, each year a creature undergoes an "experiment"—vast numbers of these being such as would revolt most human beings and be punishable by law (if .performed outside the laboratories). The case against vivisection is to be found elsewhere in this magazine and is eloquently put by two young people who are devoting their whole energies to fighting this evil misdirection and dark cul-de-sac of modern medicine.

When we support this type of research or use its products, we are jointly responsible for the hideous suffering involved. When we eat dairy produce and drink milk, we take part in the

process that brings cruelty and an early death to millions of baby calves. When we wear fur coats we are standing by the traps and watching the animals die a lingering and agonising death. When we eat our margarine and use our soap we are' firing the explosive harpoon into the whale. When we eat our veal and pate de foie gras, our battery eggs, bacon and chickens, we are condemning millions of creatures to an Auschwitz-like or other abnormal type of existence until death releases them. When we eat our Sunday joint we are not only taking part in the cruelties inflicted as a normal thing on most cattle but we are standing by in the abattoir, and farther, we are assisting in a process that inevitably means that the more that eat meat here, the more shall starve there, as meat production is such an inefficient way of using the world's land resources. When our ladies are using their cosmetics they are killing or torturing the animals that have been used in producing them.

Whatever stage we are at, the process of freeing ourselves from the huge burden of collective mans cruelty to the animal creation can proceed step by step. Let us each take this road and follow it steadfastly until we come to the point where we can say to the animal creation, "As far as I am aware, and as far as I am able, I do not exploit you or ill-treat you, and I will continually seek to bring about a right relationship between you and mankind".

J . SANDERSON.

V E G A N M E E T I N G S

JULY. An Extraordinary General Meeting and Social will be held at the home of our Treasurer, Mrs. Serena Coles, at

Purley, Surrey, on Sunday, July 12th, at 2,30 p.m.

The only business of the meeting will be to discuss a few small alterations in the wording of the Rules of the Vegan Society to comply with the requirements of the Charity Commissioners. This will be an opportunity to meet other members, discuss problems and have a most enjoyable day out. To assist with the catering arrangements please let Mrs. Coles know in advance if you intend to be present.

JULY. We shall be joining with the B.W.C. on Sunday, July 26th at a Garden Party (by kind permission of Mrs. Jean Le Fevre) to celebrate the opening of their new Animal Sanctuary, "Shangri-La", Nettlestead Green House, Nettlestead Green, near Maidstone, Kent. The Vegan Society will be represented and hope that many members will try to come along and support this effort. Meet there from 2 p.m. onwards or book seats on a coach leaving the B.W.C. Boutique, 9a St. Mary Abbot's Place, Kensington High Street, at 12 noon. (Send 10/- to the Secretary, 2

B.W.C., Oakgates, Southborough, Tunbridge Wells, Kent.) Own sandwiches eaten en route if desired.

AUGUST. Mr. and Mrs. Molineux invite us to Glebe Farm Nurseries, Crowhurst, near Battle, Sussex, on the weekend of Saturday/Sunday, August 8th/9th. This will be a wonderful opportunity for vegans to get together for discussion, relaxation and fresh air and to enjoy Mr. Molineux's veganically produced home-grown vegetables and fruit. There is ample room to accommodate campers' tents and it may be possible to arrange indoor accommodation nearby for those who prefer it. Whether you are bringing sleeping bags and tents or spending just a day, please remember to bring good appetites and eating tools, and to let Mr. and Mrs. Molineux know in plenty of time if you will be able to take advantage of their very kind invitation.

SEPTEMBER. There will be a Vegan Stall at the Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show on the afternoon and evening of Thursday, September 10th, at the Hotel Russell, Russell Square, W.C.I.

OCTOBER. Advance notice of the Annual General Meeting, to be held at the Alliance Hall (next door to Caxton Hall), near St. James' Tube Station, on the afternoon and evening of Saturday, October 24th.

OTHER MEETINGS JULY. On Sunday, July 19th, at 2.30 p.m. at 49 Sunningvale

Avenue, Biggin Hill, Kent, by kind invitation of Miss N. Hosali, M.Sc., a Garden Party with Bring and Buy Stall.

2.30 p.m., Talk by Lawrence D. Hills, Gardening Corres-pondent of The Observer, on " The Henry Doubleday Research Association and Health." 4 p.m., Tea. 5 p.m., Talk by Mrs. H. Brooke on " Organic Food Growing in South Africa ". Tea and talks—5s. if you make your own way there. Or by coach at 1 p.m. (returning about 8 p.m.) from Allsop Place (near Planetarium), near Baker Street Station—send 15/- (includes coach, tea and talks) with s.a.e. to The Secretary, Nature Cure Clinic, 13 Oldbury Place, London, W.I., (WELbeck 2787) by July 15th.

PLEASE NOTE As production costs of " The Vegan " continue to rise, it has

been suggested in the interests of economy that our Society adopt a policy already pursued by many other societies, viz., that only one copy of the magazine be sent to a family living at the same address.

Will families who wish to continue to receive a second copy for passing on to friends or local libraries, the magazine Secretary, Mrs. M. Barker, Kingston, Surrey, in good time for the Autumn issue.

3

PUBLICITY Several times during last year and for the last few years also,

this Society has been fortunate enough to have a Vegan display at various functions. Sometimes, and always when these have been organised by Beauty Without Cruelty or one of the Vege-tarian Societies, the space has been a gift to the Society and we would like to take this opportunity of expressing our sincere appreciation of these very kind gestures and practical help.

We try to show some samples of the latest vegan commodities, especially shoes, a range of our current literature, and have some vegan cakes, rissoles, etc., with which to introduce the practical side of our way of life to the visitors who are often, but not always, lacto-vegetarians.

Always, without exception, the food section has been the most popular, and by attracting people to the stand, has given us the opportunity to discuss our ideas and ideals with them. (When the food is all gone, few stop to chat and make enquiries.) The sad thing is that we never have sufficient food samples to offer, although the " hard-core" who come along to help and bring samples, are invariably the same gallant (but cruelly overworked) supporters.

So how about it folks? If you cannot come yourself, a parcel of home-made rolls, bread, patties, rissoles, cakes or your favourite nut roast will be most gratefully accepted and be of great help to us in introducing veganism to the unconverted. (No " sloppy" dishes please.) Biscuit or cake tins travel best and these will be returned if requested and clearly marked.

Your next opportunity will be for July 26th, September 10th, and later on October 24th and the Animals' Fair in November. Parcels should be carefully packed and addressed to the Secretary or Treasurer.

Hoping to hear from you!

TREASURER'S REPORT FOR THE YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30th, 1963

This has been an exceptionally busy year due to the sales of "The Food Guide" and "Unnecessary Cruelties Among Farm Animals " plus the fact that we have had many reprints of other literature. You will therefore notice that, although the cash and bank figures in hand are not as great as last year, there is a large amount of stock in literature at cost price which we hope to eventually sell at a profit. Our donations, too, have dropped about £27 coupled with the fact that our secretarial and postage expenses have both increased roughly by £22 each. However, these last two items need not give unnecessary cause for alarm 4

as we feel that our propaganda work is spreading to a wider public.

I think it will be well if we realise that, before the 1964 sub-scriptions arrive on January 1st (always providing that you do not

t forget that important date) at least £140 will have been spent from the balance shown on the balance sheet.

In reading a report of 1952 it was interesting to note that no less than 420 reminder letters were sent. I am very pleased to report eleven years later that vegans everywhere appear to be more enthusiastic but, unfortunately, I was not able to send the

i sixty-eight necessary letters until after the end of the financial \ year. With your kind co-operation, it is hoped that even this . number will not be necessary during the forthcoming year. I It means that we have spent 17/- on postage alone that could [V have been saved, without counting the cost of paper and very i precious time. This is mentioned in order to prevent repetitions. I We again owe thanks to all our committee members from P whom I have not received one telephone account and to our [ hostess Mrs. Thomson and our host Mr. McCulloch, for the | loan of their rooms, thereby saving us more money. To Mr. L Batt, who gives us the full use of his office and equipment, we l are indeed grateful. Only those who work closely with his wife,

who burns his midnight oil, can fully appreciate what her 1 energy and vitality have done for the" society. During this year

she has learned how to deal with stencils for the sole purpose of saving money for us and we do greatly appreciate the many

! hours of work that she gives for the cause of Veganism. I To the editor, Jack Sanderson and Dr. Frey Ellis and every > committee member who has given so much without charge to

the society, I would like to say a big thank you. I cannot let the year end without mentioning the kindness of Mrs. Thelma le Grice who helped me with the final accounts and Mr. D. E. Bacon, who valiantly offered to cope as honorary auditor at very short notice.

The special accounts required for the Food Guide were dealt with by Mrs. Batt and audited by Mr. Sholl at the beginning of the year. Unfortunately he had to leave the district in the middle of the year and we lost a helpful member of the committee.

Before closing I would like to remind you that a new edition of the Handbook is now on sale together with other literature, and we hope that you will do your best to make all our printing widely known. And to members everywhere, thank you for your support which makes possible this work on behalf of the creatures.

See centre pages for Balance Sheet and Income and Expenditure Account.

COMMITTEE'S REPORT

A quick look at the past year shows a considerable amount of activity for such a small and widely scattered Society. Perhaps in an age which encourages indulgence, blind acceptance of ready-made ideas, and an apparently easy life of pre-packed thoughts, morals, foodstuffs and opinions, it is not surprising that there are few prepared to take the little extra trouble to think for themselves and make the attempt to follow a really humane way of life.

Nevertheless, sixty-one new members and subscribers have joined our ranks during the year, which, allowing for a few lost for various reasons, shows a steady increase.

The extra number of magazines sold helps to bring production costs to an almost economic level and if we continue as we are going, in a few years time the magazine will absorb a smaller proportion of our income.

Members can all help in this by introducing "The Vegan " to their local Health Food Store, Vegetarian Guest House and Library. A few more customers taking just a dozen a quarter would make all the difference to our finances as well as helping to introduce our ideas and ideals to a far greater number of people. There are, happily, many more showing an interest in our way of life today.

The Society was unfortunate in that Miss D. W. Simmons found herself una'ble to continue as Treasurer after December last. The committee unanimously elected Miss Simmons as a Vice-President in appreciation of her past services. She continues as our most able ambassador and never misses an opportunity to introduce veganism to people she meets. Mrs. Coles was asked to serve as Treasurer and this she has been doing with her usual thoroughness.

During the year Mr. Bonnie, Mrs. Collins and later, Mrs. Barker, have been helping with the envelope addressing, and Miss Frances Pearson has also been helping with the commodities.

On November 16th the Society had a stall at the B.W.C. Fashion Show at the Ivanhoe Hotel, Bloomsbury, London. Examples of non-leather footwear were displayed and samples of vegan meals and cakes were made and. brought along by members. Visitors were invited to sample these which they did with much pleasure.

On February 16th Mr. Molineux spoke of his experiences in Australia and in spite of the bad weather a very enjoyable evening was spent at Mrs. Thomson's home.

Members and friends dined and danced at Maxims Chinese Restaurant on March 15th, when over a hundred guests enjoyed a vegan meal, Chinese style. Jack McClelland who has been doing so much to prove the adequacy of a balanced vegan diet came 6

over from Ireland, and several other members and friends travelled long distances to be with us.

In April, again at Mrs. Thomson's, Mrs. Batt gave a very informal little talk on her travels in the West Indies and America illustrated with coloured slides.

In July Drs. Douglas and Monica Latto threw open their home and garden to B.W.C. for a Garden Fete, and the Society again had a stall where vegan foods and literature were for sale.

The September meeting took the form of a public discussion in the Lecture Room of the Public Library, Kensington, when the subject was "The Importance of Vaccination". The speakers included Dr. Gordon Latto, Dr. Irene Hood, Mr. P. R. Ord and Mr. Wilfred Risdon. The chair was most ably taken by Mr. Geoffrey Rudd. This was so successful that it has been decided to hold a similar meeting this year when the subject will probably be the adulteration of food and the necessity to press for more natural methods of both growing and preparing foods for health.

Various medical tests on vegans and others have been con-ducted during the year by Dr. F. Ellis, Dr. Frank Wokes and others like Dr. Heffernan and Dr. West. Reports of these will be published later in the medical press.

Publicity. Advertisments have been placed in the Daily Herald, Peace Ne\vs, World Forum, The Friend, The British Vegetarian, Ahinsa, The V.C.A. Guide, and Health for All. Also mentions of the Society or letters from our members have appeared in "Woman", The Enfield Gazette, The Young Vegetarian, Health for All, The People, The West Surrey Outlook, The Sunday Telegraph, The Australian Newsletter, The Observer, Enfield Weekly Herald, British Vegetarian and others.

The Publishers of the three largest dictionaries have been contacted and all have agreed to consider the word "Veganic" for inclusion in the next edition of the dictionaries. The word Vegan already appears in two of them.

Unfortunately we were unable to attend the May meetings in Carlisle this year, but we sent quite a few samples of vegan footwear for display, and literature for free distribution.

The Secretary addressed meetings of the East Surrey Vege-tarian Society and the Worthing Group of the Sussex Vegetarian Society during the year, on the vegan way of life.

The Food Guide continues to sell and is greatly appreciated for the help it gives to vegans and vegetarians alike. We obtained permission to reprint the article "Unnecessary Cruelty Among Farm Animals " written by the veterinary surgeon Mr. R. C. Straiton, in booklet form, and this is available to all members free for distribution. We hope all our members will help to get this as widely read as possible, for the terribly cruel treatment of farm animals, especially on dairy farms, in this country—today, is something which everyone, not only vege-tarians and vegans, should know about and be prepared to take

action against. One of our members, Mr. Alfred Brisco, kindly offered to help with the cost of printing—a big expense—which was, of course, most greatly accepted.

Another very kind gesture came from the Nature Cure Clinic in June when they offered the use of one of their rooms for our committee meetings, without charge. We are very grateful to them and to those members who have loaned their hom^s for meetings at various times throughout the year.

Our recipe sheets are proving very popular, especially with beginners, and are also a very useful, if small, form of income.

Naturally the increased membership, publicity, and public meetings are bringing increased interest in our way of life, but to the members of your committee they also bring more work.

While such extra duties as running our stall at various functions, and the catering tonight for instance, are willingly and enthusiastically undertaken, it would be a help if we had a few extra volunteers, other than committee members, to call upon in times of special need.

Duties would vary from giving a hand at the Animals' Fair to baking cakes for socials (not to mention washing up at the A.G.M.). So if anyone feels they have some organising ability or a passion for cutting sandwiches, and a few hours to spare now and again, perhaps they will send up their names later on, or drop a line to the Secretary.

We still have some vegan badges and if anyone is thinking of giving themselves a present, these may be bought during the refreshment interval.

ENGAGEMENT The engagement is announce stern Howard,

son of Eric and Ruth Howard, , Hitchin, and Mary Frances Pearson, youngest daughter of Dr. George Howarth

late Mrs. Catherine Mary Pearson of "Nan-Yoh", Chasetown, Walsall, Staffs.

RE-MARRIAGE HOWARD-HOWARD. (Civil ceremony 3rd 4th month).

25th 5th month: At Streatham Friends M Tilsley Howard to Mary Ruth Howard, of Hitchin, after 15 years apart and in celebration of their Silver Wedding Anniversary.

We were very happy indeed to receive notice of the above news. Ruth Howard and her son Friedenstern, and the latter's fiancee, Frances Pearson, have all made valuable contributions to " The Vegan " and have served the Society in many other ways. A marriage is especially blessed when the happy pair share so many of the vital things in life from the beginning. We share the happiness of all the Howards! 8

BABY PIN CUSHION by JANET E. LING , S.R.N., S.C.M.

The principle underlying the Vegan approach to life is surely a deep conviction that exploitation of the animal kingdom for food, wearing apparel, so-called sport (hunting, etc.), is basically wrong. The orthodox thinker (or is he a thinker?!) i.e., the man who follows the general pattern of current customary habits without question, is also helping to subject the poor helpless ,baibe to a form of exploitation. We all know about the awful thalidomide cases, but do we realize the complications that may arise in future years from the present custom of treating young Ibabes.

It may shock prospective Vegan parents to know that nowa-days before a babe is 8 months old he is subjected to no fewer than six injections. From my own experience I have known many babes to be fretful and generally upset for some days after these injections. The ironical approach by the average mother is to accept this as a normal reaction without in the slightest degree realising it is the babe's reaction to an unnatural process! Vaccination then follows at 12 months . ; . . this despite the fact that in the 25 years up to December, 1958, only two babes died of smallpox, whereas 102 were killed by vaccination! Here is the list of injections a babe is prescribed over the first eight months: —

At three, four and five months,—triple—embracing Diphtheria, Tetanus and Whooping Cough.

At six, seven and eight months,—Polio—oral. To continue, so called ""'boosters" follow for Diphtheria,

Tetanus, Polio, at 5 years. It need not be added that our two children (ages 2 and 4 respectively) have never had a single injection. Readers may not know that vaccine is produced by making hundreds of cuts on the bodies of living sheep. Filthy germs are rubbed into the cuts, the creature is tied up a week so that it cannot lick the sores. It is then slaughtered, and the puss is carefully scraped out of the suppurating vesicles, filtered, and introduced into the human body.

What is the Vegan answer? Rejection of the present-day injection craze is in itself only part of the answer. The Vegan approach must be more positive. Parents should not panic if their child happens to take on the symptoms of any infectious trouble persistent at any time. The child who is on a Vegan diet can be relied upon to throw the trouble off much more quickly than the child brought up on an orthodox diet. I have dealt in previous articles with various aspects of diet for children, and hope sometime in the future to write a little book on ithe subject. However, for the moment I am taking a resit from writing, and this will be the last in my series of articles in " T h e

9

Vegan " 'because (readers may ibe interested to know) I am expecting my third baby in the summer.

(We are very grateful to Mrs. Ling for her excellent articles. We wish her a very happy event and hope that she will soon be writing for us again —EDITOR.)

OUR NEW VICE-PRESIDENT Mrs. Muriel Drake was made a Vice-President of the Vegan

Society at the Annual General Meeting, 1963. She has been a pillar of the Society almost from its inception. She joined in 1945 and soon afterwards was co-opted on to the Committee, where apart from a short break she has served continuously.

For some years she was Secretary of the Vegan Diet Group and Health Council, taking part in the first tests on vegans by Dr. F. Wokes and with him sifting the data from three Question-naires which were sent out to members of the Society. During this time she wrote many articles in an endeavour to bring the practical side of veganism to the fore—one of the most valuable was a list of vegan alternatives to animal products.

Deputy President from 1951 to 1956, she went as a delegate to the I.V.U. Congress in Sweden in 1953, served on the Editorial Board from 1952 to 1959, on our Nutrition Council from 1957 to 1959 and has assisted the Plantmilk Society as Committee member and in other ways since its inauguration in 1956. Further service has included the arranging of the Vegan Society's stall at the Animals' Fair for five years, the holding of many happy socials at her house, and many more duties too numerous to mention.

Perhaps her two greatest tasks were still to come. During the years 1956 to 1959 she served the Society as

Hon. Secretary (quite the busiest job of all) and during this time got the "feel" of the Society, especially of those more isolated members who battle bravely against great odds. Perhaps this influenced her to open a Health Food Store in 1959 at Anerley in South London. She felt that in this way by trying to procure seeds, grains and many other vegan foods and goods which some vegans found difficulty in obtaining, and by instituting a postal service, that vegans would find it easier to obtain what is necessary for a well balanced diet. She moved to Blackheath in 1961 and in addition to the Health Food Store now runs a "Juice and Snack Bar" (opened by Lady Dowding) and stocks a wide range of B.W.C. Toiletries and Cosmetics.

Muriel has been one of the great servers and builders of the Society and has played a key part in its development and growth. Long may she continue to do so!

(An appreciation of Miss M. Simmons, appointed Vice-President at the same time, will appear in our next issue.) J.S. 10

The Editor was privileged to hear the following two talks delivered to the Theosophical Order of Service at 50 Gloucester Place, London, W.l, on April 17th, 1964, and kind permission has been received to print this article.

VIVISECTION EXPLODE THIS MYTH

1.—The Moral Aspect by COLIN SMITH (Assistant Secretary and Youth Organiser

of the National Anti-Vivisection Society).

I am going to try to give you some idea of our reasons tEor opposing vivisection from the moral aspect and will leave Miss Hamilton Andrews to do the real "exploding"—.by telling you why we believe animal experimentation to be devoid of worthwhile results and why we claim that it is an obstruction to progress.

To begin with I should like to explain that the word vivi-section comes from the Latin and, translated literally, means " to cut that which is alive ". The term is now used, however, to cover a much wider held and is used to describe all types of experiments on living animals which aie " calculated to cause pain ", and not only those which involve actual cutting operations. At the present time there are roughly four million such experi-ments each year in the United Kingdom carried out with the sanotion of the law, under an Act of Parliament known as "The Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876".

This Act gives little protection to the animal victims and is, in effect, no more than a veil drawn over the whole practice to anaesthetise the public conscience. How often do we come across the argument " Vivisection is all right in Britain because it is controlled by law and there are strict regulations to ensure that no cruelty is involved ". This is so much nonsense. The Act of 1876 is very cunningly worded and is full of loop-holes. Indeed I would go so far as to say that the position could not be much worse as far as the animals are concerned if we had no Act at all. We get reports of some really frightful experiments which have taken place in those countries where there is no sort of regulation, suoh as many of the European countries and the so-called " Iron Curtain" countries. It would be hard to think of anything more callous and brutal than some of these experiments performed abroad—BUT, and this is the point— they are no worse than many which are performed in Great Britain under an Act of Parliament which allegedly safeguards the animals and ensures that they are not subjected to cruelty.

Now why do we oppose experiments on animals? The answer

11

is a very simple one. Our fundamental objeotion to vivisection is because it is cruel and we refuse to believe that a system of investigation into human illness which entails the infliction of pain and suffering—and I would even say the veritable torturing —of living creatures can be right and moral by any decent standards.

Animal experiments outrage all the best moral standards and stifle those attributes of pity and compassion which all the great religions of the world so fervently advocate. Vivisection stands condemned because it involves CRUELTY, MEANNESS, TREACHERY and INJUSTICE. Let us consider these in turn.

CRUELTY

Vivisection is cruel—despite assurances to the contrary from some of the less honest experimenters—in the four following ways:

1. Even when the animals are completely anaesthetised during the actual experiment, there is almost inevitably much suffering for those of them that are allowed to recover conscious-ness after such operations—suffering which may go on for days and weeks while the animal is kept alive in unnatural confinement for observation.

2. There is acute suffering for animals operated on without anaesthetics, as thousands of them are, under easily obtained certificates allowing >the experimenters to dispense with anaesthetics if they can show that the use of anaesthetics would interfere with the results of the experiment.

3. There is also much suffering involved for most animals in the unnatural conditions in which they are kept—usually in cages, both before and after the operation.

4. There is also much mental suffering for many of the animals. This is especially so with cats, dogs and even monkeys, who respond quickly to affection and who are quick to sense the indifference of those who handle them as mere " material for experiments ". Many animals no doubt suffer much from terror and (in the case of animals used for more than one experi-ment) apprehension, for animals quickly learn to recognise the meaning of certain objects. As a dog or cat would know its own dinner plate so too he can learn to recognise instruments which had • tortured him before. And they no doubt feel an intense nervous dread at the approach of a human who has been cruel to them—just as they recognise and welcome human beings who have been kind to them and who they have learnt to know as their friends.

M E A N N E S S

Vivisection is mean because it involves taking advantage of the helplessness and defencelessness of fellow-beings much weaker 12

than ourselves to force on them (on the mere off-chance that some benefit to humanity might result) all kinds and degrees of suffering which we ourselves would shrink from having to endure and want to avoid.

TREACHERY

Vivisection involves treachery, because many of the experi-menters claim they often make friends with the laboratory animals and gain their trust so that they are easier to handle. And this is to me one of the most revolting aspects of all—they then betray that trust by mutilating and maiming them.

INJUSTICE

Animal experimentation is unjust because it forces on animals the consequences of humanity's transgressions against the basic laws of physical health—such transgressions often being the root cause of many of the diseases which afflict mankind today.

Throughout the world disease is found wherever there are bad conditions such as over-crowding in slums, bad sanitation, undrained swamps, foul air, wrong diet, malnutrition, the excessive use of chemicals for agriculture, and so on.

Animals have no part in the making of these conditions and surely to inflict pain and suffering on them to try to find remedies for the results of our own carelessness and shortsighted-ness is sinking to the lowest depths of injustice.

To take advantage of our weaker fellow beings in this wa^ and to give support to the dictators' plea that " Might is Right" degrades not only those who practise vivisection, but also those who tolerate it and allow it to continue.

2.—The Practical Aspect by DIANA HAMILTON A N D R E W S (National Organiser of the

National Anti-Vivisection Society). Colin Smith has admirably put to you the moral arguments

against vivisection. In my opinion they are irrefutable and it is an indictment of the standards of most of us that ethics alone will not persuade us to eschew this form of research.

Apart from the rather half-hearted quotation of certain care-fully chosen verses of Genesis, vivisectionists, not surprisingly, seldom attempt to answer the moral side of the question. Vivisection presupposes a philosophy of utter selfishness and is defended on the grounds:

1. that the results are beneficial to the human race; 2. that it is an indispensable research method; and 3. that no suffering is involved.

Let us start with the "benefits". Many eminent medical men have expressed grave doubts as to the usefulness of studying human disease by artificially inducing disease in an animal not

13

normally subject to it, and observing it under highly artificial conditions. Dr. James Burnet, M.A., LL.B., M.D., former Editor of the Medical Times wrote:

" Nothing I was taught regarding the results of animal research was of the slightest value in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, rather the reverse."

Dr. Robert Bell, M.D., M.B., F.R.C.S., former President of the International Cancer Research Society said:

" It is impossible to arrive at any satisfactory conclusion in regard to cancer in man by experimenting on animals."

From the Medical Press, 1950: " At Mill Hill there will be basic research into the cause of

cancer, stimulated and encouraged in an intensely scientific environ-ment. At Lincoln's Inn Fields, centrally situated among the great hospitals and in juxtaposition to the great research departments of the Royal College of Surgeons, there will be investigations on cancer

. as it appears in the human patient. This approach may well be the one which will lead most directly to knowledge which can be immedi-ately applied in practice and, as it proceeds, will give the most valuable information to surgeons in their treatment of the disease."

From the Medical Officer, 1955: " . . . . this brings us to record once more our sense of disappoint-

ment with the very limited achievements from a practical point of view of all the elaborate and expensive research undertaken over the last half century . . . . So far there is not much to show except the cigarette factor in lung cancer and similar instances on a much smaller scale in certain industrial examples. From the academic angle, a good deal has been learned about the genetics of mice and the chemistry of carcinogens, but the practically valuable observa-tions have not after all depended upon the academic approach. Field studies among populations at risk have provided the clue here as everywhere else."

From the Lancet, 1957: " Whereas there is much pathology in common between a guinea-

pig and a man suffering from generalised tuberculosis, and also between a rabbit and a child blinded by keratomalacia, the animal counter-parts of the chronic degenerative diseases of man either do not exist ' or have little relation to human disease." In many cases the adoption of drugs tested on animals for

the treatment of human disease has given positively disastrous results. Thalidomide is a recent example. There are many others. To take just a few:

Chloramphenicol can cause destruction of the pharynx, soft palate and mucous membranes of the mouth and tongue; multiple abscesses of the brain; micro-abscesses of the heart, lungs, ardrenals and kidneys; perforation of the duodenum; paralysis of the legs and lower part of the body; blood disorders including aplastic anaemia and a granulocytosis; and sciatic nerve injury. Leo Schindel, M.D., in his book " Unexpected reactions to modern therapeutics", wrote: " The fatalities accompanying chloram-phenicol .therapy, especially the occurrence of fatal aplastic anaemia, have at times sharply limited the use of this antibiotic."! 14

Chloromycetin therapy can lead to masculinization in female patients. Recently in the U.S.A. a woman who had suffered in this way was awarded damages of over £100,000 by a court.

Preludin, often used in slimming tablets, is suspected of causing congenital deformity.

Phenothiazine, present in many tranquillizers, causes retinal damage to the eyes.

Penicillin is responsible for an increasing number of fatalities. It heads the list of drugs which cause most frequently and most severely various hypersensitivity reactions.

Streptomycin. To quote Leo Schindel again: " In respect of side-effects and toxicity, streptomycin occupies a special position among antibiotics. There is hardly a side-effect accompanying the use of other antibiotics which has not been observed with streptomycin."

These and other drugs were introduced after exhaustive tests on living animals, at the rate of about two new drugs every week. When severe unexpected side-effects occur in human patients they are often withdrawn. In 1960 113 new drugs were introduced, of which 48 were discontinued. In 1961 81 new drugs were introduced and 30 discontinued. When you consider the side-effects of those quoted which are still in use, it is horrifying to imagine the side-effects of those drugs which were withdrawn!

Yet none showed dangerous reactions when tested on animals. With regard to the question of vaccination very impressive

figures are produced to show the decline in the incidence of certain diseases that were previously responsible for thousands of deaths every year. The decline is attributed to immunisation, vaccination, etc., although diphtheria was on the decline before mass immunisation was introduced, although often the decline of a disease in a country where vaccination is practised is accompanied by a decline in other countries where it is not, although often diseases like scarlet fever for which there is no immunisation have declined more sharply than others. There can be no doubt that rising standards of living and education and improved social hygiene have done more to combat infectious disease than anything else.

In recent years, imore babies have died from vaccination than have died from smallpox, and the few small outbreaks of small-pox which have occurred in Britain during this time have been started by fully vaccinated persons entering this country from abroad. The disease has then attacked both the vaccinated and the unvaccinated.

In terms of the lives of the millions of monkeys, sheep and other animals used in this work, the waste is futile and appalling. In terms of financial gain to the manufacturers, it is a very profitable business.

As far as my second point" is concerned—the indispensability

15

of the method to medical progress—what about clinical observa-tion which has produced the key to almost every significant advance in medical history; what about chemotherapy, film, and tissue culture to name but a few of the alternatives; what about computers (already proved more accurate in diagnosis than a panel of doctors in the U.S.A.). A few years ago anti-vivisectionists established a trust fund to aid research on humane lines. Known as the Lawson Tait Memorial Trust, this has already provided grants-in-aid for work on mental retardation in children and on conditions pre-disposing to diabetes and has given an award to a London surgeon for work on the origins of cancer.

And now to my third point. To say that the animals used in research experiments do not suffer is the most despicable lie of all. Possibly those who so persistently utter it fear that the British public would not tolerate vivisection for another day if they were not under the carefully-induced impression that it is all quite innocuous. I have worked in a laboratory and I know from my own experience the agony these creatures often have to endure.

Vivisection covers such practices as the following: surgical operations, e.g., the transplantation of organs from one animal to another or from one part of an animal to another part of the same animal (I read recently of an experiment during which a dog's kidneys were transplanted from its back to its neck, causing death in spasms three weeks later); freezing and attempted resuscitation; starvation or withholding essential elements of the diet; inoculation with poisonous substances causing such appalling diseases as syphilis; artificially inducing cancer; sending animals up in rockets; burning them; forcing them to inhale flames; drowning, crushing and " shocking" them; exposing them to atomic radiation and blast and subjecting them to poison gas. These experiments are carried on in a country where beating' a dog is punishable by a term of imprisonment or a heavy fine or both, under the Cruelty to Animals Act, 1876. The Act was full of loopholes then, when there were 300 experiments a year. Now there aire over 4,000,000 a year and the Act protects only the vivisector, not the wretched cats, dogs, horses, goats, sheep, -rats, mice, guinea-pigs, rabbits, birds and monkeys sacrificed in the name of Science.

The prime mover of the Bill presented to Parliament in 1876 was Lord Caernarvon, and there were high hopes then in humanitarian circles that the laboratory animals would thereby receive some measure of protection. However, owing to his wife's illness, Lord Caernarvon was away from the House for a month and during his absence a petition signed by 3,000 medical men was presented to the Home Secretary, asking him to modify the Bill. The. Bill was presented to Parliament in a drastically modified form shortly afterwards, rushed through without any 16

proper discussion and duly received the Royal Assent. Frances Power-Cobbe, one of the first anti-vivisectionists and founder of the Victoria Street Society (now the N.A.V.S.), wrote a little later: " The world has never seemed to me quite the same since that dreadful time Justice and Mercy seem to have gone from the earth." Her disappointment is easily understandable by briefly comparing the two Bills. Originally, no animal should be experimented on without an anaesthetic. Now an anaesthetic may 'be dispensed with if using one is likely to frustrate the object of the experiment. Originally, no animal should be allowed to recover consciousness after an experiment if it was likely to'suffer. Now no animal must be allowed to recover consciousness unless by not allowing it to do so the object of the experiment is frustrated. Originally no experiment should be performed on a horse, ass or mule; now these animals may be used for experi-ments if by not using a horse, ass or mule the abject of the experiment is frustrated. "You must obey the Ten Command-ments unless you find it inconvenient to do so "!

Nothing stands still for very long and the vivisection position in this country must improve or deteriorate. It might appear to have reached rock-bottom already, but indications of the depth of depravity of which men are capable reaches us from abroad.

Detailed reports have appeared in medical journals of Japanese experiments' on the brains of living conscious rabbits. The Russian grafting of the severed head of a puppy onto the neck of an adult dog received widespread publicity. The experiment during which the severed head of a young dog was kept alive on a salver by means of an artificial heart is, if possible, even more revolting. In the United States dogs are frequently used in experiments where, for example, their hind legs are crushed between the steel jaws of a Blalock Press under 500 to 4,000 pounds pressure and then strapped to a table for 12 hours; in experiments where they are half drowned and choked to death; in experiments where their limbs are smashed with rawhide hammers in order to produce a " shocked " condition and in many other equally obscene research programmes.

To those who would dismiss anti-vivisectionists as "sentimental cranks" I would ask, "'Is it really so ludicrous to feel pity for the weak and helpless, to possess a simple desire for justice and to deplore the tragic waste of time, money, effort and animal life on a practice the only basis of which is hypothesis?" Wei are a minority group, but gradually a minority becomes a majority. This was so in the case of slavery, of child labour, of chaining and flogging the insane, of burning witches. It will be so with vivisection. Progress would be more rapid if the majority were prepared to think for themselves.

I leave you with a quotation from the Times of February 7th, 1925: "When cruelty to animals has disappeared from the earth, cruelty to man will have disappeared with it."

17

COMMODITY AND OTHER NEWS B y EVA BATT

SPRING EDITION (continued) Commodity news this quarter is very mixed. Few new items

can be added to the food section, but there is outstandingly good news again in the footwear field, and we are very pleased indeed to announce two new toiletries from Beauty Without Cruelty.

Our readers will recall that attempts are being made to compile a list of preserves, etc., which contain only unbleached sugar or, if white is used, which has not been bleached with animal charcoal. Results to date have been very disappointing; some "raw sugar products" contain a percentage of white sugar unfortunately. We hope to have all replies in by the next issue and in the meantime we are very glad that sugar is something we can all manage very well without, for it certainly looks as if we may have to for most of the time!

Seaweed Limited, Taylor's Hill, Galway. Carrageen (for Blanc-Mange, Jelly, Cough Drinks). Seaweedmeal (for animal consumption). "Sea-horse" Lawn Fertiliser. "Sea-horse" Soil Conditioner.

Write to Seaweed Limited for further details.

Dornay Foods. "Chippies" are cooked in vegetable oil with salt added.

Atkinsons of Windermere Limited. All sugar confectionery except Butter Fudge, Marigold Fudge, Butter Toffee, Treacle Toffee, Rum Butter Candy, Rum Butter Bon-Bons. (All Atkinson's confectionery contains some white sugar and the refining agent is not known.)

Carson's Limited, Bristol 5. Mint lumps, Chocolate variety creams. We have no knowledge of the type of sugar used.

D. Politi and Sons Limited. Turkish Delight, Coconut ice, Coconut candy, Mecca fruits. All products contain a proportion of white sugar.

Remedies We have an assurance from Messrs. Healthcrafts, Worcester

Park, Surrey, that the source of B12 used in their tablets is "separated from the products of metabolism of various micro-organisms resulting from the growth of selected cultures". In other words definitely not from liver. 18

Kenneth Weston, Granary House, Burton-on-Trent. " Wheamol" Molasses and wheat germ tablets. Hi-Lift Molasses and yeast. Cuban Boy Molasses.

Messrs. Heath and Heather, in reply to our enquiries, state that "Melbroton" vitamin tonic is made entirely from non-animal ingredients, but that the extract of flower pollen has been collected from the plants by bees.

For the Vegan Gardener Chase Organics Limited, Gibraltar House, Shepperton,

Middlesex. Sea Magic. Chase S-M3. The new concentrated liquid Leaf Spray and Plant Nutrient (completely harmless to animals and humans).

Q.R. Herbal Activator. A properly made Q.R. compost heap is always teeming with healthy, vigorous worms. Q.R. helps to break down waste materials into sweet smelling LIVE compost.

Scaraweb Bird Repellant. A barely visible web of fine rayon threads which does not trap the birds. For the protection of fruit buds, seed beds, etc. It is easily repairable and stores perfectly if kept dry, yet rots away after use. Write to Chase Organics for ILLUSTRATED leaflets.

Cosmo' Products, The Lodge, Brantridge Forest, Balcome, Sussex. Cosmo Fertiliser.—Natural Plant Food; Fruit special1, Non Toxic. Cosmo Compost.:—Compost maker.

Replies to members' queries We are sorry to have to tell our members that the following

products are not acceptable for the reasons given..

Mitchelhill's Wholewheat Savoury—contains powdered milk.

Herb-Royal " Pusslets "—contain milk and fish.

Rayner and Pennycoofc—Tridella Beauty Cream—contains lanolin.

Thornton and Ross—Zoflora floral scented disinfectant— Messrs. Thornton' and Ross explain that Zoflora dbes not contain any animal ingredients; as far as they are aware, but some of the ingredients are obtained from other suppliers in a partly compounded: form, and they cannot be certain that no animal products are included therein. They continue, "Perfumes are rather complex, and if any animal ingredients were included, the amounts would be extremely minute."

John Dickinson and Company Limited. "Three Candlesticks" writing paper is surfaced with a dressing containing gelatine.

19

Toiletries from The Beauty Without Cruelty Boutique, 9 St. Mary Abbot's Place, Kensington High Street, London.

Four new Toiletries from Beauty Without Cruelty are particu-larly worthy of note to everyone, as well as vegans.

First—Hand Lotion. A non-sticky liquid suitable for day use with a really delightful perfume. This, I am told, is because only pure floral perfumes are used in all B.W.C. products—no added chemical ingredients. One ingredient, marigold extract, has remarkable healing properties. In elegant gold topped bottle.

The Hand Jelly also contains pure floral extracts and vegetable glycerine. This is expensive and very difficult to obtain, for as we all know, ordinary glycerine is a by-product of the soap industry and practically all soap is made from slaughter-house products. Best for night use as it is slightly sticky.

Rose Water. B.W.C. have been very fortunate in obtaining a special concession regarding this from a prominent perfume house in Grasse. It is the usual practice in Grasse to extract the floral essences through vats of heated beef or pig fat. But one house has been found where a unique method of using non-animal solvents is used. The rose water is an unadulterated extract of rose petals, and so far as we have been able to find out there seems to be no company in this country using only the pure unadulterated essences. It is a mild astringent and should be used as a tonic and to clarify the skin.

Bath Salts. All contain the natural oils of fruit and flowers. They tell me French Lavender will soothe the nerves, Siberian Pine will relieve muscle tension and the common cold, while Lemon Grass, on the other hand, is stimulating (I should try that in the morning sometimes!), Sandalwood with its Eastern atmos-phere can be used just for the pleasure of it.

What it is {Excerpt from Chemical and Engineering News—October, 1963)

Du Pont defines Corfam as a microporous and permeable coriaceous sheet material comprising a urethane polymer material reinforced with polyster. Unlike a plastic sheet, a cross section of Corfam is not uniform. It is built by a complex manufactur-ing process with synthetic fibres and polymeric binder, in a sheet of graduated density increasing from the under side to the top side.

According to W. D. Lawson, manager of Du Pont's Poromeric products division, Fabrics and Finishes department," clean-up and maintenance will probably be the most talked about and appreci-ated advantage of Corfam to the wearer. A good slogan for shoes of Corfam might be " They look better longer " he says.

Other advantages, Du Pont claims, are inherent " breath-ability ", flexibility, scuff and abrasion resistance, shape retention, 20

weather resistance, light weight, and colour fastness (C. & E.N., October 29th, 1961, page 15).

Research and development of Corfam has required 200 man-years, with much of this effort devoted to perfecting the final product. "All shortcomings encountered in the development of Corfam have been eliminated ", Du Pont says. " For example, in the early stages the material exhibited cracking along stress lines, and the ' breathability' rate was too low. Both of these shortcomings have been corrected."

'Footwear Once again footwear news is good, indeed it is doubtful if we

shall be able to continue reporting on fashion shoes as they will soon occupy too much space!

Perhaps the brightest outlook comes from the American developed material " Corfam " about which we wrote last quarter, and which makes such a good alternative to leather as it actually allows air to pass through.

In Chicago last October, the footwear industry of America was introduced to this new synthetic material developed by Messrs. Du Pont. This Company took 3,500 square feet of floor space at the Annual Shoe Fair to launch their new upper material, which looks as if they think it has come to stay! It is being made in several weights for different types of shoes.

The quantity of Corfaim will be limited for some months until the new Du Pont factory in Tennessee comes into full production in the autumn, but there will be some shoes (ladies only so far) available from.Clarks this spring.

Children's shoes will not be available until Corfam is specific-ally developed for them. It will need to have particular scuff and abrasion resistance for this purpose.

More than 15,000 pairs of Corfam shoes have been evaluated by consumers, laboratory technicians and manufacturers in America.

. Although Corfam has been developed specially for the foot-wear industry, Messrs. Du Pont can see many other uses for it in the future. Being a man-made material it can be adapted for belts, handbags, luggage, bookbinding, upholstery and even industrial belting.

When in full production, Corfam will be available in a variety of surfaces—smooth, napped, and five different " grains ", each one in a range of colours.

Lotus of Stafford. Here again a bright prospect is opening up. Ask for ladies' fashion shoes in Nylon Mesh, " Pattina", or " Supalon" wherever 'Lotus shoes are sold. All these have synthetic soles as well as uppers, tout certain models may have leather counter lining. Ask about this if you are not sure when buying.

21

Perhaps the best news from the Lotus Fashion Adviser is that this Company is now experimenting with synthetic materials for men's and children's wear and it is quite possible that a few of these will be ready for next winter.

International Shoes. Watch also for ladies' shoes with a " Feather Steps Exquisite Shoes" Trade Mark on the insole. <! This tells you it is a complete non-animal product. You may find these anywhere as International Shoes supply many retail shops.

Clarks of Street, Somerset. Examples of non-leather footwear available now from all shops stocking Clarks Shoes.

• Ladies' Models. "" Flickerstrap " in black brocade. Fancy court. inch heel—79/lid. " P e n n y " high heeled court in black patent—55/lid. "Spattaboots". Rainproof, cool, light-weight, snagproof. " Fieldway " model high boot in a choice of | fine colours. In washable fabric with 1 inch heel—55/lid. "Campway" model—45/lid. A similar boot with a shorter leg. "Wessex" evening shoes. "High Spot"—39/lid. "Destiny" —39 / l l d . "Roselight "—49/l id . and " Madison "—39/l id. AU are court styles in white satin. "Glance"—39/ l ld . is in white satin with sling back. "Cocktail"—49/1 Id., is a high heeled court with tow front and sling back in black dice or white satin. The same shoe in gold brocade is 59/1 Id. "Nightspot" is a classic court in silver lamd at 49 / l id . or gold mesh at 59 / l id . *' Domino" bow fronted court in black dice or white satin— 49 / l id . , or in gold brocade—59/lid.

Igloo Slippers. "Araby", "Fife", "Flirt", "Froufrou", "Mid-night", "Veldito", "Veldoro", "Sakari", "Pom Pom", "Pagoda", and "Pampelle".

Junior Shoes. "Jillie" in black, blue or red Torlon or white weave with instep strap. Sizes 9—3, 27/ l id .—33/ l id . Party Shoes. "Nandy B". "Kandi" silver or multi-coloured brocade, 19/1 Id.—25/1 Id. In platinum gold polyvel, 17/1 Id —22/ l id . Low heel. Instep strap. Sizes 9—3|. D fitting. "Playstar" party shoes for the toddler, E fitting, 4 — O n e strap. In silver or gold brocade—15/lid. "Trill" sandal in red Torlon. Sizes 5—10i. 27 / l id .—29/ l id .

Please note that some of the styles listed above are also made with leather uppers. Furthermore some may have leather heel linings and at the moment we do not know which ones these are, so shop carefully.

As there details oame in from Clarks just as we were going to press, there has been no opportunity to examine the models for possible errors in the copy. Readers should therefore ask the makers if they are not entirely satisfied on any point.

When we called at Clarks' London Office, Mr. Vernon C. Smart was wearing a pair of gents' Corfam shoes (not yet available 22

to the public, unfortunately) and he will be happy to answer queries concerning the non-leather footwear. Write to him care of Clarks Limited, 49 Berners Street, London, W.l, mentioning " The Vegan ".

For Men Overcoats. Stone-Dri Brand in grey or bronze foam-backed

nylon. Warm, smart and completely Vegan. From) Burtons. Foam-backed, Courtelle overcoats at around

nine guineas. Shoes. A new synthetic suede material for men's shoes made

by Du Pont has just been brought to our notice. The wearer stated he found them warm, comfortable and waterproof. They certainly looked smart enough. They were purchased from Freeman, Hardy and Willis and had "Burlington" on the insole— 32/6d. per pair.

Marshall Ward Limited. Can still supply elasticated Mocasettes. Ideal for comfort around the house or out of doors in fine weather.

Marks and Spencers. Brushed Bri-nylon house shoes for men and women. Some lined with orlon fleece in several good colours. Men's unlined—15/1 Id. Lined—21/Od. Women's— 17/ l id . P.V.C. house shoes for children—9/lid. Women's P.V.C. Bootees, black or gold—15/1 Id. P.V.C. mules—18/lld.

This type of P.V.C. with knitted backing is the softest thing ever for "difficult" feet.

Bata, 151 Oxford Street, W.l. One of our members recently bought a pair of brown, low heeled, "comfortable type" shoes with two-hole tie front—17/1 Id. They are giving very satisfactory service.

Fairway House Limited, 12 Neasden Lane, London, N.W.10. P.V.C. gloves by post. Ladies' or men's, 11/Od. post free. If you are having any difficulty getting P.V.C. gloves locally (which is most unlikely) several companies advertise them by post on a money-back guarantee. They are all well suited for driving, having a good "grip".

SUMMER EDITION FOOTWEAR

We have recently learned that Mr. R. T. Paget, M.P. for Northampton, has introduced a Footwear Materials Marking Bill which is meeting strong opposition from a section of the trade in this country.

23

Although for exactly the opposite reasons (the promoters aim to assure that man-made materials are not sold as leather while we must ensure that members do not purchase leather thinking it to be P.V.C.), we would support any plans to adequately identify the materials used in footwear as in anything else.

Since writing about the Corfaim Shoes in the Spring the first models have arrived, but alas, they are lined throughout with leather! ' Messrs. Clarks have replied to our protest that there is no reason why these should not be made entirely of Corfam. So we hope that they, or another manufacturer, will very soon produce a range of all-Corfam Shoes for the whole family.

The first Corfam shoes for men have just been delivered to some of the " K " shops.

Another development, Quox, is now being tested for shoe uppers. We understand that this material made by Bonded Fibre Fabric Limited, Henrietta Place, W.l, was the big talking point at the Harrogate Trade Show and, according to the Shoe and Leather News, experiments in Shoemaking with this material are to be made at Northampton College of Technology next term.

" Cirrus" expanded vinyl material is another- to ask about when shopping. It may be used in any type of shoo iby any manufacturer.

New Dunlop Models Ladies' Summer Casuals. Mallard, Peewit, Petrel, Thrush,

Linnet, Puffin, Jester, Woodpecker and Sparrow. Seaspray Sandshu's for all the family. Burgee Casuals for men, also Grip-Lynx and Max-Dri golfing

shoes for men and women. Tennis Shoes—Green Flash, Red Flash, Ventnor, White Flash

and Oxford Flash. Tenby and Whitby P.T. Shoes. Magister for sailing or cruising.

I have just been skimming through the Trade Magazine Leather, and what depressing reading it provides. Even the world market prices make grim reading when they consist of details of bull hides, cowhides, sheep, buffalo, goat and calfskins. One wonders what "pickled stouts" might be and " Hides, Heavy with substance ". Under " Imported Hides " is a line " Northern Nigerian Butchers " and "Unbathed Addis A'babas " Well, Well! Presumably " Butts ", " Shoulders ", Bellies " and " Extremes " are part skins, but one revealing section shows that " Calfskins— Newlyborn" fetch a higher price per pound than " Calves, Grassfed ", at least in Amsterdam. It makes one shudder!

There was, however, just one piece of good news. The duty 24

on imitation patent leather has been reduced to the level of patent leather. One cannot help wondering why it should ever have been otherwise.

The Briton Brush Co. Ltd., Wymondham, Norfolk. Just in time for this issue comes news of a general-purpose

paint brush made from Du Pont " Tynex " nylon filament instead of the usual hog bristles.

It is the result of considerable experiment with man-made fibres and severe testing in America. We read that in comparison with hog bristle, tapered Tynex has been proved equally as good for use with oil-bound paints and superior with water based paints. Easier to clean, safer against deterioration, water absorption and loss of shape or "spring".

We have a sample brush and shall take the very first oppor-tunity to try it out, although, of course, our main consideration is that here, at last, we have an article which owes nothing to animals and is moreover quite reasonably priced; | inch—2/3d., 1 inch—2/9d„ \ \ inch—3/9d. and 2 inch-^ /9d .

A good, firm step in the right direction Veganic gardeners will have been delighted to see the

announcement of a series of articles on this art by Dalziel O'Brien in the weekly magazine Gardeners Chronicle.

The first of these appeared on March 28th and this issue can be ordered from your newsagent. Do pass it on to a gardening friend, especially if he does not know about veganic gardening yet!

Chun King Products. Soya Sauce, Water Chestnuts, Bamboo . Shoots, Chinese Vegetables, Sweet and Sour Sauce, Mixin's.

W. and G. Brown. Barley Kernels, Quick Cooking Porridge Flakes, Oatmeal, Pearl Barley, Flour.

New Vegan Foods from Eustace Miles highly recommended. Appetex Savoury Pat£ l /6d. per tin, Appetex Plus Savoury

Pate 1/6d. per tin, Risotto 3/6d. per tin, Chic Pea Soup l /6d . per tin, Vegaloaf Savoury 3/3d. per tin.

Eto Foods Ltd. " Backin " Baking Powder, Vanillin Sugar, " Gustin " Corn Starch Powder, all Eto Essences and Flavourings (lemon, vanilla, rum, arroc, bitter almond), Pudding and Blanc Mange Powders (all flavours), " Gala " Chocolate Pudding Powder, " G a l a " Chocolate Pudding Powder with chopped almonds, "IMandella" vanilla powder with almonds, " Flana " dessert powder (vanilla, caramel, coffee, chocolate), Raspberry " Rote Gruetze", Sauce Powders (vanilla, chocolate), Cold Dessert Powders (vanilla, chocolate), " Fruttina " Pudding Powder (lemon-cherry, apricot).

(Continued on page 28) 25

1962 £ 77 67

I N C O M E A N D E X P E N D I T U R E A C C O U N T

EXPENDITURE

229

Secretarial Expenses and Duplicating Postage and Stationery Bank Charges ... General Advertising Sundry Expenses

Annual General Meeting '62 Expenses Less Receipts

Public Meeting re Vaccination. Expenses Less Receipts

Publications: — "The Vegan"—Cost of Printing Less Income from Sales £35 3 2 and Advertisements £29 2 1

16 27

6 <55

£487

Pamphlets—Cost of Printing Less Income from Sales

Contributions Vegan Badges Hire of L.V.S. Room Excess of Income over Expenditure

£ s. d. 99 7 10 99 10 11

5 16 4 46 12 1 11 16 9

3 3 6 2 15 0

10 4 0 10 0 6

270 10 2

64 5 3

94 5 0 85 5 2

263 3

206 4

£479 0

B A L A N C E S H E E T 1 9 6 2 LIABILITIES AND SURPLUSES

£ £ s. d. £ s. 745 Surplus Balance at September 30th, '62 758 7 10

DEDUCT Excess of Expenditure over Income for Year Ended 30.9.1963 81 10 9

SUNDRY CREDITORS

No amount is included in these accounts in respect of the Library owned by the Society

£758 £723 18

I have examined the above Balance Sheet and Income and Exp vouchers of the Vegan Society and certify that they agree therewith aa Treasurer: S. N. COLES. December 4th, 1963.

YEAR ENDING SEPTEMBER 30th, 1963 INCOME

£ s. d. £ s. d. Subscriptions 274 13 10 Donations 87 15 2 Food Guide—Net Income from Sales 10 0 1 Profit on Sale of Vegan Badges ... 1 19 5 Annual Dinner—Sale of Tickets ... 87 1 3

Less Cost 75 6 6 11 14 9

Interest on P.O. Savings Bank Balance 11 6 8 Dr. Ellis Research Fund Collections at Lectures and Socials ... Receipts in Respect of Food Guides ... Sales of Literature Excess of Expenditure over Income

Transferred to Balance Sheet ... 81 10 9

87 £479 0 8

I SEPTEMBER, 1963 62

STOCKS AT C O S T " The Vegan " Food Guides

Literature Vegan Badges

29 32

A S S E T S

SUNDRY DEBTORS BALANCES AT BANKERS

150 Post Office Savings Bank 147 Westminster Bank Ltd.

Current Account

58

£ s. d.

9 14 8 31 14 3

149 15 11 29 11 11

361 6 8

126 4 7

d.

220 16 9 15 10 0

487 11 3

£723 18 0

sount for the year ended September 30th, 1963, with the books and tie information and explanations given to me

Signed D. E. BACON, Certified Accountant, Hon. Auditor. Hayes Lane, Kenley, Surrey.

Jus-Rol Vegetarian Puff Pastry (puirple wrapper), Shortcrust Pastry (blue wrapper).

The Wholefood Shop, 112 Baker Street, W.l, has sun dried currants and prunes in stock (writes one of our members). This shop is well worth a visit if you have not been there yet.

Granose "!' Swiss-Cup ". A cereal " coffee-flavoured " drink, is 100% caffeine free and contains no dried milk, etc. 3/- per tin from all Health Food Stores.

Allinson Ltd. In reply to several enquirers, Messrs. Allinson do use eggs, butter and milk in their cakes, minoe pies and Christmas puddings.

Schmitd's (London) Ltd., 41 Charlotte Street, W.l. VAP Dessert Powder in various flavours is acceptable to

vegans as it contains Agar Agar instead of gelatine. One of our members tells us it is excellent made up with vegan " milk ".

We have an assurance from Messrs. Alfonal that their un-sweetened Health Fruit Juices, blackcurrant and grape, and passion fruit juice, are free of gelatine or chemicals and consist of only the pure fruit juices.

White sugar; is it ever acceptable to vegans ? We all know that charcoal is used in the process of bleaching

sugar, and that various types of charcoal may be used. It is extremely difficult, however, for us to find any white sugar for which some animal-based charcoal has not been used in the processing. Companies using bleached sugar in biscuits, cakes, etc., etc., do not normally know the method which has been used by the refiners.

We regret therefore to announce that for this reason we are unable to publish, as we had hoped, a list of foods which contain only sugar which has been bleached with vegetable charcoal.

This is not very serious, however, as white sugar is something we are very much better without, so we shall print instead, as frequently as possible, the names of those foods which contain only unbleached sugar such as: —

Eustace Miles Foods. White sugar is not used at all. National Association of Health Stores. Preserves, no white

sugar used. Kenya Coffee House. Kenco Marmalade contains no white

sugar. Thomas Mitdielhill. "Country F a r e " and Melo Crisp

biscuits do not contain any bleached sugar. 28

W. Prewett Wholemeal biscuits are made with Barbados sugar and syrup. They tell us that the use of glucose has now been discontinued in these biscuits.

Carter Bros. Oligen. Malt extract with vitamin D. This can replace malt and cod liver oil when extra vitamin D is needed.

Also from Carters: — Vitamin E Capsulettes with natural D-Alpha tocopherol (from

vegetable oils), Soya Bean Oil (first cold pressing), Bryst Brewers Yeast Powder and Tablets, Tricodyn Triple Rheumatic Treatment, Neoklenz gentle laxative, Mothereze Raspberry Leaf Tablets for natural and easy childbirth.

Organic Vitamin Company are pleased to assure our readers that their 10 micro-gram potency Vitamin B12 tablets are entirely suitable for vegans. Note: This does not apply to the 25 micro-gram potency product because of the inclusion of the intrinsic factor which is an animal substance.

They also remind us that B12 tablets should always be eaten with B vitamin foods.

The Care of the Teeth is the name of a very useful leaflet from The British Weleda Co. Ltd. It should be of vital interest especially to parents. General and basic information covers Preventive Dentistry, General Health, Mastication, Whole Foods, The Danger Foods. Plus details of Weleda Dental Creams, etc.

Write to (Littlehurst; East Grinstead, Sussex), for a copy, you must know someone who would benefit from it.

Footwear Members have written to say how pleased they are with

the new Pattina fashion shoes from Lotus. One pair, ("Caprice") proudly displayed by a member, was in two colours and had velvet quarter linings in place .of the usual suede heel grips.

Bury Boot and Shoe Co. Once again the new catalogue con-tains several vegan models in the broad-fitting " comfortable" styles.

W.257 has rayon basket weave uppers for the warm weather. 2-hole tie fastening, deep fitting seamless vamp, cushioned sock at heel, microcellular 1 inch heels. Extra broad fittings. Coffee and cream colour. Sizes 2—9, 24/6d. plus 2/- postage.

M34 Canvas casual is still available, also W142 and W259 remain in the Brochure (See previous issues of " The Vegan ").

W368. A new no-seam low opening softie tie shoe. Broad fitting in imitation sueded pigskin. 1 inch heels. In olive green only. Sizes 2—9, 32/3d. plus 2/- postage.

W372. Another new model. Casual style with low " V " 29

cut front and little bow trim (plastic). Cushioned rubber soles. In mushroom shade only. Sizes 2—9, 15/3d. plus 2/- postage.

Why not send s.a.e. to Bury Boot and Shoe Co. Ltd., Brandlesholme Road, Bury, Lanes., for regular free catalogue? Please mention this magazine.

We have news from a member in Sussex of some comfortable vegan shoes called Elcho Cushenette and made from Storeys Norzon. They come in black or beige in either casual or tie style. Some part numbers this year are 6753-5 and 4753-5.

Our member bought hers from Messrs. Thorpe and Sons in Crowhurst, but they should be generally available throughout the country.

Men's Wear Marshall Ward Ltd., Bridgewater Place, Manchester 4 (Mail

Order). Here are a few samples of vegan items available: — Lightweight Suit in blended Tricel/Viscose/Nylon. Midnight

Blue. £10 10s. Od. Two Piece Suit. 85% Rayon reinforced with 15% Nylon

for extra strength. Multi-colours Fawn-Lovat check pattern. Three button single breasted £8 15s. Od. (This includes a leather belt which members will not require!)

Single breasted two piece in 55% Aorilan/45% Rayon suiting (No leather belt!) around £11 Os. Od. according to size. Lovat or Charcoal. Also slacks, jackets and youths' clothing in blended man-made fibres.

Write direct for address of your nearest agent, and full details of these and other non-woollen suits.

Mrs. Steel who can supply many vegan commodities to order by post (see Spring, 1964), now tells us that she can get several styles in suits for men and youths to order which contain no wool or hair.

Write to her for details, 39 Winkworth Road, Banstead, Surrey.

Typical examples are: — Man's three piece suit (two pairs trousers) in Courtaulds

" Loomlux " (15% nylon, 85% " Sarille") with " Dri-Sil " Silicone finish. Single breasted, two buttons, adjustable waist. In charcoal shade, £11 lis. 9d. for average sizes.

Youth's two piece suit in Rayon, jacket foam-backed, trousers belted, 15 inch ankle, in Bronze Shadow Stripe £8 9s. 9d.

Nylon and Cotton or Terylene and Cotton raincoats from £8 3s. 8d. Available in several colours.

Cotton and Polyester Raincoat £7 14s. 7d. Mrs. Steel also recommends a casual shirt which comes in a

choice of two dark shades and has the handle of very fine wool. 30

Unlike wool, however, it can 'be washed repeatedly and still retain its fit and soft finish. Sizes 37 inches—39 inches 30/-, 40 inches—42 inches 32/-. Bri-Nylon casual shirts 54s. 4d. in men's sizes. Slightly more for larger sizes.

For the home dressmaker. Materials by the yard suitable for skirts, slacks and shorts from J. W. Coates and Co. Ltd., Nelson, Lanes., who advertise remnants of Terylene/Rayon suiting in dark shades, in 1 to 4 yard lengths at 20/- per yard. Send direct for current list.

Gloves We have just seen a pair of synthetic leather unlined gloves,

from the British Home Stores. They can be had in black, white or brown, 5 / l i d . per pair.

Handbags Although there are ample supplies of mock-leather handbags

in the shops, the quality has improved to such an extent that it is often extremely difficult to distinguish the humane article from "the real thing". With cheap foreign leathers everywhere one cannot always go by the price, so it may be useful to know the brand names of fancy goods which specialise in non-leather articles.

"Lanca" Handbags. All but a very few of these (only 3% which are easily recognisable) are made without any leather or other skin. Every bag bears the " L a n c a " label.

Blankets in the new fibre Ulstron. These consist of 100% man-made fibres and are delightfully

soft, light and warm. Non-shrink, of course, also drip-dry, moth-proof and rotproof. Available also in a cellular weave by "Celair ic", "Corona" , "Golden Ram" , "KameUa", " L a n -Air-Cel" or "Royal Rose".

Household products. Copydex is vegan.

Letter from a grateful reader— "After reading your article in the Jan./Feb. 'Vegan ' I

visited Mrs. Middleton-Lewis at her Salon, and she really does make one feel rejuvenated—and I fully endorse all you said of her treatments.

I hope that all vegans who are able to will take advantage of this lady's undoubted skill in remedial therapy and other forms of specialised treatments which are fully dealt with in her brochure."

From a grateful " not-so-young". (Name and address supplied.)

31

We occasionally get letters asking whether one can get such things as "viol in" strings which have no connection with slaughter-house products. We are happy to ibe able to give an assurance that such humanely produced articles are available. Strings are often made of fine wire, and " bowhair " can be of nylon. " These are used by some of the greatest players " writes one of our members to whom we are indebted for this informa-tion, and he adds " Alfredo Campoli says he will never use any other ". The nylon ibowhair may be obtained from: Messrs. Rose, Morris and Co., 78/85 Paul Street, London, E.C.2.

What is your hobby? My latest one is collecting new recipes from radio, magazines,

newspapers and friends and " adapting" them to suit vegan principles. This needs considerable ingenuity at times (and is sometimes quite impossible of course) but my family is reason-ably long suffering (though not in silence) and a few really delicious dishes have eventually emerged.

I am sure that many more of our members also have their " home-produced " favourite recipes which they would like to share with others. Later on we hope to publish the most popular ones in our own recipe book, when we have the time (and necessary cash) to produce this.

Please give full details of measurements, method of cooking, time and heat, and write or print clearly. If your recipe is enclosed with a letter, please put it on a separate sheet.

Our recipe sheets have been increased in number and some of them now incorporate suggestions sent in by readers. Now ten sheets (140 recipes) 'but no increase in price—1 /9d. only, post free. If you don't have a recipe to contribute you can still help 'by sending in your suggestions for varying and improving our current lists. This cookery service is particularly helpful to newcomers to veganism and is greatly appreciated by them. Later they will probably learn to prefer most foods raw, but will still need to cook for others from time to time and such dishes should be as tasty and appetising as possible.

Sausage Supreme Vegan version. Serves 3.

1 small tin sausalatas. 1 tin peaches (white are

best for flavour).

\ cup unpolished rice. Saltspoon sea salt.

(For the sauce) Good tablespoon curry 1 apple chopped.

Level teaspoon cornflour. Vegetable cooking oil. Wineglass of lime juice (or

powder. 1 medium onion. Bay leaf. Small handful raisins. dessertspoon lemon juice).

32

Wash rice and boil fast in salted water for about 10 minutes. Then allow to cook very slowly for 1 hour adding water as necessary and stirring occasionally. (Double saucepan is best if available.)

In the meantime remove jelly from sausalatas and brown on all sides (grill or shallow fry). Drain peaches and brown them in a little cooking oil (ovenproof glassware is very nice for this). Keep sausages warm. Chop and fry onion and then add curry and the other ingredients using the sausalata jelly and the peach juice. (Members probably have their own pet recipe for curry as tastes differ widely for this.)

One member of our family likes to add also a pinch of ginger, a pinch of ground cardamons, a few cloves and carroway seeds and a few drops of Tamari soya extract. In fact almost anything handy.

Never allow curry sauce to settle as it will burn easily. Tlransfer rice to a wide, shallow serving dish ,and pour over! curry sauce. Arrange sausages and peaches on top and serve with green vegetables or side-plate salad and mango chutney.; For added colour and nutritional value push sprigs of water-cress into the dish all round the edge (like a hedge).

Pineapple may be substituted far peaches if more convenient.

Do you like a sweet breakfast. Try this— One tablespoon of Dapple in a small bowl. Sprinkle on a

generous tablespoon Wheat Germ, cover with Fru-Grains. Serve with nut milk or cream.

There are many variations of this. Dapple can be replaced with blackcurrant juice, maple syrup, soaked prunes or apricots, or grated apple.

Fru Bran or any whole grain breakfast cereal can be used in place of Fru-Grains.

We had so many people writing to ask for details of a hand-operated corn mill, we sent to John Harper for their latest list and cunrent prices.

The Beatriz corn mill No. 1761 (45/-) is designed for home use, will grind 6 ozs. of corn or maize (wet or dry) per minute, and clamps onto any kitchen table. The specially hardened Meehanite cutters can be easily adjusted for coarse or fine meal. Write to John Harper and Co. Ltd., Albion Works, Willenhall, Staffs., for illustrated leaflet of Food Mincers, etc., if not locally available.

OBITUARY We very much regret that, since our Spring issue in which

reference was made to Rachel Carson's powerful book on poisonous insecticides, the writer has since passed away. The world greatly needs thinkers and writers of her power and courage and she will be greatly missed.

33

THE MAY MEETINGS 1964 This year the Vegetarian Conference, organised by the

Vegetarian Society and the London Vegetarian Society, was held at Colwyn Bay on May 9th, 10th and 11th, under the auspices of the North Wales Vegetarian Society. Once again the Vegan Society was invited to send representatives, and this year we were offered space in the Pier Pavilion for the display of vegan food and clothing and the sale of our literature. Of course, this offer was gratefully accepted and your Secretary, Treasurer and Mr. Batt were pleased to represent our members and put the vegan viewpoint.

The Conference was very well attended and1 began with potted reports from over 25 delegates who spoke of the activities of their Society in the past year and brought attention to their particular problems and how these had been tackled.

Of the 250 or so guests, we met over 20 vegans, mostly representing other Societies on this occasion, which pleased us very much.

Lady Dowding opened the proceedings and spoke of the too-little-known cruelties involved in the production of cosmetics and toilet accessories and told us how the members of Beauty Without Cruelty are tackling this problem in a positive way by introducing a range of beauty aids which are 100% pure, wholesome, and humane.

Mrs. Batt spoke about the new plantmilks and recent develop-ments in footwear, particularly Corfam and Quox. She called attention to the number of vegans present, none of whom showed any signs of immediate collapse!

Another delegate said in her remarks that vegetarians who drink milk are jointly responsible for the continuance of slaughter houses, and during a discussion on the importance of having eggs marked to distinguish the "free-range" from "battery" or "deep-litter" products, Mrs. Coles reminded us how vegans solve this problem of cruelty to hens very simply—by refusing them all.

Mr. Geoffrey Rudd paid: tribute to the Food Guide and thanked the Vegan Society for undertaking the bulk of the research work which went into this.

On. Monday, Mrs. Isobel James gave one of her cookery demonstrations which are justifiably popular and we were pleased to note that almost all the recipes were vegan or could be simply adapted to vegan standards. Later during the Brains Trust, Ruth Harrison, author of the revealing book " Animal Machines", said that in the case of those baby calves who are slaughtered at birth in the cause of milk production, we should all be vegans to be really consistent.

The Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show was the biggest public attraction and all the available seats in the Pier Pavilion were filled in spite of the near gale outside. 34

I

On Sunday, accompanied by the indefatigable Mr. Edward Banks, we lunched at Penmaen Park with George and Jeannie Lake, and followed this with a short mountain walk. We thought readers would be interested in the luncheon menu, which follows, together with the recipe for the nut roast and also their favourite method of making soya cheese.

Tributes were paid to all those concerned with the preparation and smooth running of the three-day meetings which must have represented much thought and hard work for those responsible.

Menu Pineapple Cocktail Hazel Nut Roast-

Cauliflower and Peas (Grays peas contain no preservatives)

New Edward Potatoes Apple and Clove Sauce

Brown Gravy Horse Radish Sauce

Cashew Nut Cream Mould and Bilberries (Jellied with Agar)

Dandy Coffee

Hazel Nut Roast 1 cup ground Hazel nuts. \ cupful chopped cooked

cups Sunnybisk or onions. Shredded Wheat. Pinch sage.

1 tablespoonful Soyolk. £ cupful chopped parsley. One chopped tomato.

Mix and bind ingredients with liquid Velactin, and roast in corn oil or Sunflower seed oil.

Plas-Y-Coed Vegan Cheese 1 cupful Soyolk. teaspoonsful lemon £ lb. Tomor Margarine. juice. i teaspoonful Agar. Pinch of salt. Mix together with liquid Velactin into dough-like mixture,

press in small basin, cook in pressure cooker or in pan of water in oven for one hour.

35

ANIMAL MACHINES Ruth Harrison's book of this title reviewed in our Spring issue

has made a tremendous impact on public thinking on modern farming methods and its products, and the Press, television and radio have so featured Mrs. Harrison and her book as to have provoked a great reaction and ferment in the agricultural world. To combat this reaction and the propaganda that is being put out by the heavily committed vested interests concerned, all possible means of bringing the facts before the whole of the public and of keeping them there should be used by all who have the welfare of mankind and the animal creation at heart.

1. Buy one or more copies of the book specially to hand round and make sure your local libraries have copies.

2. Introduce the subject whenever you find yourself able to do so, e.g:, ask " What do you think of Ruth Harrison's book?"

3. Discuss the book at 'W.I. and other group meetings. 4. Above all, write to your M.P. (and the rival candidates

at National and local elections) and ask him, in view of the facts in the book, for his views on the following:

(a) an amendment to the Protection of Animals Act to ban the grosser cruelties involved in intensive methods ;

(b) the labelling of all foods so as to disclose the non-nutritive additives, the hormones, anti-biotics, dyes, pesticides, chemicals, taste extracts, etc., used in rearing animals for food, and in the adulteration of food.

(c) the Government to put up the money for independent and unbiased research into the nutritive value of food pro-duced by such methods, and into the effect on man of all powerful drugs used therein. (We as consumers have the right to be assured of concrete

proof of the safety of these methods. Available evidence tends to be against the use of these drugs.)

5. Write to your local and National newspapers and magazines.

6. Further, enquire from the new G.L.C. (or your own local council) as to the source of the animal foods used in their School Meals service, and similarly ask for assurances from cafes, restaurants and shops.

7. Join the massive petition being prepared for presentation to Parliament by Mrs. Newman of Bromley, Kent, and lastly let us know of any other useful ways that will serve our purpose.

Although the Minister of Agriculture has felt compelled to set up an inquiry into Intensive Farming Methods, we can be sure that the powerful interests concerned will be working hard behind the scenes and will only submit to overwhelming public pressure from all directions. Our aim must be to mobilise this pressure. J.S. 36

THE LADY DOWDING AND Mr. & Mrs. JOHN LE FEVRE

welcome you to the

Opening of Shangri-La (The Beauty Without Cruelty

Animal Sanctuary)

and Garden Party At NETTLESTEAD GREEN, Nr. MAIDSTONE

On SUNDAY, JULY 26th at 3 p.m.

To be opened by

MRS. RUPERT DAVIES (Maigret's Real Wife) supported by

JOAN M I L L E R of Stage and T.V. fame E L S P E T H D O U G L A S R E I D ' S One Woman Theatre

T O M CORBETT , the famous Clairvoyant and many other well-known people

Tea Bar Stalls Clairvoyants Fashion Show Vegan Society Stall

A D M I S S I O N . - - - A D U L T S 2 / - . C H I L D R E N 6 d .

Proceeds in aid of Beauty Without Cruelty (Registered Educational Charity)

Train leaves Charing Cross at 1.10 p.m. (front part) Book 10s. 6d. excursion to Maidstone, getting off at Paddock Wood Station, where transport to Shangri-la will be waiting.

Alternatively, a coach will leave Kensington for the Garden Party. Return ticket 10/-. Please book early for a seat in the coach. Parking facilities available for cars, and route will be sent on request. It will greatly help if you will apply for tickets early to: Lady Dowding, Oakgates, Southborough, Tunbridge Wells.

NO ROOM FOR COMPLACENCY "iBattalions of vested interest are concerned to defend

practices which pay handsome dividends. The fact is that an increasing contempt for lower forms of life may be leading us, especially in an agnostic age, to a contempt for man himself. How big a step is it from the broiler house to i/Auschwitz?" (From review of Mrs. Harrison's book, Manchester Guardian Weekly, 12.3.64.)

The news that the Minister of Agriculture is to institute an inquiry into intensive farming methods is welcome in that it shows that the Government have at long last had to bow to public opinion on this issue. We know that as a result of our Humane Farming Campaign, Members of Parliament and the Ministry have been bombarded with letters against factory farming methods asking for an amendment to the Protection of Animals Act, 1911, and the compulsory marking of broiler and battery produce. The Press and television publicity after publication of " Animal Machines " made it imperative for the Minister to do something at last.

The setting. up of a Committee leaves no room for com-placency, however, and must not be allowed to lull the public into believing that all is now well. The contrary may be the case if " battalions of vested interest" are allowed to sway the issue. We are urging our supporters to intensify their efforts to inform the public and enlist their help. We have to create a solid body of public opinion with the power to withstand the dictates of such " battalions ".

VEGFAM All readers will have heard of Oxfam, but many will not

have heard of Vegfam, the first charity (registered in 1964) to provide exclusively vegan food to the hungry. • The founder trustees feel that many vegetarians and vegans would like to give to support the hungry, but some are reluctant to do so on account of the flesh foods which are frequently distributed. All the money donated by others will be used actually to buy fruits, nuts and vegetables on the wholesale markets in conveniently situated districts in India, as the trustees are working without salary or expenses—in fact, up to now all expenses have been paid by their donations and they expect to cover the cost of transport and administration, etc. This is a most worthy cause, and you are invited to send crossed postal orders or cheques to VEGFAM, MIDLAND BANK LIMITED, ORPINGTON, KENT. Further information may be obtained from Vegfam, 12 Montpellier Spa Road, Cheltenham Spa, Gloucester.

38

Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Shows

London Fashion Shows A t T H E H O T E L R U S S E L L , RUSSELL SQUARE, W . C . I

On THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 10th, at 2.45 and 6.45 p.m. A Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show & Exhibiton Admission by ticket only (free). Apply early to The Lady Dowding, Oakgates, Soutlxborough, Tunbridge Wells. Applications dealt with in strict rotation. T H E VEGAN SOCIETY will be exhibiting.

Bristol Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show

At the Hall of the N E W FOLK HOUSE, 4 0 PARK STREET, BRISTOL

On WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23rd, at 7 p.m. At the invitation of the Bristol Vegetarian Society Enquiries for seats for this show should be made to Mrs. D. Robbins, 93 Muller Road, Horfield, Bristol 7

Oslo Beauty Without Cruelty Fashion Show

At OSLO KOMMUNALE HANDELSSKOLE, NORWAY

On FRIDAY, OCTOBER 16th.

CRUSADE AGAINST ALL CRUELTY TO ANIMALS

The wide publicity given to Ruth Harrison's findings about the broiler and battery systems in her book " Animal Machines ", has been instrumental in shocking still more of the public to an awareness of what is growing in our midst and has galvanised more people into supporting the Humane Farming Campaign launched in December, 1960, by the Crusade Against All Cruelty to Animals in conjunction with the Captive Animals' Protection Society. Since then the Campaign has stimulated a tremendous amount of public action regarding intensified methods of food production. Lectures, both public and to organisations of many kinds, circularising of Members of Parliament and specialised sections of the public, numerous letters to the Press and to people of influence, articles in journals, in addition to the constant dissemination of the H.F.C. leaflet " Cheap Food? Yes! But is it good food?", have all helped to swell the rising tide of public opinion which expressed itself forcibly upon publication of " Animal Machines ".

Our Humane Farming Campaign has stimulated correspond-ence in many sections of the Press and our literature has been freely quoted, thereby taking the facts to an ever-growing public who have been alerted to the urgent need for action against these evils. Clergy of various denominations have made Editorial comment in their magazines, preached sermons and distributed our literature. Some sermons have subsequently received excellent publicity in the Press. One supporter wrote some months ago: " I think there is a nationwide awakening taking place and I am convinced that your leaflets are contributing in no small way to this." A clergyman wrote: "'We do need a great Crusade. The farm trends are deplorable."

It will be of interest to readers to know that Ruth Harrison began her researches into intensified farming methods as a result of reading our leaflet " Cheap Food?" and in her early investigations paid a number of visits to broiler establishments with Crusade officials. It will be seen that several of the photo-graphs in " Animal Machines " are acknowledged to the Crusade.

HITTING THE NAIL ON THE HEAD . . . . We are often told that Crusade literature of one kind, or

another has had a profound effect on the lives of people and we know that as a result some have given up meat-eating—not because we ever advocate this in our literature but simply because the implications speak for themselves to those ready for this step.

Our literature does its greatest and most necessary work, however, in educating the ever-increasing number who receive it 40

SEVEN GOOD REASONS to use only

I N N O C E N C E

UNBOXED Toilet size

1/5

Bath size 2/9

BOXED Box of 3

Toilet 5 /3

Bath boxed 3 /3

THE BEAUTY SOAP SPECIALLY CREATED FOR YOU

y E G E T A R I A N

ENTIRELY ANIMAL FREE

QLAMOROUS

ECONOMICAL

QRUELTY FREE

O N L Y PURE VEGETABLE W OILS USED

CO BENEFICIAL TO THE SKIN

Also: — Complete Range of Beauty

Preparations For all Humanitarians and

Vegetarians approved by Beauty Without Cruelty

From Many Leading HEALTH FOOD STORES

and all BEAUTY WITHOUT CRUELTY

BOUTIQUES or by Post free

Mail order service from V E G E C O S B E A U T Y

P R O D U C T S L T D . 182 Hamilton Avenue

North Cheam Surrey

Send S.A.E. for Free Price List.

regarding the facts of man's cruelty to animals in many legalised forms, showing them how their lives are involved in such cruelty and how they can assist in achieving much-needed refonms. This is the vital first step which if taken by all civilised people, could help enormously in removing much of the present misery endured by animals through man's thoughtlessness and ignorance. We feel sure that all Vegans will want to help us in, our work of mercy. May we send YOU a selection of our literature and specimen magazine?

MARGARET A. COOPER, Secretary, Crusade Against All Cruelty to Animals.

Bounds Green Road, London, N . l l .

VEGANIC FOOD PRODUCTION On April 24th, Mr. Geoffrey Molineux gave an informal but

very interesting and well informed talk on his experiences with veganic food production on his land at Glebe Farm Nurseries, Crowhurst, Sussex.

Naturally there is a ready market in the village for his humanely produced crops and we all envied the fortunate few near his home who had the advantage of sharing and enjoying this nutritious, full-flavoured food.

However, he reminded us that on the weekend of August 8th—9th, we and our friends are all invited to Crowhurst. (Please let Mr. Molineux know well in advance if you intend accepting this very kind invitation.) Mr. Molineux expects to be able to supply veganically grown herb plants and seeds next year and hopes to make the town dwellers keen herb gardeners, even if it means just window boxes or indoor plant pots. Fresh herbs are a valuable asset to a meal both for flavouring and for their nutritional value. E.B.

SWIMMING Our member Jack McClelland will attempt to swim from

Ireland to Scotland (21 miles, and the coldest water round the British Isles) in July.

This was last swum in 1947 by the late Mr. Tom Blower. When Jack last attempted this swim with a Greek swimmer

he was injured in the leg and the other man lost his life in the sea through an attack of thrombosis. Last year Mr. Bill Pickering made the attempt but had to give up after eight hours.

It is not yet known whether the Lake Michigan swim will be organised again this year. The urgent need is a sponsor for this. Jack is quite willing to undertake it if a sponsor can be found and the attendant publicity would be of considerable benefit to the vegetarian movement in general and veganism in particular. 42

World Day lor Animals

Sunday, 4th October, 1964 PARTICULARS OF SERVICE AT COVENTRY CATHEDRAL

The Service will toe conducted by

THE PRECENTOR OF COVENTRY CATHEDRAL REV. CANON J. W. POOLE

The Sermon will 'be preached -by the REV. A. D. BELDEN, D.D.

The Lesson willl be read by THE LADY DOWDING

Recital on the organ at 2.20 p.m. (approximately) Mr. David Lapirie, M.A., F.R.C.O.

A Collection will be taken to defray expenses

For London districts, a special excursion train is being run from Euston, leaving at mid-morning on Sunday, October 4th, and returning from Coventry—departing between 5 and 6 p.m., arriving back at Euston about 8 p.m. The .return fare is not expected to exceed 22/6d. (it may even be a little less). Precise details will

be announced ilater.

Requests for tickets and bookings for seats on 'the train should reach the organiser (Charles Slatter, 47 Whitehall, London, S.W.I) not later Chan August 1st, and should 'be accompanied by a

deposit of £1.0.0. per person.

If orders for tickets and train bookings can be sent for parties it will help, but individual bookings will also be welcomed.

P.LEASE HELP TO MAKE THIS A MEMORABLE GATHERING

TALLY HO!

Tally Ho! and Tally Ho! What a lovely rustic scene. With scarlet coaits and baying hounds

And summer smiling fresh and green.

Tally Ho! and Tally Ho! The dreaded scent pervades the place

And small lives tremble everywhere, Preparing for the gruesome chase.

The pompous parson overfed Prepares to bless the joyful noon;

Maybe he sends a pious prayer, " Send us a victim, Lord, quite soon."

They talk facetiously and preen The hunting jargon floats around,

The chase begins and iron hoofs Bealt their dread requiem on .the ground.

Their quarry on the distant hill Is seen with shouts of View Hallo!

She slips behind the gentle slope; With blood lust mounting on they go.

Remorselessly the pounding hoofs And foaming hounds come on and on.

They sight the fleeting speck again For one brief moment then 'tis gone.

And nearer now through lairm and field The frenzied fiends come still more fast.

The safety of an earth is near But now her slender Chance is pastt.

The looming hedges hem her in, She faces her tormenters there

And now her bursting heart has reached The peak of terror and despair. "The Kill"—a little tawny wave

Sinks down inito the canine sea. A thousand teeth divide 'her fleslh

And end her hours of agony.

Oh! moon so luminous and pure That blossoms on 'the night so sstill

Could it have really happened here The horror of this senseless kill?

DOROTHY THOMSON.

APPETEX & APPETEX PLUSS VEGALOAF Two new and appetising pates made with natural, wholesome ingredients free from artificial colourings and synthetic flavours.

APPETEX is a delicate and subtly flavoured pate.

APPETEX PLUSS is seasoned with a touch of garlic and flavoured with wine to give a Continental zest.

Excellent on hot toast or with whole-meal bread.

l / 6 d . per tin.

A new concept in savouries that has been produced with the aim of giv-ing those who prefer a meatless meal a high protein vegetable loaf that can be sliced and served hot, fried or cold. Only the finest natural in-gredients have been selected for incorporation into Vegaloaf. Each variety is numbered.

(1) Blended with herbs and spices.

(2) Containing tomato.

3/3d. per tin.

CHIC-P-SOUP This original and exciting dish made from EasternChick Peas, Corn Oil and other valuable in-g r e d i e n t s is a n u t r i t i o u s a n d s a t i s f y i n g s o u p that can also be a d d e d t o s t e w s and curries

l / 6 d . per tin.

DELICIA DESSERT MOULDS : Chocolate—Coffee—Vanilla.

Set with Carrageen Moss, these in-comparably smooth and pure moulds are certainly the finest in the world. They contain no added starch nor any artificial ingredients.

l / 4 d . per packet.

(To make 1 pint.)

*

EM RISOTTO B r o w n n a t u r a l Siam Patna rice. M e d i t e r r a n e a n Pine Kernels, But-ton M u s h r o o m s and Tomato, to-gether with herbs, spices and corn oil combine to pro-duce an entirely new and delightful risotto. Hot, on toast, or cold, EM

RISOTTO can be used alone or with many savoury dishes as a filling. Recipes and serving suggestions are given on the reverse of the label.

3/3d. per tin.

EMSOY SAUCE A piquant liquid seasoning made from hydrolised vegetable protein, extract of soya beans and genuine sea salt. A few drops added to stews, pies and savouries will give your meals a distinctive appeal.

2 / - per bottle.

Specialists in

FOODS for

H E A L T H Y L I V I N G If you are one of those wise people who prefer to have N A T U R A L foods—free from unnecessary preservatives, colours, and synthetic flavour-ings—write for free Booklet to:

E U S T A C E M I L E S F O O D S CO. L T D . C O L N B R O O K , B U C K S .

I

18th WORLD VEGETARIAN CONGRESS, 1965 We are glad to announce that the next World Vegetarian

Congress will be held in England from August 27th to September 4th, 1965. The place chosen is The Hayes Conference Centre, Swanwick,. Derbyshire; it lies close to the picturesque Peak District with its many historic places of interest.

The Executive Committee of the I.V.U. recently met in Holland and were entertained by members of the Dutch Vegetarian Society and its President who welcomed the Com-mittee at the new vegetarian restaurant in The Hague—the Gezondheidhuis in Bankastraat.

Among the items agreed which are of general interest were: — Delegates should book through Affiliated or National Societies

paying a fee of £2 Sterling. Those with no National or Affiliated Society in their country, or those preferring to ibook direct to the I.V.U. in England, should pay a fee of £3—this with the intention of encouraging membership of the National Societies.

The daily programme might be on the following lines: 6.45 a.m., exercises, 7.30 a.m., service by a different denomination each day in the chapel, for those who wish to attend, 8.15 a.m., breakfast. Mornings and afternoons mainly devoted to business and lectures, but not mixed at the same session. Evenings for entertainments, films, dancing and social activities—these arrange-ments being possible with the Congress and accommodation being all together.

The British Vegetarian- Youth Movement (B.V.Y.M.) has agreed to arrange an international gathering of young vegetarians at the same time and place. It is hoped that the Vegetarian Cycling and Athletic Club (V.C. & A.C.) will stage some cycling and athletic competitions on an international scale and that attractive prizes will be awarded.

It is also hoped that sufficient support will be forthcoming from the British hosts to make it possible for foreign delegates (i.e., official representatives of the member Societies) to be offered free hospitality while at the Congress to offset their heavier travelling expenses.

(We hope 'that the Vegan Society will be well represented at the Congress and urge as many members as possible to set aside all or at least some of their holiday so as to be able to take part.)

HUMAN HEALTH AT STAKE The forced rearing of animals and birds in totally unnatural

conditions, on diets reinforced with drugs for speedy growth, and disease control, and the ultimate consumption by man of these conveyor-belt products is one gigantic experiment upon living beings, both animal and man. No-one yet knows what the long-term effect will be because practically no scientific research has been applied to it. 46

A thought-provoking article in the Sunday Mirror, May 24th, 1964, states: ". . . . pitifully little is known about the right way to feed human beings—although vast sums have been spent on finding out how to make animals develop fast and fat. There is not one institution in Britain with adequate facilities for research on what the human being should eat. Under the chairmanship of Lord Woolton . . . . a group of people are trying to raise the money to start a National Institute of Human Nutrition in Britain."

Good news indeed, and we wish the venture all speed for the sake of the public and the creatures now incarcerated in broiler-houses and battery cages. As long ago as September 13th, 1960, Adrian Monck-Mason, expert poultry adviser, wrote, in Farmer and Stockbreeder: " It may be that one day the effects of the medicaments we use will become such as to oblige the biologist to pronounce our drug-drenched chicken carcases to be unfit for human consumption."

Such research will take time, however, and in the meantime what is the public to do? As a result of our Humane Farming Campaiign a great many people have for a Jong time been seeking free-range produce of all kinds in preference to broiler and battery produce.

PREWETTS S T O N E G R O U N D F L O U R

Prewett's Stone Ground Flours are 1 0 0 % natural products, from which vitality and energy come as a matter of course to all who use these flours. Choose from Whole-meal 100% Compost, Wholemeal • 00%, Fine Ground Wholemeal 100% Compost, Millstone 81% Compost. In all cases Plain and Self-Raising.

Write for a copy of Prewett's Selected Recipes Ask also for VIGA-VYTE Natural Wheat Germ, WHOLEWHEAT BREAD

and P O R R I D G E .

Stir in Health and Vitality W . P R E W E T T LTD. , Stone Flour Mills, Horsham, Sussex

47

The consumer has the right of choice; also, the right of knowing exactly what is being offered for sale. At present many people buy broiler produce and battery eggs in ignorance because they are not marked as such. It should be made com-pulsory for all producers and retailers to indicate clearly which food has been produced by forced-rearing methods.

We have made the demand for compulsory labelling one of the main planks of our campaign since its inception (see " Cheap Food?"). We are now intensifying this aspect and will gladly send details to any enquirer.

EXPORT OF LIVE ANIMALS FOR SLAUGHTER With the world rise in demand for meat, more and more

animals reared in this country are being exported for slaughter abroad. This frequently involves cruelty in transit and further cruelty in the appalling conditions and methods of slaughter that obtain in some countries.

This type of traffic, apparently dying down after the campaigns mounted against it in recent years (e.g., the Irish horse-traffic), needs to be opposed again by every means in our power until it is stopped (or at least made humane).

TURTLES Many creatures on earth such as the whale are in danger of

becoming extinct. One such is the turtle and for the same reason .—slaughter by man for food—turtle soup is often regarded in the West as a status symbol.

A female green turtle lives nearly as long as man and lays about four to six thousand eggs in her lifetime. The South East Asians prefer these to hens' eggs which cost double the price. Although in Sarawak alone over a million eggs a year are taken from the turtles, precautions are taken there to preserve adult stocks by protecting some eggs during hatching and return-ing about 15,000 baby turtles to the sea each year. Unfortunately nearly double this number were brought into Europe alone last year. Whereas the South East Asians have a great taste for turtle eggs they do not kill the turtles. It is mostly the white man who eats the meat and he prefers to eat only about six pounds of it from each turtle of total weight about 100 pounds to 120 pounds. The growing demand for this meat and for turtle soup (popularise! for a century at the Lord Mayor's Banquet), and for other turtle products is rapidly leading to a situation where the green turtle (and smaller turtles which are being used as substitutes) will become extinct.

Unless indiscriminate slaughter gives way to controlled turtle farming as practised in Borneo, this creature which has roamed 48

The answer to

MILK ALLERGY is

GRANOGEN SOYA MILK

GRANOSE FOODS LIMITED STANBOROUGH PARK • WATFORD • HERTS

I

the seas for 200 million years and seen the dinosaur come and go, will be added to the long and growing list of man's failures in his dominion of the kingdoms of nature.

J.S. (Condensed by kind permission from a full-page report in the

Sunday Times of June 14th, 1964.)

READERS' LETTERBOX FROM THE EDITOR OF WORLD FORUM

Dear Sir,—The quick answer to Mrs. Viveash's query as to why there is so much emphasis on the spiritual! approach to a vegetarian and vegan diet, " the assumption being that the three are interlinked ", is that history proves that this assumption is correct. Only the most evolved members of the human race have practised and advocated a 'harmless diet—and that from the premise that all life is ONE (a spiritual concept) and that com-passion is a moral absolute.

As I show in my book, The Philosophy of Compassion, it was men of the spiritual status of Pythagoras, Empedocles, Plato, Gautama, Mahavira, Philo, Porphyry, Plotinus and Gandhi who have kept before humanity the need for a policy of non-violence towards man and beast. The animal and the animal man are not " naturally" compassionate. When compassion stirs in the heart it is a spiritual quickening, whether in atheist, philosopher or religionist; and if the impulse is acted upon, the individual begins to live on a higher level, i.e., to evolve. This quickening often comes as a result of the teachings of those evolved men cited above.

Those who try to separate humane living from spirituality are endangering the humanitarian movement, for in countries totally committed to scientific materialism, the humane outlook is a dangerous " deviation " and must necessarily wither and die. Nothing must hamper the scientists in their appalling experimenta-tions and, as we saw in a letter from East Genmany printed in the "British Vegetarian" (Jan./Feb., 1964), vegetarianism is made too difficult for it to be practicable, except to martyrs— and these are seldom found among humanists and atheists.

E S M E WYNNE-TYSON.

Dear Sir,—A few words to express my appreciation of the veganic gardening article by Kenneth O'Brien in the Spring issue —an article to be proud of! Fife. MARION SUMP.

(Typical of many similar letters.—EDITOR.)

50

the Purest of Natural OILS For Cooking, Baking

Grilling & Salads

SutrO'Liie

SUNFLOWER SEED OIL TRULY THE FINEST, PUREST VEGETABLE OIL YOU CAN BUY.

it rich in these all-important naturally unsaturated fatty acids

* contains the valuable nutriment from the fully ripened SUNFLOWER SEED

~k dean-dear and without smell.

GIVE YOUR MEAL THAT TOUCH OF SUN-O-LIFE

J pint 3/- I pint 5/6 and I gallon 36/-

From your neighbourhood Health Food Stores NOW also Boots branches, Timothy Whites, Top Grocers

ALFONAL LTD., 66 Fenchurch St., London, E.C.3

MISCELLANEOUS ADVERTISEMENTS

Terms: Cash with Order to H. H. Greaves Ltd., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

(2/- per line: minimum 2 lines; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

BLACKHEATH HEALTH FOOD STORES. A warm welcome awaits anyone visiting our luice and Snack Bar, also small extension for appetising hot meals and generous salads. Nutrition without Cruelty — vegetarian and vegan foods; Science without Cruelty — herbal remedies. Also Beauty without Cruelty — soaps and cosmetics. Plantmilk, nuts, seeds and grains a speciality. Wholewheat bread and calces. Compost-grown produce. Ofreta Healing Oil, a unique com-bination of natural oils, wonderfully penetrating in the relief ;of sprains, burns, rheumatism, bronchitis, etc., 3/3d. and 6/3d. plus 1/-postage. Goods sent inland and abroad. Send 6d. in stamps for comprehensive price-list to Mrs. Muriel Drake, HEALTHIWAYS, 5 Tranquil Passage, London, S.E.3. Tel. LEE Green. 5811.

BRITISH VEGETARIAN YOUTH MOVEMENT. An organisation for people 12—35. Social gatherings, holidays, monthly magazine, etc., organised. Further particulars: Secretary, G. Barwick, 35 Wenalt Road, .Fonna, Neath, Glamorgan.

FRESH VEGETABLE IUICES easily made in your own kitchen. Ask details of new machines. IUICEX, 7 Chantry Lane, Grimsby, Lines.

HEALTH through NATURAL HYGIENE. Are you interested in Health achieved naturally and Without the exploitation of other human beings and animals? ' Natural Hygiene is a system of health preservation and restoration which meets these requirements. For literature, senid 6d. stamp to : Registrar (G), British Nat. Hygiene Soc., 49 Ravenswood Ave., Tolworth, Surrey.

LESSONS IN SPEAKING AND WRITING.—Visit, correspondence (5/-) f na ess p es, ch M

TUDor 7357.

THE COMPASSIONATE DOCTRINE OF AHINSA is stressed in the monthly publication " A H I N S A " (non-killing, harmlessness). Full year, 7s. in British stamps or coins. THE AMERICAN VEGAN SOCIETY, Malaga, N.J. 08328, U.S.A.

VEGAN VITAMINS—Triovit vitamins A, C and D tablets (free of fish oil); take one a day. 3/6 month or 10/- three-month supply. Ask your Health Store or write: Rational DIET Products, 7 Chantry Lane, Grimsby, Lines.

VEGETARIAN (preferably Vegan) COMMUNITY proposed by the Agriculture and Hand-Industries Mutual Support Association. Bi-Monthly Publication " AHIMSA PROGRESS", 7/6d. per annum. Specimen copy ' free. Write A.H.I.M.S.A., 5, Bushcombe Close, Woodmancote, Cheltenham, Glos.

52

WORLD FORUM. The leading international Vegetarian quarterly. Edited by Mrs. Esm6 Wynne-Tyson. Advocates the vegetarian way of life for physical health and a true relationship between the human and creature kingdoms—without exploitation and cruelty. 1 /6d. plus 4d. post per copy. 7/6d. per year, post f ree—H. H. GREAVES LTD., 106/110 Lordship Lane, London, S.E.22.

YOUNG MAN, 24, seeks employment in h . Full-time/part-time. Box 246, L.V.S., , W.8.

E S T A B L I S H M E N T S C A T E R I N G F O R V E G A N S

(1/3d. per line; 20% discount on four consecutive issues.)

BROOK LINN.—Callander, Perthshire. Vegetarian and Vegan meals care-fully prepared and attractively served. Comfortable guest house. Near Trossachs and Western Highlands. Mrs. Muriel Choffin. Callander 103.

EASTBOURNE.—General nursing, convalescence, rest and nature-cure. Out-patients treated. Edgehill Vegetarian and Vegan Nursing Home, 6 Mill Road. Tel.: 627.

EDSTONE, WOOTTON WAWEN, WARWICKSHIRE (near Stratford-on-Avon).—Modern Nature Cure Resort and Guest House with every comfort, and compost-grown produce. (Phone: Claverdon 327.)

LAKE DISTRICT. Rothay Bank, Grasmere. Attractive guest house for invigorating, refreshing holidays.—Write Isabel James. Tel.: 134.

MAJORCA.—Charming flat for two offered. Vegetarian, non-smokers. All comforts. Tranquillity and beauty. arrange-ment. International stamp please. Palma de Mallorca.

NORTH WALES.—Vegan and vegetarian guest house, nr. mountains and sea. Lovely woodland garden. Brochure from Jeannie and George Lake, Plas-y-Coed, Penmaen Park, Llanfairfechan. Tel.: 161.

" WOODCOTE", Lelant, St. Ives, Cornwall, is a high-class Vegetarian Food Reform Guest House in a warm and sheltered situation over-looking the Hayle Estuary. Composted vegetables; home-made whole-wheat bread; vegans catered for knowledgeably. Mr. and Mrs. Woolfrey. Tel.: Hayle 3147. Early bookings for Summer very advisable.

Do you ever wonder " What is in i t?" when purchasing Soup, Soap or Margarine? Don't ' hope for the be s t ' in future, send for

THE VEGETARIAN AND VEGAN FOOD GUIDE WITH HOUSEHOLD PRODUCTS

and know which are the humanely produced articles. This 40-page booklet lists hundreds of items conveniently grouped for quick reference.

2/6d. post free, f rom: THE VEGAN SOCIETY, 123 Baker Street, Enfield, Middlesex

The most useful jar in the pantry!

a h / m £ / n £ / COMPOUND YEAST EXTRACT

Barmene is unique! It is the first product of its kind to incorporate fresh vegetable and herb juices, cold pressed to conserve their dietetic qualities. Barmene is delicious! It has a bland, appetising flavour, greatly enhancing the appeal and food value of soups, savour-ies, etc., to which it is added. Try it, too, spread thinly on bread and butter or unsweetened biscuits, and on jacket potatoes.

Barmene it healthful! Its salt content is biochemically balanced with other important ingredients—and it contains l.S microgm. Vitamin B12 per ounce. Less than a teaspoonful in a cup of boil-ing water makes a sustaining drink. Barmene is economical! It comes in three sizes: 3}-oz. and 8-oz. polystyrene jars at 2 /2 & 3 /9 respectively, and a 16-oz. glass jar at only 6/9. Use sparingly to make the most of its delicate flavour.

Manufactured by Graham Dene Ltd., and obtainable at Health Food Stores

Marketing Managers: LEWIS A. MAY (PRODUCE DISTRIBUTORS) LTD., STUART HOUSE. FLETCHER STREET, LONDON. E.1 (ROYAL 1641)

.. The ..

Vegan Badge This neat, attractive and dignified symbol incorpor-ates the Vegan emblem with blue surround.

Supplied with pin or charm-ring fitting as illustrated in quality chrome and enamel.

10/- post free From the Secretary,

T H E V E G A N S O C I E T Y

123 Baker St., Enfield, Middx.

H. H. GREAVES LTD Printers & Publishers

106-10 LORDSHIP LANE LONDON, S.E.27

Telephone: TOWnley 1231/2.

Please support our advertisers and mention THE VEGAN to them.

Printed by H. H. GREAVES LTD.. 106/110. Lordship Lane. East Dulwich, London, S.E.22