The War Between The War Between the Statesthe States

The Civil WarThe Civil War

The NorthThe NorthThe Northern states were very industrial. The Northern states were very industrial. In other words, there were MANY factories In other words, there were MANY factories and plants in the Northern Region of the and plants in the Northern Region of the United States.United States.

Because of all this industry, there were Because of all this industry, there were many jobs. Many immigrants found work many jobs. Many immigrants found work in these factories.in these factories.

Working conditions Working conditions in these factories in these factories were often unhealthy were often unhealthy and unsafe.and unsafe.

The workdays were The workdays were LONG and the wages LONG and the wages were low.were low.– This picture shows This picture shows

how poor the how poor the immigrants were. immigrants were.

POPULATION OF POPULATION OF THE NORTHTHE NORTH

In 1860, the In 1860, the North had about North had about 15,092,263 15,092,263 AmericansAmericansThere were There were 3,543,847 3,543,847 Immigrants Immigrants during this time during this time also.also.

POPULATION OF POPULATION OF THE SOUTHTHE SOUTH

In 1860, there In 1860, there were about were about 7,752,043 7,752,043 AmericansAmericans

There were about There were about 3,950,521 slaves3,950,521 slaves

There were only There were only about 480,032 about 480,032 immigrantsimmigrants

What About the South?What About the South?Most Southerners owned small farms but Most Southerners owned small farms but did NOT own slaves.did NOT own slaves.

COTTON, which was grown on large COTTON, which was grown on large plantations, was the reason for most of the plantations, was the reason for most of the South’s wealth.South’s wealth.

In 1860, about 4,000,000 slaves did all the In 1860, about 4,000,000 slaves did all the backbreaking work of picking and cleaning backbreaking work of picking and cleaning the cotton.the cotton.

The South produced about 2/3 of the The South produced about 2/3 of the world’s supply of cotton.world’s supply of cotton.

Why did the South not have many Why did the South not have many immigrants?immigrants?

The North had plenty of jobs for the The North had plenty of jobs for the immigrants because of so much industry.immigrants because of so much industry.

The South used slavesThe South used slaves

COTTON IS KINGCOTTON IS KING

AbolitionistsAbolitionistsDefinition:Definition:

Someone who Someone who wanted to end slavery wanted to end slavery in the United Statesin the United States

WHO?WHO?Many different Many different people across the people across the United States United States spoke out against spoke out against slaveryslavery

William Lloyd William Lloyd GarrisonGarrison– A famous abolitionistA famous abolitionist– He began a He began a

newspaper called newspaper called The Liberator The Liberator in in Boston Boston

– It spoke out against It spoke out against slavery and it was slavery and it was very controversialvery controversial

Angelina and Angelina and Sarah Grimke Sarah Grimke (sisters)(sisters)They were daughters of a They were daughters of a South Carolina judge and South Carolina judge and plantation owner. plantation owner. They saw the evils of They saw the evils of slavery first hand growing up slavery first hand growing up on the plantation.on the plantation.They moved North where They moved North where they could work openly to they could work openly to end slaveryend slaveryThey were the first women They were the first women in history to speak out in history to speak out publicly for the abolitionist publicly for the abolitionist causecause

Who was Moses?Who was Moses?

Harriett Tubman was nicknamed Moses Harriett Tubman was nicknamed Moses because of all the slaves she set free as a because of all the slaves she set free as a conductor on the Underground Railroad.conductor on the Underground Railroad.

Was the Underground Railroad a real Was the Underground Railroad a real railroad?railroad?– NO! It was a system of secret routes that NO! It was a system of secret routes that

escaping slaves used to follow to freedomescaping slaves used to follow to freedom

Harriett TubmanWilliam Lloyd Garrison

Different Viewpoints on SlaveryDifferent Viewpoints on Slavery

SOUTHSOUTHThe South believed The South believed that cotton made up that cotton made up about ½ of all goods about ½ of all goods exported from the exported from the U.S. U.S. Some also argued Some also argued that slaves were that slaves were better off than better off than immigrantsimmigrants

NORTHNORTHMany saw slavery as Many saw slavery as unjust and terrible unjust and terrible crueltycrueltyOne man said that One man said that slavery allowed them slavery allowed them NO hope for NO hope for improvement nor improvement nor protection against protection against abuseabuse

In 1819, the Union (United States) was evenly In 1819, the Union (United States) was evenly divided between slave states and free states.divided between slave states and free states.That year, Missouri asked to join the Union as a That year, Missouri asked to join the Union as a slave state.slave state.In order to maintain a balance between free In order to maintain a balance between free states and slave states, Congress passed the states and slave states, Congress passed the Missouri Compromise.Missouri Compromise.– This compromise created an imaginary line from This compromise created an imaginary line from

east to west through the Louisiana Territory.east to west through the Louisiana Territory.– Slavery would be allowed in all states south of the Slavery would be allowed in all states south of the

line. It would be forbidden in all states north except line. It would be forbidden in all states north except for Missourifor Missouri

– Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine Missouri was admitted as a slave state and Maine was admitted as a free state.was admitted as a free state.

The Compromise of 1850The Compromise of 1850California would be admitted as a free state, California would be admitted as a free state, which would benefit the North.which would benefit the North.

In return, the North would obey the Fugitive In return, the North would obey the Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law– The Fugitive Slave Law required police in free The Fugitive Slave Law required police in free

states help capture slave escaping from slave states help capture slave escaping from slave statesstates

A House DividedA House Divided

Uncle Tom’s Cabin-Written by Harriet Uncle Tom’s Cabin-Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe-protested the Fugitive Beecher Stowe-protested the Fugitive Slave LawSlave Law

The Dred Scott DecisionThe Dred Scott Decision

Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act

John Brown’s RaidJohn Brown’s Raid

Abraham LincolnAbraham Lincoln

Lawyer in IllinoisLawyer in Illinois

RepublicanRepublican

Served 4 years in the state legislatureServed 4 years in the state legislature

One term as a representative in CongressOne term as a representative in Congress

He firmly opposed slaveryHe firmly opposed slavery– ““If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.”If slavery is not wrong, nothing is wrong.”– He ran for Senate but lost to Stephen Douglas He ran for Senate but lost to Stephen Douglas

who supported who supported states’ rightsstates’ rights..

The Election of 1860The Election of 1860Lincoln and Douglas ran against each Lincoln and Douglas ran against each other again for U. S. President. other again for U. S. President. Lincoln was the only candidate who firmly Lincoln was the only candidate who firmly opposed slavery. opposed slavery. ( there were 4 candidates)( there were 4 candidates)

To preserve the Union, Lincoln pledged to To preserve the Union, Lincoln pledged to leave slavery alone where it already leave slavery alone where it already existed.existed.BUT, if no new slave states were admitted BUT, if no new slave states were admitted to the Union, the South would lose its to the Union, the South would lose its political power.political power.

If Lincoln was elected, many Southern If Lincoln was elected, many Southern states had talked about states had talked about seceding.seceding.

Secede-means to leave the UnionSecede-means to leave the Union

When Lincoln won, he didn’t believe that When Lincoln won, he didn’t believe that any state would secede.any state would secede.

However, South Carolina voted to secede However, South Carolina voted to secede followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. They formed a Georgia, Louisiana, Texas. They formed a new Union called the Confederate States new Union called the Confederate States of America. They chose Jefferson Davis of America. They chose Jefferson Davis as their presidentas their president

Jefferson Davis Abraham Lincoln

Abraham Lincoln believed it was Abraham Lincoln believed it was unconstitutional for the Southern unconstitutional for the Southern states to secede.states to secede.

He was determined to hold the He was determined to hold the country togethercountry together

He promised to “hold, occupy, He promised to “hold, occupy, and possess” all federal property and possess” all federal property in the Southern States!in the Southern States!

Fort Sumter, South CarolinaFort Sumter, South Carolina

The people of South Carolina believed they The people of South Carolina believed they were people of the Confederate States of were people of the Confederate States of AmericaAmerica

They wanted the U.S. flag taken down from They wanted the U.S. flag taken down from Fort Sumter and the Confederate Flag flown in Fort Sumter and the Confederate Flag flown in its place.its place.

On April 12, 1861, Confederate guns were fired On April 12, 1861, Confederate guns were fired at Northern ships approaching the fort at 4:30 at Northern ships approaching the fort at 4:30 a.m.a.m.

This was the beginning of the Civil War!!This was the beginning of the Civil War!!

The NORTHThe NORTHThe North believed that they would win because The North believed that they would win because they had a larger population and more resources they had a larger population and more resources than the south. They could build and supply a than the south. They could build and supply a better army.better army.

They were also better able to feed an army They were also better able to feed an army because they grew most of the country’s food.because they grew most of the country’s food.

The North had most of the railroads, and they The North had most of the railroads, and they could be used for moving soldiers and suppliescould be used for moving soldiers and supplies

The SOUTHThe SOUTHThe South thought they would win The South thought they would win because after the Union surrendered at because after the Union surrendered at Fort Sumter, 11 more states joined the Fort Sumter, 11 more states joined the Confederacy.Confederacy.The South had many well-trained officersThe South had many well-trained officersMany Southerners grew up riding horses Many Southerners grew up riding horses and using guns to huntand using guns to huntSoutherners would fight fiercely because Southerners would fight fiercely because they believed they were fighting to protect they believed they were fighting to protect their homes and their way of lifetheir homes and their way of life

The Civil War did not happen just because The Civil War did not happen just because of slavery. of slavery.

It began as a fight for states’ rights. The It began as a fight for states’ rights. The dispute of slavery indirectly became a dispute of slavery indirectly became a focus because the slave states believed it focus because the slave states believed it was their right if they wanted slavery.was their right if they wanted slavery.

Both sides thought it would be a QUICK Both sides thought it would be a QUICK war. But, do you know how long it war. But, do you know how long it lasted………………..lasted………………..

The Civil War lasted from The Civil War lasted from April 1861 to April 1865April 1861 to April 1865

About 1.5 million people fought for About 1.5 million people fought for the Norththe North

About 1 million people fought for About 1 million people fought for the Souththe South

Confederate LeaderConfederate Leader

General Robert E. LeeGeneral Robert E. LeeThe Union asked him to The Union asked him to

lead their army, but lead their army, but he was from he was from Richmond Virginia. Richmond Virginia. He told them he could He told them he could not betray his not betray his homeland.homeland.

Well respected and Well respected and skilledskilled

Fought in the Mexican Fought in the Mexican WarWar

The Union LeaderThe Union Leader

General Ulysses S. General Ulysses S. GrantGrant

First Battle at ManassasFirst Battle at ManassasJuly, 1861July, 1861

Also referred to as The 1Also referred to as The 1stst Battle of Bull Run Battle of Bull RunA Union army marched south from Washington-A Union army marched south from Washington-to capture Richmond-The Confederate Capitol. to capture Richmond-The Confederate Capitol. The 2 armies fought at a stream named “Bull The 2 armies fought at a stream named “Bull Run”. Soon, they all grew tired, but General Run”. Soon, they all grew tired, but General Thomas Jonathan Jackson led Confederate Thomas Jonathan Jackson led Confederate Troops and stood there like a STONEWALL, Troops and stood there like a STONEWALL, refusing to surrender. The Confederate troops refusing to surrender. The Confederate troops regained morale, and the Confederate Army regained morale, and the Confederate Army won. General Jackson was from then on won. General Jackson was from then on referred to as “Stonewall” Jackson. referred to as “Stonewall” Jackson.

General “Stonewall” JacksonGeneral “Stonewall” Jackson

Battle of AntietamBattle of AntietamSeptember 17, 1862September 17, 1862

Deadliest day of the warDeadliest day of the warThe two armies suffered at least 23,000 The two armies suffered at least 23,000 casualties.casualties.The Union army stopped Gen. Lee from The Union army stopped Gen. Lee from invading Marylandinvading MarylandThe Confederate Army retreated-meaning The Confederate Army retreated-meaning they gave in and lost this battlethey gave in and lost this battle

Video clip

Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation ProclamationJanuary 1, 1863January 1, 1863

In the beginning of the war, Lincoln’s only In the beginning of the war, Lincoln’s only concern was to keep the Union together. concern was to keep the Union together. He was not going to free enslave people. He was not going to free enslave people. As the war progressed, he changed his As the war progressed, he changed his mind!mind!So, Lincoln decided to pass the So, Lincoln decided to pass the Emancipation Proclamation.Emancipation Proclamation.Emancipate means to free enslaved Emancipate means to free enslaved peoplepeople

The proclamation declared that slaves in The proclamation declared that slaves in the Confederacy were free.the Confederacy were free.

What do you think the Confederates What do you think the Confederates thought about this?thought about this?

Well, they IGNORED IT!!!!Well, they IGNORED IT!!!!

Battle of VicksburgBattle of VicksburgJuly, 1863July, 1863

Town in MississippiTown in MississippiGeneral Grant’s army surrounded General Grant’s army surrounded Vicksburg and fired cannons into the town Vicksburg and fired cannons into the town for 6 weeks!!!!!for 6 weeks!!!!!On July 4, 1863, Vicksburg surrendered. On July 4, 1863, Vicksburg surrendered. This gave the Union control of the This gave the Union control of the Mississippi RiverMississippi RiverThis cut off Texas and Arkansas from the This cut off Texas and Arkansas from the rest of the South.rest of the South.

GettysburgGettysburgJuly, 1863July, 1863

General Lee decided it was time to invade General Lee decided it was time to invade the Union again!the Union again!

He marched his army into Pennsylvania. He marched his army into Pennsylvania.

The Union Army met Lee’s soldiers near The Union Army met Lee’s soldiers near the town of Gettysburgthe town of Gettysburg

The battle lasted for two days!The battle lasted for two days!

On the 3On the 3rdrd day, Lee ordered a final attack. day, Lee ordered a final attack.

About 14,000 Confederate soldiers charged About 14,000 Confederate soldiers charged across the open fields towards the union.across the open fields towards the union.

Well, they were ready for them!!!!!Well, they were ready for them!!!!!

They killed or wounded about half of the They killed or wounded about half of the Confederate soldiers.Confederate soldiers.

Lee and his weakened army were forced to Lee and his weakened army were forced to retreat.retreat.

The two battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg The two battles of Gettysburg and Vicksburg were the turning points of the warwere the turning points of the war

Gettysburg

A Challenged Nation

Assignment time!Assignment time!

Read in your Social Studies book pages Read in your Social Studies book pages 184-187.184-187.

Then, complete page 30 in your workbookThen, complete page 30 in your workbook

The UnionThe Union

They tried to force the South to surrender They tried to force the South to surrender by destroying southerner’s resourcesby destroying southerner’s resources

By the end of 1863, the Union had many By the end of 1863, the Union had many victories, but the Confederate armies were victories, but the Confederate armies were STILL fighting hard. The North HAD to STILL fighting hard. The North HAD to destroy the South’s ability to fightdestroy the South’s ability to fight

Lincoln had General Lincoln had General Ulysses S. Grant to fight Ulysses S. Grant to fight hard. hard.

Grant ordered William Grant ordered William Tecumseh Sherman to Tecumseh Sherman to lead the army into lead the army into TennesseeTennessee

Sherman planned to Sherman planned to attack Atlanta Georgia-a attack Atlanta Georgia-a MAJOR Confederate MAJOR Confederate city.city.

The Atlanta CampaignThe Atlanta CampaignMay 1864May 1864

Atlanta was a center for southern supplies, Atlanta was a center for southern supplies, factories, and railroads. Union Soldiers marched factories, and railroads. Union Soldiers marched into Atlanta in May, 1864into Atlanta in May, 1864Confederates fought back all summer! They Confederates fought back all summer! They were able to use mountains and rivers as were able to use mountains and rivers as defenses.defenses.But, the Union’s larger army finally captured But, the Union’s larger army finally captured Atlanta in September.Atlanta in September.Sherman sent a telegraph to Lincoln that simply Sherman sent a telegraph to Lincoln that simply said, “Atlanta is ours, and fairly won.”said, “Atlanta is ours, and fairly won.”

Sherman’s March to SeaSherman’s March to Sea

Sherman’s soldiers marched from Atlanta Sherman’s soldiers marched from Atlanta to Savannahto Savannah

They destroyed everything along the way They destroyed everything along the way that southerners needed for war.that southerners needed for war.

Sherman used TOTAL WAR to make Sherman used TOTAL WAR to make southerners basicly worn out!southerners basicly worn out!

Total war-the strategy of destroying the Total war-the strategy of destroying the enemy’s resources.enemy’s resources.

March to Sea

Use your Social Studies book!Use your Social Studies book!

Turn to page 192-193 and read:Turn to page 192-193 and read:– Grant and LeeGrant and Lee– Lee’s SurrenderLee’s Surrender

– Complete page 31 on workbookComplete page 31 on workbook

Why did Lee have to surrender?Why did Lee have to surrender?

He could not get more supplies, soldiers He could not get more supplies, soldiers were deserting, and he was almost were deserting, and he was almost surroundedsurrounded