A War Between The States

The American Civil War:April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865

(last shots fired, June 22, 1865)

The Two Sides

• The United States of America– nickname: The Union, The North– president: Abraham Lincoln

• vp: Hannibal Hamlin Andrew Johnson

• The Confederate States of America nickname: The Confederacy, The South president: Jefferson Davis

vp: Alexander Stephens

Confederate States Of America

• Florida• Virginia• Texas• North Carolina• South Carolina• Tennessee • Louisiana• Georgia• Alabama• Mississippi• Arkansas

Union States

Union States (continued)

• California• Connecticut• Illinois• Indiana• Iowa• Kansas• Maine• Massachusetts• Michigan• Minnesota

•Nevada •New Hampshire•New York•New Jersey•Ohio•Oregon•Pennsylvania•Rhode Island•Vermont

Border States

• Missouri • Kentucky• West Virginia• Maryland• Delaware

Confederate Alliances

• England– The English helped the CSA by providing supplies

and weapons for an economically based reason:• The confederates provided the Bahamas (an English

colony) and England with cotton and other crops that England needed and the British government decided that having a split America was beneficial. So they supported the CSA.

WeaponsNapoleon Cannon12 lbs. shot

Howitzer Cannon12, 24, 32 lbs. shotRange: 250-1700 yds.

Muzzleloader 2-3 shots per minuteRange: 100-400 yds.

1851 Colt NavySingle action: 6 shotRange: 75-100 yds.

1860 Colt ArmySingle action: 6 shotRange: 75-100 yds.

Officer’s Sword

Bayonet

Gatling GunPredecessor of the Machine gun4 man crew

Transportation

• Horse– Officers used horses while most soldiers walked

• Wagon• Ship– Warships were iron clad. This marked the first time iron

ships were used• U.S.S. Monitor, C.S.S. Merrimack

• Railroad/Train– Many battles were fought over railroads such as: 1st

battle of Manassas

Battle at Fort Sumter

• April 12-13, 1861• Fort Sumter, Charleston, SC• Officers:– CSA: Brigadier General Beauregard – Union: Major Anderson

Fort Sumter (continued)

• Casualties – No human casualties

• This battle was the first battle of what would become the American Civil War. The fact that the confederates ousted union troops showed that the country was pulling apart quickly and that the Confederate states were ready for war.

First Battle of Bull Run/Manassas

• July 21,1861• Outside the city of Manassas, VA• Officers– Union: Brigadier General Irvin McDowell – CSA: Brigadier General Beauregard, Colonel Jackson

Bull Run/Manassas (continued)

• Casualties– Union: 2,896– CSA: 1,982

• This battle showed that instead of a 90 day war, as many northerners thought it would be, it would, in fact be very long lasting and would kill countless American men.

Gettysburg

• July 1-3, 1863• Gettysburg, PA and surrounding area• Officers– Union: Major General George Meade– CSA: General Robert E. Lee

• Casualties• Union: 23,055

3,155 killed14,531 injured5,369 captured/missing

• CSA: 23,2314,708 killed12,693 wounded5,830 captured/missing

This battle marked a turn in the momentum of the war. After this clash, the war began to turn in the Union’s favor.

Battle at Chickamauga • September 18-20, 1863• Catoosa County, TN• Officers:– Union: Major General William S. Rosecrans – CSA: General Braxton Bragg

• Casualties– Union: 16,170– CSA: 18,454Even though the Confederates won the battle, Lincoln had time to replace Rosecrans with General Ulysses Grant who brought in reinforcements.

Second Battle at Fort Fisher• January 13-15, 1865• Fort Fisher, NC (near the mouth of the Cape Fear River)• Officers

– Union: Major General Alfred Terry; Rear Admiral David D. Porter– CSA: Major General W.H.C. Whiting; Robert F Hoke

• Casualties– Union-1,338– CSA-583

A Union victory successfully cut off the last open confederate port therefore stopping the CSA’s access to supplies.

Appomattox Courthouse• April 9, 1895• Appomattox, VA• Officers

– Union: General Ulysses Grant– CSA: General Robert E. Lee

• Casualties– Union:164– CSA: 500

This battle was the last major battle, after this there were still minor skirmishes however with the surrender at Appomattox, the Confederate’s chances of a victory were pretty much done. So the battle of Appomattox Courthouse is widely considered the unofficial end of the Civil War.

My Family• General Braxton Bragg, CSA

– Commanded troops in battle of Battle of Shiloh, Battle of Perryville, Battle of Stones River, Tullahoma Campaign, Battle of Chickamauga, Battles for Chattanooga, Second Battle of Fort Fisher, Battle of Bentonville, Battle at Wilmington

– Great Great Great Great Uncle

• Haywood L. Peterson, CSA– Died in Union Prison Camp in Elmira, NY, age 21– Great Great Great Uncle

• Thomas Bragg– Attorney General of the Confederate States of America– Great Great Great Great Uncle

• Thomas Aaron Peterson, CSA– Killed on Jan. 15, 1865 at Fort Fisher, age 24– Great Great Great Uncle

End of the war

• While the end of the war is considered the Battle at Appomattox Courthouse, the last shots were fired across the continent.

• June 22, 1865• In the waters off the coast of what is now Washington

or Alaska• Captain James Waddell of the CSS Shenandoah, led an

attack on Union Ships in the Pacific Northwest, not knowing of the CSA’s collapse 2 months earlier.

• His surrender marked the official end of the Civil War.

How did the Civil War affect America’s future?

• Eliminated sectionalism

• Ended slavery

• Showed that we are stronger as a whole instead of different fragments

Bibliography

• http://badgleypublishingcompany.com/images/Civil_War_Flags_trans_copy.gif

• http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Jefferson_Davis.jpg/415px-Jefferson_Davis.jpg

• http://www.legendsofamerica.com/photos-americanhistory/ConfederateStates.png

• http://www.awesomestories.com/assets/map-depicting-border-states-us-civil-war

• http://community.curtislibrary.com/pejepscot/catalog.htm

• http://civilwarwiki.net/wiki/12_pdr._Howitzer• : http://www.cherrys.com/ped_rif2.htm