The Venezuela Catchment Area

8/3/2019 The Venezuela Catchment Area

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The Venezue la Cat c hment Area

Prepared by Drs. Disral Orphelin

Curaao November 4, 2010


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1

Table o f con ten t s

Introduction 2Venezuela Statistics 3

The largest cities 5GDP Venezuela 5Ethnic communities in Venezuela 6Catchment area for traffic to Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia 6Main European Gateways for traffic with origin Venezuela 7Main European Gateways for traffic with final destination Venezuela 16Intercity Transport in Venezuela 23Foreign Currency Exchange 25Tourism in Venezuela 25Some other considerations 27Some final remarks 28

Tables

States West of Caracas and population size 4Distance to Curaao vs. distance to Caracas compared 4Largest cities in Venezuela 5Ethnic communities 6Venezuelas gateways (the first leg) to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia 6Movement structure # 1 Direct vs. non direct passengers traffic 7Movement structure # 2 Final vs. Transit passenger traffic 8Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic MAD 9

Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic FCO 10Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic CDG 11Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic FRA 13Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic LIS 15Main European Gateways for traffic with final destination Venezuela 16Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic MAD 17Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic FCO 18Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic CDG 19Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic FRA 21Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic LIS 23Time line railroad development in Venezuela 24Arrival of international tourists in Venezuela 26


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2

Introduction

Being a small island Curaaos direct catchment area (a definedgeographical area from which an airport draws its passengers, andsimultaneously this defined geographical area also is served by that airport) isautomatically limited to its population size, which according to the Central

Bureau of Statistics (CBS forecast for 2010 for Curaao is 145874 inhabitants.However since Curaao (the main island of the former Netherlands Antilles,and the first island East of Aruba) lies just of the northern coast of SouthAmerica, and more specifically 60 km north of the Venezuelan state Falcon.The Greater Curaao Catchment Area is therefore quite a different story.

Before continuing however it is good to answer the question whyCuraao should develop a greater catchment area. From the angle of a nationalaviation policy there are basically two ways to develop passenger air traffic.The first is with creating access to the country in mind and the second is toimprove the quality of the network of direct destinations served from thenational airport(s). In the case of Curaao as a small island the first alternative

(creating access) would imply that air traffic to and from Curaao can onlyincrease if the number of ethnics travels or VFR (visiting friends and relatives),to and from Curaao where to increase or if the number of tourists visiting theisland would increase. The latter is heavily dependent on the number of hotelrooms that Curaao has to offer (over 4000).

Ethnic travel as mentioned earlier, is very much dependent on the size ofethnic communities abroad and local. The largest ethnic community of Curaaois in the Netherlands and it consists of 80000 persons (according to estimatesof the Central Bureau for Statistics of the Netherlands). Curaao also harborsseveral ethnic communities, but since Curaao has a small population size(145874 inhabitants in 2010) the size of the ethnic communities are notimpressive when compared to e.g. the size of the Puerto Rican community inNew York ( 1.5 million persons) or of the Portugese community in Venezuela(over 900000 persons). Size clearly creates constrains in the case of a smallisland state like Curaao. Therefore by focusing exclusively on access toCuraao, air traffic to Curaao can only increase if the numbers of theconstraining factors (quantity of hotel rooms and size of ethnic communities)also increase.

Improving the quality of the network of direct connections served by anairport requires the airport in case having one or more catchment areas.that itcan serve. A good example hereof is Schiphol airport in Amsterdam that serves

both the Rhine - Ruhr metropolitan region in Germany with over 10 millioninhabitants and the United Kingdom (62 million inhabitants). Schiphol is alsoknown as Londons third airport. If Schiphol had to depend only on passengerswith the Netherlands ( 17 million inhabitants) as their origin or final destination,it would never have been able to serve more than 40 million passengersannually (47 million in 2008 and 43 million in 2009).

For Curaao, Venezuela with its over 30 million inhabitants is a naturalcatchment area. Coro the Venezuelan town nearest to Curaao lies at adistance of only 112km/ 70 miles from Curaao, Because of the distance, Corolies much closer to Curaao than Curaaos sister island Aruba (120km/ 75miles)!


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Venezuela Statistics

Graphic 1

Besides its neighbouring islands Aruba and Bonaire (with smaller

populations than that of Curaao), the Greater Curaao Catchment Area alsoconsists of Venezuela, but more specifically the 13 Venezuelan states that lieto the West of Caracas, the Capital City of Venezuela (Distrito Federal)(Table 1). Together these 13 states have a combined population of almost 17million inhabitants! This is 56% of the total population of Venezuela, whichhas over 27 million inhabitants. The Instituto Nacional de Estadistica (INE) ofVenezuela has projected a combined population increase of 18% for thesestates for the year 2015.

3


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VENEZUELA STATES POPULATION SIZE

WEST OF CARACAS (Estimate) 2010

Apure 508,783Aragua 1,735,961Barinas 805,308

Carabobo 2,331,564Cojedes 318,277Falcn 950,057

Lara 1,881,595Mrida 892,031

Portuguesa 925,144Tchira 1,242,153Trujillo 752,163Yaracuy 634,337

Zulia 3,821,068TOTAL 16,798,441

Table 1 Source: INE, Instituto Nacional de Estadistica Venezolano

Venezuela West of Caracas has a total of 6 airports with the status of Port ofEntry (POE) (i.e. including immigration and customs service). Most of theseairports have a shorter distance with Curaao (CUR) compared to theirdistance with Caracas (CCS) (Table 2). The following table shows the otherinternational airports (ports of entry) of Venezuela and their distance to bothCuraao and Caracas:

STATE CITY AIRPORTDISTANCE TO

CUR IN KMDISTANCE TO

CCS IN KM

ZULIA MARACAIBO DE LA CHINITA 351 518TACHIRA SAN ANTONIO JUAN VICENTE GMEZ 615 673

LARA BARQUISIMETO GENERAL JACINTO LARA 254 340CARABOBO VALENCIA ARTURO MICHELENA 253 114CARABOBO PUERTO CABELLO BARTALOME SALOM 212 120

FALCON LAS PIEDRAS JOSEFA CAMEJO 137 369NUEVA

ESPARTAPORLAMAR GENERAL SANTIAGO MARIO 574 345

ANZOTEGUI BARCELONA JOSE ANTONIO ANZOTEGUI 520 258

BOLIVAR PUERTO ORDAZ MANUEL CARLOS PIAR 806 532

BOLIVAR MUNICIPIO GRANSABANA

SANTA ELENA DE UAIREN 1208 932

MONAGAS MATURIN JOSE TADEO MONAGAS 690 431

MERIDA MERIDA ALBERTO CARNEVALI 461 509

Table 2

The distance between Curaao and Caracas is 270 km. In fact the flightdistances between Curaao and all of Venezuelas international airports canbe classified as short haul (2400 km or less)


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The largest cities

The three largest Venezuelan cities after Caracas are all located to theWest of Caracas and within relatively short distances from Curaao (see table 2):In all Venezuela has a totl of 65 cities with a population size greater than 50000.

# City State Poulation 2009 # City State Poulation 20091 Caracas Distrito Capital 2.097.400 6 Maracay Aragua 4433002 Maracaibo Zulia 1.891.800 7 Barcelona Anzuategui 4211003 Valencia Carabobo 1.408.400 8 Petare Miranda 4190004 Barquisimeto Lara 1.018.900 9 Maturn Monagas 3950005 Ciudad Guayana Bolivar 789500 10 Ciudad Bolvar Bolivar 355800

Table 3 Source: INE

Simon Bolivar International Airport a.k.a. Maiquetia, in Caracas is theprincipal airport of Venezuela, and the one that (basically) handles all scheduledintercontinental flights to and from Venezuela. From Simon Bolivar passengers

from scheduled intercontinental flights are flown to regional destinations throughoutVenezuela.Noteworthy is the fact that the most international airlines with flights to

Simon Bolivar International Airport in Caracas lists the Curaao InternationalAirport as the first alternate on their flight plans. According to the AeronauticalInformation Publication (AIP) from Venezuela the Simon Bolivar InternationalAirport is Venezuelas only airport that is classified as category 9 of ICAOsAerodrome Category for Rescue and Fire Fighting. The other principal internationalairports in Venezuela are all classified as category 7 while the CuraaoInternational Airport is also classified as category 9.

GDP Venezuela

The Per Capita (Current Prices, US Dollars) for Venezuela in year 2009wasUS$ 11789.00. GDP is expressed in current U.S. dollars per person.

Graphic 2

5

According to the World Bank the Venezuelan GDP is expected to grow little oreven contract in 2010. The IMF projects a -2.6% GDP growth for Venezuela in
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2010. For 2011 the IMF projects the Venezuelan GDP to grow by 0.4% and2.3% by 2015.

Ethnic communities in Venezuela

Venezuela has large European and Middle Eastern ethnic communities:

The 2001 data from INE in table 4 is comprised of nationals as well asdescendants of nationals of the mentioned countries.

Community 2001

Spain 1250000Italy 912000Portugal 900478Lebanon 12631China PR 60854

Table 4

Presently Venezuela has over 124000 persons born in Italy, over 53000 bornin Portugal and over 126000 persons born in Spain. On the other hand thereare 340000 Venezuelans of Arab descendant, and presently the Jewishcommunity in Venezuela consists of between 12000 and 13000 persons.It used to be 22000 strong at the beginning of the Chavez administration in1999.

Besides the above mentioned larger communities Venezuela also hassmaller communities of immigrants from various European countries such asGermany, France, the UK, the Netherlands, Greece and others.

Catchment area for traffic to Europe, Asia, Africa and Australasia

For the 12 month period June 2009 till and including July 2010, a total of1004868persons traveled (in both directions (Origin & Destination) betweenVenezuela and Europe (D63%, O88%), the Asia (D23%, O10%), Africa (D9%,O1%) and Australasia (D5%, O less than 1%) (Source database of apgDatAviation Data for Airline Planners. The following tables will illustrate these twotraffic movements.

Venezuelas gateways (the first leg) to Europe, Africa, Asia and Australasia

Stop #1 Total % Stop #1 Total % Stop #1 Total %

MAD 183141 36% HAV 1057 0% PMV 18 0%FRA 94523 19% YYZ 611 0% POS 18 0%CDG 81118 16% IAH 590 0% CUR 16 0%FCO 53754 11% EZE 547 0% DAM 7 0%LIS 23477 5% JFK 480 0% IKA 7 0%FNC 17357 3% BOG 413 0% FDF 5 0%TFN 16710 3% GRU 410 0% AUA 4 0%OPO 9891 2% SCL 373 0% PHL 3 0%*CCS 7759 2% MEX 372 0% BOS 2 0%BCN 4891 1% LIM 211 0% LGA 2 0%MIA 4089 1% SJU 176 0% AMS 1 0%

ORY 2526 0% PTY 148 0% GIG 1 0%ATL 1647 0% DFW 115 0% SDQ 1 0%SCQ 1251 0% EWR 23 0% Grand Total 502134 99%

Table 5 *Passengers from other cities in Venezuela


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Main European Gateways for traffic with origin Venezuela

Movement structure # 1 Direct vs. non direct passengers traffic

OriginMadridMAD

Direct

Madrid MAD viaCaracas only

Madrid MAD viaalternate

routes

Total

Caracas 183141 10528 193669

Other Cities Venezuela 4186 319 4505

Total 183141 4186 10847 198174

Total in % 92% 2% 5% 100%

OriginRomeFCO

Direct

Rome FCO viaCaracas only

Rome FCO viaalternate

routesTotal

Caracas 53754 13095 66849Other Cities Venezuela 198 291 489Total 53754 198 13386 67338

Total in % 80% 0% 20% 100%

OriginParisCDG

Direct

Paris CDG viaCaracas only

Paris CDG viaalternate

routesTotal

Caracas 81118 4888 86006Other Cities Venezuela 2008 159 2167Total 81118 2008 5047 88173

Total in % 92% 2% 6% 100%

Origin

Frankfurt

FRADirect

Frankfurt FRA

viaCaracas only

Frankfurt FRA

via alternateroutes

Total

Caracas 70181 1298 71479Other Cities Venezuela 24342 21 55 24418Total 94523 21 1353 95897

Total in % 99% 0% 1% 100%

OriginLisbon

LISDirect

Lisbon LIS viaCaracas only

Lisbon LIS viaalternate

routesTotal

Caracas 23169 2141 25310

Other Cities Venezuela 9 12 21Total 23169 9 2153 25331

Total in % 91% 0% 8% 100%Table 6


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Movement structure # 2 Final vs. Transit passenger traffic

OriginMadrid

MAD Final

Madrid MAD

IntermediateTotal

Caracas 97909 95760 193669


Total 101496 96678 198174

Total in % 51% 49% 100%

OriginRome

FCO FinalRome FCO

IntermediateTotal

Caracas 33754 33095 66849Other Cities Venezuela 375 114 489Total 34129 33209 67338

Total in % 51% 49% 100%

OriginParis CDG

Final

Paris CDG

IntermediateTotal


Total in % 29% 71% 100%

OriginFrankfurtFRA Final

Frankfurt FRAIntermediate

Total


Total in % 30% 70% 100%

OriginLisbon

LIS FinalLisbon LIS

IntermediateTotal


Total in % 27% 73% 100%Table 7


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Movement structure # 3 Spread of beyond traffic

Madrid MAD

Destination Country Africa Asia Australasia EuropeGrandTotal Grand Total

Spain 51186 51186 53%Italy 15879 15879 16%France 8125 8125 8%United Kingdom 7110 7110 7%Portugal 2479 2479 3%Switzerland 2096 2096 2%Germany 1867 1867 2%Netherlands 1803 1803 2%Russian Federation 1189 1189 1%Belgium 849 849 1%Greece 748 748 1%Turkey 448 448 0%Austria 311 311 0%Egypt 310 310 0%South Africa 304 304 0%Sweden 301 301 0%Denmark 271 271 0%Czech Republic 256 256 0%Morocco 183 183 0%Ireland 138 138 0%Poland 117 117 0%Equatorial Guinea 115 115 0%Nigeria 115 115 0%

Finland 104 104 0%Bulgaria 73 73 0%Japan 54 54 0%Algeria 42 42 0%Hungary 35 35 0%Ukraine 26 26 0%Thailand 23 23 0%Romania 22 22 0%Luxembourg 17 17 0%Norway 14 14 0%Croatia 10 10 0%

Angola 8 8 0%Tunisia 8 8 0%Hong Kong 8 8 0%Ethiopia 7 7 0%Libya 6 6 0%Bosnia and Herzegovina 5 5 0%Cyprus 4 4 0%Nepal 3 3 0%Tanzania 3 3 0%Australia 2 2 0%Gambia 2 2 0%

Malaysia 2 2 0%Grand Total 1103 90 2 95483 96678 100%Grand Total 1% 0% 0% 99% 100%

Table 8


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Rome FCO

Destination Country Africa Asia Australasia EuropeGrandTotal

GrandTotal

Italy 21705 21705 65%Spain 4534 4534 14%France 1094 1094 3%China Peoples Republic 866 866 3%Egypt 840 840 3%Turkey 773 773 2%Greece 505 505 2%Russian Federation 435 435 1%United Kingdom 419 419 1%Netherlands 395 395 1%Belgium 261 261 1%Germany 240 240 1%Libya 195 195 1%Switzerland 169 169 1%

Japan 68 68 0%Ukraine 61 61 0%Malaysia 56 56 0%Czech Republic 55 55 0%Tunisia 55 55 0%Romania 50 50 0%Morocco 49 49 0%Algeria 42 42 0%Malta 39 39 0%Bulgaria 39 39 0%Hungary 36 36 0%

Nigeria 31 31 0%Belarus 26 26 0%Taiwan 23 23 0%Albania 22 22 0%Poland 22 22 0%Thailand 21 21 0%Ireland 19 19 0%India 16 16 0%Ethiopia 10 10 0%Cyprus 9 9 0%South Korea 6 6 0%

Luxembourg 4 4 0%Australia 3 3 0%Croatia 3 3 0%Denmark 3 3 0%Hong Kong 3 3 0%Serbia 3 3 0%South Africa 3 3 0%Bangladesh 1 1 0%Grand Total 1225 1060 3 30921 33209 100%

Grand Total 4% 3% 0% 93% 100%Table 9


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Paris CDG


GrandTotal

China Peoples Republic 17102 17102 27%Hong Kong 8630 8630 14%Spain 6872 6872 11%Italy 5879 5879 9%United Kingdom 4376 4376 7%France 2609 2609 4%Switzerland 2072 2072 3%Germany 2057 2057 3%Netherlands 1543 1543 2%Russian Federation 887 887 1%Egypt 811 811 1%Denmark 759 759 1%South Africa 717 717 1%Japan 628 628 1%

South Korea 623 623 1%India 564 564 1%Ireland 511 511 1%Austria 408 408 1%Greece 398 398 1%Belgium 378 378 1%Sweden 376 376 1%Norway 364 364 1%Turkey 354 354 1%Thailand 338 338 1%Czech Republic 315 315 1%

Hungary 251 251 0%Singapore 241 241 0%Ukraine 187 187 0%Australia 182 182 0%Portugal 166 166 0%Taiwan 160 160 0%Kenya 157 157 0%Algeria 142 142 0%Philippines 141 141 0%Malaysia 140 140 0%Vietnam 120 120 0%

Poland 100 100 0%Finland 100 100 0%Morocco 98 98 0%Chad 96 96 0%Romania 84 84 0%Angola 82 82 0%Indonesia 74 74 0%Croatia 61 61 0%Nigeria 57 57 0%Congo 53 53 0%Bulgaria 48 48 0%

Luxembourg 45 45 0%Benin 37 37 0%Equatorial Guinea 37 37 0%Cameroon 29 29 0%


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Slovenia 24 24 0%Libya 23 23 0%Tunisia 22 22 0%Uganda 21 21 0%Mauritius 19 19 0%Armenia 19 19 0%

Zambia 17 17 0%Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire) 17 17 0%Gabon 10 10 0%Guinea 10 10 0%Burkina Faso 8 8 0%Mauritania 7 7 0%Cyprus 6 6 0%Namibia 6 6 0%Senegal 6 6 0%Nepal 5 5 0%Ghana 4 4 0%Niger 4 4 0%Pakistan 4 4 0%Serbia 4 4 0%Slovakia 4 4 0%Togo 4 4 0%Malawi 3 3 0%Zimbabwe 3 3 0%Belarus 2 2 0%Burundi 2 2 0%Ethiopia 2 2 0%Iceland 2 2 0%Lithuania 2 2 0%

Madagascar 2 2 0%Seychelles 2 2 0%Sudan 2 2 0%Latvia 1 1 0%Moldova 1 1 0%Grand Total 2510 28789 182 31246 62727 100%



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Frankfurt FRA


GrandTotal

China Peoples Republic 14782 14782 22%Germany 7210 7210 11%Italy 6958 6958 10%Spain 3922 3922 6%United Kingdom 3524 3524 5%Switzerland 3311 3311 5%France 2376 2376 4%Hong Kong 2068 2068 3%Russian Federation 45 1939 1984 3%Austria 1921 1921 3%India 1372 1372 2%Greece 1211 1211 2%Netherlands 1189 1189 2%Norway 1150 1150 2%

Denmark 999 999 1%Sweden 936 936 1%Thailand 804 804 1%Turkey 733 733 1%Belgium 677 677 1%Poland 573 573 1%Egypt 492 492 1%Japan 481 481 1%Maldives 474 474 1%Mauritius 470 470 1%Finland 466 466 1%

Czech Republic 412 412 1%South Korea 392 392 1%Hungary 377 377 1%South Africa 368 368 1%Ireland 365 365 1%Indonesia 352 352 1%Belarus 334 334 0%Romania 277 277 0%Nigeria 276 276 0%Croatia 261 261 0%Malaysia 260 260 0%

Singapore 257 257 0%Portugal 255 255 0%Tanzania 236 236 0%Ukraine 219 219 0%Kenya 204 204 0%Cyprus 189 189 0%Philippines 156 156 0%Bulgaria 147 147 0%Luxembourg 129 129 0%Serbia 115 115 0%Latvia 105 105 0%

Kazakhstan 88 88 0%Ethiopia 77 77 0%Vietnam 72 72 0%Moldova 65 65 0%


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Libya 54 54 0%Angola 51 51 0%Afghanistan 51 51 0%Malta 50 50 0%Azerbaijan 47 47 0%Lithuania 47 47 0%

Slovenia 46 46 0%Ghana 41 41 0%Algeria 38 38 0%Taiwan 36 36 0%Tunisia 35 35 0%Equatorial Guinea 28 28 0%Turkmenistan 27 27 0%Australia 26 26 0%Albania 25 25 0%Morocco 17 17 0%Pakistan 15 15 0%Uzbekistan 13 13 0%Sudan 13 13 0%Brunei Darussalam 11 11 0%Estonia 10 10 0%Bosnia and Herzegovina 9 9 0%Nepal 9 9 0%Georgia 8 8 0%Montenegro 7 7 0%Sri Lanka 7 7 0%Tajikistan 7 7 0%Gambia 6 6 0%Bangladesh 5 5 0%

Uganda 5 5 0%Togo 4 4 0%Macedonia 3 3 0%Eritrea 2 2 0%Mozambique 2 2 0%Namibia 1 1 0%Grand Total 2420 21839 26 42542 66827 100%



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Lisbon LIS

Destination Country Africa Europe Grand Total Grand Total

Spain 6302 6302 34%Portugal 3586 3586 19%Italy 2319 2319 12%

United Kingdom 1855 1855 10%France 1036 1036 6%Switzerland 743 743 4%Germany 651 651 3%Netherlands 600 600 3%Belgium 501 501 3%South Africa 255 255 1%Denmark 169 169 1%Angola 158 158 1%Sweden 148 148 1%Norway 106 106 1%Hungary 43 43 0%Czech Republic 42 42 0%Morocco 40 40 0%Guinea Bissau 31 31 0%Russian Federation 27 27 0%Senegal 26 26 0%Mozambique 20 20 0%Finland 15 15 0%Poland 11 11 0%Luxembourg 10 10 0%Gambia 8 8 0%Cape Verde 7 7 0%Algeria 4 4 0%Greece 4 4 0%Libya 4 4 0%Austria 2 2 0%Latvia 2 2 0%Kenya 1 1 0%Grand Total 554 18172 18726 100%

Grand Total 3% 97% 100%Table 12


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Main European Gateways for traffic with final destination Venezuela

Final DestinationOrigin behind MAD -via MAD - Direct To

Final

Origin behind MAD -via MAD - via

intermediates - To

Final

Origin MAD- Direct To

Final

Origin MAD - viaintermediates - To

FinalTotal

Caracas 86487 317 100261 11223 198288


Total 86487 880 100261 14105 201733

Total in % 43% 0% 50% 7% 100%

Final DestinationOrigin behind FCO -via FCO - Direct To

Final

Origin behind FCO -via FCO - via

intermediates - ToFinal

Origin FCO -Direct To

Final

Origin FCO - viaintermediates - To

FinalTotal

Caracas 31257 46 26137 12742 70182Other Cities Venezuela 1 273 274Total 31257 47 26137 13015 70456

Total in % 44% 0% 37% 18% 100%

Final DestinationOrigin behind CDG -via CDG - Direct To

Final

Origin behind CDG -via CDG - via


Origin CDG- Direct To

Final

Origin CDG - viaintermediates -

To FinalTotal


Total in % 66% 2% 27% 5% 100%

Final DestinationOrigin behind FRA -via FRA - Direct To

Final

Origin behind FRA- via FRA - via


Origin FRA- Direct To

Final

Origin FRA - viaintermediates -

To FinalTotal

Caracas 56638 96 14452 1055 72241

Other Cities Venezuela 2826 14 6745 24 9609Total 59464 110 21197 1079 81850

Total in % 73% 0% 26% 1% 100%

Final DestinationOrigin behind LIS - via

LIS - Direct To Final

Origin behind LIS -via LIS - via


Origin LIS -Direct To

Final

Origin LIS - viaintermediates - To

FinalTotal


Total in % 75% 1% 17% 7% 100%

Table 13


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Movement structure # 2 Spread for behind traffic

Madrid MAD

Origin Country Africa Asia Australasia EuropeGrandTotal

GrandTotal

Spain 48544 48544 56%Italy 13916 13916 16%France 7360 7360 8%United Kingdom 5727 5727 7%Portugal 2319 2319 3%Switzerland 1815 1815 2%Germany 1697 1697 2%Netherlands 1629 1629 2%Russian Federation 1005 1005 1%Belgium 670 670 1%Greece 598 598 1%South Africa 308 308 0%Turkey 296 296 0%Sweden 232 232 0%Denmark 228 228 0%Egypt 223 223 0%Austria 180 180 0%Nigeria 105 105 0%Equatorial Guinea 99 99 0%Czech Republic 91 91 0%Bulgaria 88 88 0%Poland 47 47 0%Japan 42 42 0%

Ireland 22 22 0%Romania 21 21 0%Hungary 18 18 0%Thailand 17 17 0%Finland 17 17 0%Algeria 10 10 0%Morocco 10 10 0%Norway 10 10 0%Angola 7 7 0%Ethiopia 6 6 0%Hong Kong 6 6 0%

Kenya 5 5 0%Gambia 5 5 0%Malta 5 5 0%Libya 4 4 0%Senegal 4 4 0%Australia 3 3 0%China 3 3 0%Cyprus 2 2 0%Luxembourg 2 2 0%Philippines 2 2 0%Taiwan 2 2 0%

Uganda 2 2 0%Grand Total 788 72 3 86539 87402 100%Grand Total 1% 0% 0% 99% 100%

Table 14


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Rome FCO

Origin Country Africa Asia Australasia Europe Grand Total Grand Total

Italy 21005 21005 67%Spain 5140 5140 16%China Peoples Republic 913 913 3%

Egypt 701 701 2%Turkey 654 654 2%Greece 445 445 1%Russian Federation 405 405 1%France 394 394 1%Netherlands 263 263 1%United Kingdom 256 256 1%Belgium 229 229 1%Libya 161 161 1%Germany 109 109 0%Algeria 105 105 0%Romania 79 79 0%Malaysia 55 55 0%Switzerland 43 43 0%Morocco 39 39 0%Japan 39 39 0%Tunisia 33 33 0%Bulgaria 31 31 0%Czech Republic 31 31 0%Nigeria 28 28 0%Malta 24 24 0%Hungary 21 21 0%Ukraine 15 15 0%Albania 15 15 0%Ireland 14 14 0%Poland 9 9 0%Ghana 9 9 0%India 8 8 0%Austria 7 7 0%Serbia 7 7 0%Denmark 5 5 0%Hong Kong 4 4 0%Ethiopia 3 3 0%South Korea 2 2 0%

Australia 1 1 0%Bangladesh 1 1 0%Thailand 1 1 0%Grand Total 1079 1023 1 29201 31304 100%



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Paris CDG

Origin Country Africa Asia Australasia EuropeGrandTotal

GrandTotal

China Peoples Republic 20286 20286 35%Spain 7330 7330 13%Italy 5522 5522 9%Hong Kong 4313 4313 7%United Kingdom 3931 3931 7%France 2599 2599 4%Germany 1932 1932 3%Switzerland 1771 1771 3%Netherlands 1147 1147 2%India 990 990 2%Russian Federation 890 890 2%South Africa 707 707 1%Denmark 564 564 1%Japan 431 431 1%

Austria 405 405 1%Egypt 401 401 1%Ireland 380 380 1%Belgium 378 378 1%Greece 341 341 1%Thailand 312 312 1%Sweden 311 311 1%Singapore 286 286 0%Norway 285 285 0%Czech Republic 230 230 0%Philippines 183 183 0%

South Korea 178 178 0%Hungary 165 165 0%Algeria 153 153 0%Australia 145 145 0%Malaysia 139 139 0%Ukraine 124 124 0%Kenya 124 124 0%Vietnam 123 123 0%Taiwan 122 122 0%Poland 117 117 0%Portugal 114 114 0%

Angola 109 109 0%Chad 87 87 0%Indonesia 76 76 0%Nigeria 68 68 0%Romania 65 65 0%Equatorial Guinea 64 64 0%Turkey 63 63 0%Morocco 62 62 0%Finland 61 61 0%Croatia 58 58 0%Congo 49 49 0%

Benin 42 42 0%Senegal 38 38 0%Luxembourg 36 36 0%Zambia 31 31 0%


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Gabon 29 29 0%Bulgaria 25 25 0%Mali 24 24 0%Slovenia 22 22 0%Mauritius 20 20 0%Tunisia 15 15 0%

Cameroon 14 14 0%Uganda 12 12 0%Libya 11 11 0%Reunion 11 11 0%Ivory Coast (Cote d'Ivoire) 10 10 0%Pakistan 8 8 0%Mauritania 7 7 0%Togo 7 7 0%Burkina Faso 4 4 0%Guinea 4 4 0%Botswana 3 3 0%Central African Republic 3 3 0%Democratic Republic of the Congo 3 3 0%Malawi 3 3 0%Nepal 3 3 0%Niger 3 3 0%Ethiopia 2 2 0%Latvia 2 2 0%Lithuania 2 2 0%Armenia 1 1 0%Belarus 1 1 0%Namibia 1 1 0%Slovakia 1 1 0%Grand Total 2121 27451 145 28872 58589 100%



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Frankfurt FRA

Origin Country Africa Asia Australasia Europe Grand Total Grand Total

China Peoples republic 13741 13741 23%Germany 6591 6591 11%Italy 6583 6583 11%

Spain 4200 4200 7%United Kingdom 3337 3337 6%Switzerland 3085 3085 5%France 2486 2486 4%Austria 1957 1957 3%Russian Federation 10 1467 1477 2%Hong Kong 1299 1299 2%Netherlands 1230 1230 2%India 1201 1201 2%Norway 1029 1029 2%Denmark 954 954 2%Sweden 928 928 2%Greece 872 872 1%Belgium 711 711 1%Turkey 588 588 1%Poland 498 498 1%Hungary 473 473 1%South Korea 434 434 1%Finland 381 381 1%Egypt 376 376 1%South Africa 363 363 1%Czech Republic 356 356 1%Indonesia 339 339 1%Thailand 329 329 1%Malaysia 308 308 1%Ukraine 299 299 1%Romania 238 238 0%Ireland 233 233 0%Croatia 217 217 0%Singapore 215 215 0%Portugal 214 214 0%Nigeria 170 170 0%Luxembourg 141 141 0%Cyprus 141 141 0%

Philippines 139 139 0%Belarus 134 134 0%Bulgaria 105 105 0%Serbia 96 96 0%Ethiopia 94 94 0%Tunisia 90 90 0%Vietnam 84 84 0%Ghana 66 66 0%Japan 61 61 0%Seychelles 61 61 0%Slovenia 58 58 0%

Angola 54 54 0%Algeria 52 52 0%Kazakhstan 50 50 0%Kenya 40 40 0%


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Taiwan 37 37 0%Azerbaijan 36 36 0%Libya 35 35 0%Moldova 34 34 0%Mauritius 26 26 0%Morocco 26 26 0%

Equatorial Guinea 19 19 0%Latvia 18 18 0%Australia 17 17 0%Brunei Darussalam 16 16 0%Sudan 13 13 0%Uzbekistan 12 12 0%Nepal 11 11 0%Pakistan 10 10 0%Namibia 8 8 0%Turkmenistan 8 8 0%Albania 7 7 0%Cambodia 7 7 0%Bangladesh 6 6 0%Macedonia 6 6 0%Montenegro 6 6 0%Sri Lanka 6 6 0%Tanzania 5 5 0%Uganda 5 5 0%Afghanistan 4 4 0%Estonia 3 3 0%Malta 3 3 0%Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 2 0%Eritrea 2 2 0%

Zambia 2 2 0%Zimbabwe 2 2 0%Gambia 1 1 0%Lithuania 1 1 0%Malawi 1 1 0%Mozambique 1 1 0%Grand Total 1512 18363 17 39682 59574 100%



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Lisbon LIS

Origin Country Africa Asia Europe Grand Total Grand Total

Spain 6517 6517 34%Portugal 4158 4158 22%Italy 2445 2445 13%

United Kingdom 1930 1930 10%France 966 966 5%Switzerland 737 737 4%Netherlands 577 577 3%Germany 550 550 3%Belgium 420 420 2%South Africa 137 137 1%Denmark 107 107 1%Angola 100 100 1%Sweden 59 59 0%Norway 50 50 0%Senegal 43 43 0%Morocco 33 33 0%Russian Federation 33 33 0%Hungary 28 28 0%Guinea Bissau 25 25 0%Finland 16 16 0%Mozambique 15 15 0%Poland 15 15 0%Greece 10 10 0%Egypt 9 9 0%China 5 5 0%Austria 4 4 0%Cape Verde 3 3 0%Sri Lanka 3 3 0%Czech Republic 2 2 0%Libya 2 2 0%Grand Total 367 8 18624 18999 100%

Grand Total 2% 0% 98% 100%Table 18

Intercity Transport in Venezuela

The high passengers figures for Caracas (CCS) both as origin and as

destination (Tables 6, 7 and 13) compared to other Venezuelan cities can givethe impression that most of the travelers originate from Caracas andsurrounding areas. This is not necessarily the case since a lot of travelerstend to travel by means of intercity bus from their hometowns and home citiesto Caracas.

There is no national passenger rail system operating in Venezuela,even though the present government in 2006 began with the construction of anational railway system that will have to be completed in 2030. Table 19shows the length of rails planned to be constructed, while the accompanyinggraphic illustrates the national railway system planned.


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Graphic 3

Timeline National Rail RoadDevelopment in Venezuela

1957-1970 = 400km rails1971-1993 = 600km rails1994-2005 = 600km rails

2006-2008 = 643km railsUnder Construction2009-2014 = 1231km rails2015-2030 = 8500km rails

Table 19

Presently Venezuela has a relatively extensive road network. of 86000 km, of which 30000 km is paved and 4000 km is highway. Mosttraveling is done by bus. Buses are generally fast, and they run regularly dayand night between major population centers. Bus transportation is reasonablycheap in Venezuela; you probably wont go wrong if you allow US$1.50 to

US$2 per hour (or roughly 60km) on a bus. Allintercity buses depart from andarrive at the terminal de pasajeros(bus terminal). Every city has such aterminal, usually outside the city center, but always linked to it by localtransportation. Caracasis the most important transportation hub, handlingbuses to just about every corner of the country. In general, theres no need tobuy tickets in advance for major routes, except around Christmas, Carnavaland Easter.

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Foreign Currency Exchange

One important factor that can stagnate the growth of international travel toand from Venezuela is the rigid regulation on export of foreign currency out ofVenezuela by the Commission for Administration of Foreign Currencies (CADIVI).Unlike most other countries Venezuela doesnt have a free system of foreign

currency exchange. On the one hand Venezuela nationals are restricted in theamount of foreign currency they are allowed to take out of the country on their creditcard and on the other hand CADIVI had expanded the period for reimbursing theforeign exchange to the banks from five working days to one month and a half afterpurchase by a bank client with a credit card. By delaying the reimbursement periodthe delayed payments of credit card consumptions by CADIVI to the banksamounted to some US$400 million in 2009.

As already stated the rigid regulation by CADIVI negatively affectedespecially the so called currency tourism or weekend tourism from Venezuelato Curaao, Aruba and Panama. The CADIVI regulations how ever have beenand are less restrictive towards long haul travel and long stay over tourism

from Venezuela to e.g. destinations in Europe, the Middles East and the FarEast. The delay in the allocation of foreign exchange by CADIVI has putpressure on the banking system in Venezuela. In some cases, this situationhas forced some banks to discontinue the use of credit cards abroad or limitpayments exclusively to lodging and food. As a result of the above mentionedmeasures applied by CADIVI foreign airlines often have problem to get theirearned money out of Venezuela.

To develop the long haul transfer passenger traffic between Venezuelaand destinations across the Atlantic, will enable the Curaao InternationalAirport to spread its risk regarding passenger traffic originating in Venezuela.Presently the passenger traffic originating in Venezuela consists mainly of theso called currency tourists who are characterized by a short stayover of amaximum of three nights. Historically this market however has proven to bevery volatile in nature. The long haul transfer passenger traffic can actuallyhelp to bring more balance and stability to the Venezuela market for theCuraao International Airport. Secondly developing the long haul transferpassenger market represents growth opportunity for the Curaao InternationalAirport because the economy of Venezuela (that presently is at a low) isexpected to grow in the coming years irrespective the fact that Hugo Chavezremains president or not! Once the economy picks up, the number ofpassengers traveling to and from Venezuela is also expected to increase.

Tourism in Venezuela

Presently Venezuela is not known as a tourist country. According toINE and the Ministry of Tourism during the period 1998 2008 outboundtourism from Venezuela (Venezuela residents visiting abroad) grew 132.15%(mainly a result of the currency tourism) while inbound tourism (visitors toVenezuela) only grew with 8.6%. Venezuelas objective is to have tourismproduce 5.8% of its GDP by 2013 by stimulating its inbound tourism. In thiscontext Venezuela wants to increase the amount of inbound tourists to 1.5million international tourists (In 2009 Curaao had a total of 366973 arriving

tourists). In 2009 Venezuela forecasted to receive a little over 800000 inboundtourists while the forecast for 2010 is projected at 900000 inbound tourists.A special group of tourists worth mentioning are the tourists from the

Peoples Republic of China. Venezuela is investing a lot of effort in the


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promotion of tourism from China. In the period covered by this report (June2009 July 2010) a total of 41520 persons traveled from China (includingHong Kong) to Venezuela while a total of 44525 persons traveled fromVenezuela to China (including Hong Kong).

According to the United Nations World Tourism Organization outboundtourism from China (excluding Hong Kong) is expected to grow to over 100

million Chinese tourists visiting other countries worldwide, making China thenumber one outbound tourist market in 2020.

Table 20

Venezuela just like Colombia, Dominica and Barbados are all listed onChinas Approved Destination Status (ADS) list. To date 134 countries havesigned an agreement with China to receive this designation, but to date only112 are officially listed on this list. The Chinese government created the ADSpolicy to account for the growing interest of Chinese citizens in foreign traveland the fast increase in disposable income. ADS is granted to overseasdestinations through a bilateral government agreement. The ADS onlyconcerns tourism groups handled by assigned Chinese local travel agencies.Business and official travel to overseas destinations are not included in ADSagreements.

The purpose of ADS is to have a control mechanism on the organizingparties on both sides (local travel agencies and international tour operators) inorder to guarantee safe and reliable tourism services for the Chinesecustomers. An important issue within ADS is to avoid possible illegalimmigration through tourism channels. All tourism groups traveling within theADS framework are supposed to be monitored by both Chinese and foreignauthorities to ensure they return to China.

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An increased flow of passengers between China and Venezuela makeshaving a direct connection with Middle East gateways like Dubai, Abu Dhabiand Qatar a realistic possibility for the Curaao International Airport were it tobecome a gateway to and from Venezuela. Table 5 shows that already thereare passengers from Venezuela destined for eastern destinations traveling


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through Dubai via So Paolo (GRU) that is served weekly non stop byEmirates Airline from Dubai.

Some other considerations

1 Less travel time

In studies from Airbus, Boeing and Embraer, three of the leadingairplane manufacturers today, they have all concluded (independent fromeach other) that passengers want to fly the shortest possible routes to reachtheir destinations. The sometimes erratic policies of Venezuelas president Mr.Hugo Chavez Frias, especially regarding foreign exchange, are forcingairlines to rethink their Venezuela strategies. Planning alternative routes todestinations in Venezuela is therefore worthy of consideration. In this contextCuraaos closeness to Venezuela creates opportunities for Curaao sinceforeign carriers can transfer their passengers in by means of interline hubsCuraao to Venezuela flag carriers or even to Curaao flag carriers for the

last leg.

2 Weather

Besides lying outside of the hurricane belt, Curaao also lies outside ofthe Inter-tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). The ITCZ is the region thatcircles the Earth, near the equator, where the trade winds of the Northern andSouthern Hemispheres come together. The ITCZ is known for its almostperpetual series of thunderstorms. Both Venezuela and Colombia lie withinthe ITCZ, and therefore their airports are frequently plagued bythunderstorms, with as result that they sometimes have to close for hours.

3 Open Skies Air Service Agreement

The Netherlands Antilles (of which Curaao was the main island) andVenezuela had an Open Skies air service agreement with each other (withinthe bilateral). Commercial carriers from both countries can travel between thetwo without limitation on either frequency, seats per aircraft or type of aircraft.Regardless of the air service agreement, the authorities in Venezuela at timesstill tend to act erratic when it comes to authorizing flights from Curaao flagcarriers to destinations in Venezuela. The fifth freedom of the air however is

limited.4 One Terminal Operation

Unlike the Simon Bolivar International, the Curaao International offersinternational transfer passengers a one terminal operation.

5 Aircrfat Rescue and Fire Fighting

In Venezuela only Simon Bolivar International Airport (Maiquetia)complies with category 9 of the ICAO Standard for Rescue and Fire Service.

The other international airports like those in Isla de Margarita, Barcelona,Maracaibo, Barquisimeto and Valencia are all category 7 airports. HatoInternational (also category 9) has the added advantage of having two insteadof one fire brigade stationed on its premises, since Hato International also


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shares its runway with an air station from the US Armed Forces. The airporttherefore has both a military and a civilian Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fightingunit. Both brigades can co-ordinate and co-operate with each other duringemergencies.

6 Public Image

During the 90s and after the rise of Hugo Chavez the internationalmedia has greatly influenced the international publics perception ofVenezuela. Venezuela has been made synonymous to Caracas, an unsafecapital, while the Western media keeps trying to portray President HugoChavez as a dictator. Because of the media, the word Caracas tends toconvoke negative connotations with the general public. Various influentialtravel blogs even have proclaimed Caracas as the most dangerous city in theworld, even more dangerous than Ciudad Juarez in Mexico that is practicallygoverned by the Mexican drug cartels. According to the travel blogs Caracasranks the highest for murder and crime in the world per 100000 in 2010.

people. Therefore possibly a lot of potential travelers tend to shun traveling toVenezuela. Traveling to Venezuela outside the Federal District (whereCaracas is located) through Curaao rather than through Caracas, canthereforebe a motivating factor for more people to travel to Venezuela.

The airlines

Caracas is connected weekly with Europe by Air France, Iberia, AirEurope, Alitalia, Lufthansa, Air Portugal and the Venezuelan carrier SantaBarbara Airlines. Isla de Margarita (Porlamar) is served directly by Condorfrom Frankfurt.

Some final remarks

By focusing almost exclusively on O&D traffic with Curaao either asorigin or final destination, the Curaao International Airport is limiting its ownpossibilities for growth since Curaao is a small market (population size

Documents

The Venezuela Catchment Area