The War BeginsChapter 16 Day 1

Fort Sumter - Charleston Harbor, SC **Union troops were in control of the Fort** – occupied it

after SC secession – lone federal outpost in SC

Confederate troops surrounded the fort with guns and artillery

Lincoln resupplied the Fort

**Confederates demanded federal troops evacuate – Major Robert Anderson refused**

**These shots mark the beginning of the Civil War**

“There can be no neutrals in this war, only patriots or traitors.”

-Stephen Douglas

Who has the advantage: North & South?

North South

Advantages & Disadvantages

Population: 21 million2x as many railroad

tracks as SouthMuch wealthier “The Yankees’ most

bloodthirsty achievements consist of harpooning whales…”

Population: 9 million (3.5 million are slaves)

½ as many railroad tracks as North

Produce ¼ of the wealth of NY alone in all of the South

Many men had already “seen action during the Mexican War and looked forward to more”

Tallapoosa Thrashers, Chickasaw Desperadoes, and Cherokee Lincoln Killers

“Each side thought the other would collapse within ninety days…”

Given what you know, who is at the advantage?? Defend!!!

Union Confederacy

Major Leaders

Abe Lincoln – President

General George B McClellan

General Ulysses S. Grant (kicked out of the army originally)

Jefferson Davis – President

General Robert E. Lee (turned down Union)

General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson

**First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)**July 21, 1861

**The first major battle of the Civil War – Confed. Victory**

Fought 25 mi. outside of Washington D.C. – along Bull Run Creek near Manassas junction – vital RR

In excitement to see a “real, live, battle” **citizens in the area came to watch** the fight unfold

First Battle of Bull Run (Manassas)July 21, 1861

Initially, Union troops thought they had won

General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson – inspired C troops Standing like a stone wall

C troops reinforced – U troops NOT reinforced

Union retreat – C victory! 4,500 casualties

“The Southern army was nearly as unprepared for its victory as its foes had been for their defeat”

”The Civil War” by Geoffrey C. Ward

War in Virginia

Lincoln was shocked at how poorly trained the Union army was – enlisted 100,000 additional troops to serve 3 yrs. (Army of the Potomac)

Davis was overjoyed – “we have taught them a lesson in their invasion of the sacred soil of Virginia”

Some thought the Confederacy had already won the Civil War after the victory at Manassas

McClellan takes chargeGen. George B. McClellan (hesitant, careful, vain)

put in charge of Army of the Potomac - Union troops in DC by Lincoln

Brought discipline, order within the troops

“They received him with loud shouts, by the eager uproar…they believe in him”

Second Battle of Bull RunAugust 1862 Lincoln frustrated by McClellan’s

inaction/stupidity (in L’s opinion) Gen. Pope’s forces and

McClellan’s forces told to meet in Richmond

*Before forces could meet, Jackson attacked Pope’s Union forces*

Day 1: stalemate Day 2: many casualties Day 3: C victory; U retreat

**MAJOR victory for C**

Battle of Antietam“The bloodiest day in American History”

September 17, 1862

Activity

As a group read the Battle of Antietam

Summary on page 519

and in article. Take

notes in Graphic

Organizer!!

Discuss with your group:Where did the battle of Antietam take place?

What happened?Who was in charge of each army?What is significant about the battle of Antietam?

How many casualties did each side suffer?

Union Naval Strategy

North had most of the US Navy’s fleet

Experienced naval officers

ANACONDA PLAN!!!!

Union Naval Strategy

The War So Far

Reasons a Union victory was Needed:

Lincoln wanted to show that his government was strong and could support the proclamation.

Lincoln didn’t want it to appear that his government was weak

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y82uZ7oX2tE

What is the war about?Preserving the Union or Freeing the Slaves?

The Emancipation Problem

Lincoln’s first challenge was that the U.S. Constitution did not prohibit slavery.

Individual states could outlaw slavery, but not the U.S. Government.

Lincoln used background as a lawyer to help solve problem

Lincoln’s solutionHow did the South view slaves?

Property

What happens to property that is confiscated in war? The property captured (called contraband) belongs to the

army that captured it and its government.

War became as much about preserving the Union as it was about freeing the slaves!

The Emancipation ProclamationVictory at Antietam allowed Lincoln to issue it

Military order to free slaves in states controlled by the Confederacy

More symbolic than practical – did not necessarily stop slavery HUGE morale booster for the UNION – this is what you’re

fighting for!!

Reaction to ProclamationAbolitionists and African Americans rejoiced!

Slaves fled to Union camps for protections

Loss of slaves in the south crippled South’s ability to wage war.

Opposition to the War

Grant in Charge in the WestGeneral Ulysses S. Grant grew impatient with

McClellan – WANTED TO BE ON THE OFFENSIVE!

Focus of western theater was to take control of Mississippi River – why?? Cut off food supply, means of communication, and

transportation.

Siege of VicksburgFarragut and his Union troops

approached Vicksburg, Mississippi

Farragut & Grant’s troops join GOAL= starve the city into surrender!!

Troops began to cut off city and shell it

Confederates surrendered; Grant immediately sent food into the C soldiers and civilians

“the fate of the Confederacy was sealed when Vicksburg fell”

“We are utterly cut off from the world, surrounded by a

circle of fire.”

Gettysburg Address Primary Source1. According to Lincoln, why is the nation fighting the Civil

War?

2. Who makes the ground Holy at the Gettysburg Cemetery? Why?

3. “The world with little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here.” What do you think he means by this quote?

4. What is the “great task” according to Lincoln?

5. Look at the last 5 lines – what is Lincoln’s hope or goal for